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Long March 12

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Chinese medium-lift carrier rocket

Long March 12
Size
Rendering of a Long March 12
Function	Medium-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer	Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
Country of origin	China
Height	62 m (203 ft 5 in)
Diameter	3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)
Mass	433 t (954,602 lb)
Stages	2
Capacity
Payload toLEO
Altitude	200 km (120 mi)
Mass	12,000 kg (26,000 lb)
Payload toLEO
Altitude	300 km (190 mi)
Mass	10,000 kg (22,000 lb)
Payload toSSO
Altitude	700 km (430 mi)
Mass	6,000 kg (13,000 lb)

Associated rockets
Family	Long March
Comparable	Long March 7 Long March 8 Angara A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Falcon 9 GSLV H3 LVM3 Soyuz-2 Zenit 2
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	Wenchang Commercial, LC-2
Total launches	3
Success(es)	3
First flight	30 November 2024
Last flight	10 November 2025 (most recent)

First stage
Powered by	4 × YF-100K
Maximum thrust	5,000 kN (1,100,000 lb_f)
Propellant	RP-1 / LOX
Second stage
Powered by	2 × YF-115
Maximum thrust	360 kN (81,000 lb_f)
Propellant	RP-1 / LOX^[1]

[edit on Wikidata]

TheLong March 12 (Chinese:长征十二号运载火箭;pinyin:Chang Zheng 12, abbreviatedLM-12 for export orCZ-12 within China), is a Chinesemedium-lift launch vehicle carrier rocket. Both stages use liquid fuel: refined kerosene (RP-1) and liquid oxygen (LOX).The manufacturer isShanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. It is capable of placing at least 12 tonnes (26,000 lb) of payload inlow Earth orbit and at least 6 tonnes (13,000 lb) in a 700 kilometres (430 mi)Sun-synchronous orbit. Its first launch took place on November 30, 2024 from the Hainan International Commercial Aerospace Launch Site onHainan island.^[2]^[3]

There is also a planned reusable version of the rocket, the CZ-12A; efforts are currently underway to verify stage-reusability technology via vertical take-off, vertical landing (VTVL) tests.^[4]

History and details

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CZ-12

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On 26 February 2024, theChina Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) released its annual "Blue Book" which detailed the company's launch plans for the coming year; one of the projects revealed in the Blue Book is the new Long March 12 medium-lift rocket.^[2] Long March 12 (CZ-12) is designed as a two-stage rocket: its first stage is powered by fourYF-100K 1250 KN engines usingRP-1 andliquid oxygen while its second stage is powered by twoYF-115 180 kN engines also using RP-1/LOX. The rocket offers two payload fairing choices, one with a diameter of 5.2 metres and another with a diameter of 4.2 metres.^[5]

CZ-12 has a stage diameter of 3.8 metres, a first for China. It is launched from the new commercial launch site located at China's coastal spaceport inWenchang.^[6]

The maiden launch of the new rocket occurred at 14:25UTC on 30 November 2024 from the Hainan International Commercial Aerospace Launch Site. There were two payloads on the launch: the “Satellite Internet Technology Test Satellite” and the “Technology Test Satellite-3”. Notably, this launch featured the newYF-100K rocket engine in its initial orbital launch attempt; the engine is a critical component of the under-development superheavy-liftLong March 10 lunar rocket. In addition, the maiden launch of the CZ-12 also constitutes the debut launch from the new Hainan commercial launch site.^[3]

CZ-12A reusable variant

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Main article:Long March 12A

In the future, SAST plans to introduce a variant with a reusable first stage: the Long March 12A (CZ-12A). It is anticipated that theCZ-12A will use methane and liquid-oxygen rocket engines from commercial providers.

