Longnan 陇南市 | |
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.png) Location of Longnan City jurisdiction in Gansu | |
| Coordinates (Longnan municipal government):33°22′13″N104°57′37″E / 33.3702°N 104.9603°E /33.3702; 104.9603 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Gansu |
| Municipal seat | Wudu District |
| Area | |
| 27,890 km2 (10,770 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 4,649 km2 (1,795 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 4,649 km2 (1,795 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 2,407,272 | |
| • Density | 86.31/km2 (223.5/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 546,616 |
| • Urban density | 117.6/km2 (304.5/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 546,616 |
| • Metro density | 117.6/km2 (304.5/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 31.5 billion US$ 5.1 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 12,172 US$ 1,954 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 742500 |
| Area code | 0939 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-GS-12 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 甘K |
| Website | www |
Longnan (simplified Chinese:陇南;traditional Chinese:隴南;pinyin:Lǒngnán;lit. 'south ofMount Long"[3]') is aprefecture-level city in the southeast ofGansu province inChina. It bordersSichuan on its south andShaanxi on its east. As of the2020 Chinese census, the population of the prefecture-level city was 2,407,272, of which 546,616 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made ofWudu District.[1]
Longnan is in southern Gansu province bordering Shaanxi in the east and Sichuan in the south. It is called Gansu's southern gateway and gateway tothe northwest. The major geographic features in Longnan are the Qinba Mountains in the east, the Loess Plateau in the north, and the Tibetan Plateau in the west. It is part of the Central Han basin in the east and theSichuan basin in the south. Elevations range from 800 to 4,200 m (2,620 to 13,780 ft) above sea level. The three major rivers in Longnan are theBailong, theBaishui, and theJialing. Besides these major rivers there are more than 3800 streams and creeks. The annual flow from all of these rivers and streams is more than 28 billion m3. The area of the prefecture is 27,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi).
Longnan has a temperate,monsoon-influencedsemi-arid climate (KöppenBSk/BSh, depending on the source definition), with cool and very dry winters and hot, moderately humid summers. Due to the protected valley location and the southerly location in the province, the area is one of the warmest in Gansu, with annual temperatures ranging from 10 to 15 °C (50 to 59 °F). The annual precipitation is 400 to 1,000 mm (16 to 39 in), while there are between 160 and 280 frost free days. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 34% in September and October to 53% in December, the city receives 1,850 sunlight hours annually. Two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September. At Wudu, the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 3.7 °C (38.7 °F) in January to 25.2 °C (77.4 °F) in July, the annual mean is 14.94 °C (58.9 °F), and the annual precipitation is 461 mm (18.1 in).
| Climate data for Longnan (Wudu District), elevation 1,079 m (3,540 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) | 21.6 (70.9) | 29.2 (84.6) | 33.2 (91.8) | 35.7 (96.3) | 37.6 (99.7) | 38.3 (100.9) | 38.6 (101.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 29.2 (84.6) | 23.0 (73.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 38.6 (101.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.0 (62.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 26.5 (79.7) | 29.4 (84.9) | 31.3 (88.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 25.2 (77.4) | 19.8 (67.6) | 15.1 (59.2) | 9.6 (49.3) | 20.7 (69.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 11.5 (52.7) | 16.7 (62.1) | 20.3 (68.5) | 23.5 (74.3) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.9 (76.8) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.3 (59.5) | 10.3 (50.5) | 4.8 (40.6) | 15.3 (59.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) | 3.3 (37.9) | 7.4 (45.3) | 12.0 (53.6) | 15.5 (59.9) | 19.0 (66.2) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.8 (69.4) | 17.0 (62.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 6.7 (44.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 11.4 (52.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.5 (18.5) | −7.8 (18.0) | −3.6 (25.5) | −2.1 (28.2) | 5.1 (41.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.8 (58.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 0.9 (33.6) | −4.8 (23.4) | −8.6 (16.5) | −8.6 (16.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 1.6 (0.06) | 2.9 (0.11) | 14.0 (0.55) | 34.7 (1.37) | 67.3 (2.65) | 65.8 (2.59) | 84.5 (3.33) | 78.8 (3.10) | 70.4 (2.77) | 42.6 (1.68) | 7.2 (0.28) | 0.6 (0.02) | 470.4 (18.51) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.9 | 2.6 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 13.1 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 97.3 |
| Average snowy days | 4.5 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 10.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 54 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 67 | 58 | 51 | 56 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 146.0 | 129.5 | 155.0 | 181.2 | 191.4 | 174.8 | 197.9 | 195.2 | 127.9 | 124.8 | 142.9 | 155.9 | 1,922.5 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 46 | 41 | 41 | 46 | 44 | 41 | 46 | 48 | 35 | 36 | 46 | 51 | 43 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[4][5][6] | |||||||||||||
Longnan was settled by humans at least 7000 years ago. Between 5000 and 6000 years ago, civilizations developed along theXihan ("Western Han") andBailong ("White Dragon") rivers. Anping in Wudu as well asLixian both have ancient ruins. Longnan is very important in Chinese history: it was the home ofRong tribes that troubled theShang andZhoudynasties and is considered the homeland of theHouse of Ying, the family of theQin dynasty that united China at the end of theWarring States period. Wudu County was even founded as part of the Qin Empire. It is still common to findQin artifacts—including pottery, bronzes, and coins—in the area.
During theSixteen Kingdoms period, the region was ruled by theQiang kingdoms ofLater Qin and Tanchang, the latter has its capital in present-dayTanchang. Tanchang is conquered byEmperor Wu of Northern Zhou in 564. The region then went under control ofSui,Tang andSong dynasties, then subsequently conquered by theTibetans,Tanguts,Jurchens andMongols before finally administered byMing dynasty court.Under imperial Chinese rule, the area was administered asJie Prefecture(t階州,s阶州,Jiēzhōu).
Longnan has 1 urban districts, 8 counties, 242 towns, and 3243 villages with a total population of 2567718.[7]
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| City proper | ||||||
| 1 | Wudu District | 武都区 | Wǔdū Qū | 555,004 | 4,642 | 119.56 |
| Rural | ||||||
| 2 | Cheng County | 成县 | Chéng Xiàn | 242,343 | 1,678 | 144.42 |
| 3 | Wen County | 文县 | Wén Xiàn | 218,796 | 5,002 | 43.74 |
| 4 | Tanchang County | 宕昌县 | Tànchāng Xiàn | 274,313 | 3,315 | 82.75 |
| 5 | Kang County | 康县 | Kāng Xiàn | 180,061 | 2,968 | 60.67 |
| 6 | Xihe County | 西和县 | Xīhé Xiàn | 393,272 | 1,862 | 211.21 |
| 7 | Li County | 礼县 | Lǐ Xiàn | 458,237 | 4,264 | 107.47 |
| 8 | Hui County | 徽县 | Huī Xiàn | 200,294 | 2,699 | 74.21 |
| 9 | Liangdang County | 两当县 | Liǎngdāng Xiàn | 45,398 | 1,408 | 32.24 |
In 2004, Longnan's GDP was 6,338,000,000 RMB, a 12% growth over the previous year.
Important agricultural products include cereals and grains, Chinese medicinal herbs, vegetable oil, fruits, nuts, berries, and vegetables.Coal, copper, lead, zinc,petroleum, andgold are all major mineral resources for Longnan. Cement and other building materials are also produced here.
Longnan has more than 1300 species of trees and shrubs, 1300 plants and herbs used for Chinese medicine, 100 wild fruits and berries, and 300 species of animals, many species of which are protected.