Launch statistics

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2024

2025

2026

Failure
Partial failure
Success
Planned

List of launches

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CZ-12 launches

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Main article:List of Long March launches

Serial Number	Flight number	Date (UTC)	Launch site	Payload	Orbit	Result	Note
1	Y1	30 November 2024 14:25	Wenchang Commercial, LC-2	Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 5A JSW-03	LEO	Success	Maiden flight of Long March 12. - First flight ofYF-100K engines. - First launch from WC-LC-2
2	Y2	4 August 2025 10:21	Wenchang Commercial, LC-2	Huliangwang × 9 (SatNet LEO Group 07)	LEO	Success
3	Y3	10 November 2025 02:41	Wenchang Commercial, LC-2	Huliangwang × 9 (SatNet LEO Group 13)	LEO	Success

CZ-12A launches

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This section is an excerpt fromLong March 12A § Launches.[edit]

Flight No.	Rocket	Serial No.	Date/Time (UTC)	Payload	Orbit	Launch site	Outcome	Booster Recovery
1	CZ-12A	Y1	NET December 2025			JSLC	TBD
1	First flight of thereusable CZ-12A variant.

References

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^Clark, Stephen (December 2, 2024)."Over the weekend, China debuted a new rocket on the nation's path to the Moon".Ars Technica.
^^a ^bJones, Andrew (26 February 2024)."China's 2024 space plans include 100 launches and moon sample return mission". spacenews.com. Retrieved26 February 2024.
^^a ^bJones, Andrew (30 November 2024)."China launches first Long March 12 from new commercial spaceport in boost for country's lunar plans". spacenews.com. Retrieved4 December 2024.
^Jones, Andrew (2 January 2025)."China to debut new Long March and commercial rockets in 2025". spacenews.com. Retrieved3 January 2025.
^"长征十二号运载火箭计划今年首飞". 新华网. 26 February 2024.
^Jones, Andrew (29 February 2024)."China to debut new Long March rockets in 2024". space.com. Retrieved5 March 2024.

v t e Long March (rocket family)
Rockets	Feng Bao 1 Long March 1 1D Long March 2 2A 2C 2D 2E 2F Long March 3 3A 3B 3B/E 3C Long March 4 4A 4B 4C Long March 5 5B Long March 6 6A 6C Long March 7 7A Long March 8 8A Long March 9 Long March 10 Long March 11 11H Long March 12
Launch sites	Jiuquan Taiyuan Wenchang Commercial Xichang
Manufacturers	China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
Designers	Wang Xiji
List of Long March launches

Chinese launch systems

Sounding rockets

Orbital launch vehicles

Active	Ceres 1 1S Gravity-1 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 Kaituozhe 2 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Kinetica 1 Long March CZ-2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 OS-M1 Tianlong-2 Zhuque 2E
In development	Ceres-2 Gravity-2 Hyperbola-3 Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 10A 12A Naga-L Nebula 1 New Line 1 OS-M2 OS-M4 Pallas 1 2 Tianlong-3 Zhuque 3
Retired	Feng Bao 1 Kaituozhe-1 Long March CZ-1 1D 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Zhuque 1 2

Chinese space program

Spaceports and landing sites	Jiuquan Taiyuan Wenchang Xichang Siziwang Banner (landing site)
Launch vehicles	Long March 1 Long March 2 Long March 3 Long March 3A Long March 3B Long March 3C Long March 4 Long March 4A Long March 4B Long March 4C Long March 5 Long March 6 Long March 7 Long March 8 Long March 9 (In development) Long March 10 (In development) Long March 11 Long March 12 Kuaizhou Kaituozhe
Exploration programs	Shuguang (cancelled) CMS (human spaceflight) Chang'e (lunar exploration) Tiangong (space station) Tianwen (interplanetary exploration)

Projects and missions

Science

Planetary science	Chang'e 1(2007–2009) Chang'e 2(2010–2014) Yinghuo 1†(2011) Chang'e 3(2013–2016) Yutu rover(2013–2016) Chang'e 5-T1(2014–2020) Chang'e 4(2018–present) Yutu-2 rover(2018–present) Tianwen-1(2020–present) Chang'e 5(2020) Zhurong rover(2021–present) Chang'e 6(2024) Tianwen-2(2025– present) Chang'e 7(2026) Chang'e 8(2028) Tianwen-3(2028) Tianwen-4(2029)
Astronomy and cosmology	DAMPE(2015–present) HXMT(2017–present) GECAM(2020–present) CHASE(2021–present) ASO-S(2022–present) Einstein Probe(2024–present) SVOM(2024–present) Xuntian(2026) Solar Polar Orbit Observatory(2029) Space Solar Telescope
Earth observation	Ziyuan Series (CBERS)(1999–present) Haiyang Series(2002–present) Double Star(2003–2007) Yaogan Series(2006–present) Gaofen Series(2013–present) TanSat(2016–present) CSES(2018–present) SMILE(2025)

Human
spaceflight

Uncrewed expeditions	Shenzhou 1 Shenzhou 2 Shenzhou 3 Shenzhou 4 Shenzhou 8
Crewed expeditions	Shenzhou 5 Shenzhou 6 Shenzhou 7 Shenzhou 9 Shenzhou 10 Shenzhou 11 Shenzhou 12 Shenzhou 13 Shenzhou 14 Shenzhou 15 Shenzhou 16 Shenzhou 17 Shenzhou 18 Shenzhou 19 Shenzhou 20 Shenzhou 21 (List of Chinese astronauts)
Space laboratories and cargos	Tiangong 1(2011–2018) Tiangong 2(2016–2019) Tianzhou 1(2017) Tianzhou 2(2021) Tianzhou 3(2021) Tianzhou 4(2022) Tianzhou 5(2022) Tianzhou 6(2023)
Tiangong space station modules	Tianhe(2021–present) Wentian(2022–present) Mengtian(2022–present)

Navigation

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)

Telecommunications

Apstar Series(1994–present)
Chinasat Series(1994–present)
Guowang(2022–present)
Tianlian I(2008–present)
Tianlian II(2019–present)
Queqiao(2018–present)
Queqiao 2(2024–present)
Qianfan(2024–present)
Tiandu 1 and 2(2024–present)

Technology
demonstrators

FSW Program(1969–2006)
Shijian Series(1971–present)
QUESS(2016–present)
XPNAV 1(2016–present)
Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft(2020)

Lanyue Lunar Lander

Future missions marked initalics. Failed missions marked with † sign

Spaceflight lists and timelines

Timeline of spaceflight

General

Human spaceflight

General	Crewed spacecraft timeline by program Spaceflights 1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990 1991–2000 2001–2010 2011–2020 2021–present Soviet Russian Vostok and Voskhod Soyuz Mercury Gemini Apollo Skylab Shenzhou Gaganyaan Spacelab Artemis Civilian spaceflight Orbital Suborbital
Salyut	Expeditions Spaceflights crewed uncrewed Spacewalks Visitors
Mir	Expeditions ESA Spaceflights crewed uncrewed Spacewalks Visitors
ISS	Expeditions ESA Visiting Spaceflights crewed uncrewed Spacewalks Visitors Deployed
Tiangong	Expeditions Crewed Spaceflights Spacewalks
Shuttle	Crews Missions Rollbacks
People	Astronauts by name by year of selection Apollo Gemini Mercury Chinese Asian European Cosmonauts women Muslim Arab African American Ibero-America Space scientists Space travelers by name by first flight by nationality billionaires timeline by nationality Spaceflight-related human fatalities
EVA	1965–1999 2000–2014 2015–2024 2025–present Cumulative spacewalk records Longest spacewalks Spacewalkers

Solar System
exploration

Earth-orbiting
satellites

Vehicles

Launches
by rocket type

Launches by spaceport

Satish Dhawan

Agencies, companies
and facilities

Other mission lists
and timelines

Rocket families

Carrier rockets

China	Long March 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 Kuaizhou
Europe / ESA	Ariane Diamant Europa Vega Miura 1 5
India	PSLV GSLV LVM3
Japan	Epsilon H-II /H-IIA /H-IIB Mu
South Korea	KSLV 1 2 3
Soviet Union / Russia	Angara Kosmos N1 Proton R-7 Molniya Soyuz Vostok Universal Rocket
Soviet Union / Ukraine	Tsyklon Zenit
United States	Antares Athena Atlas Delta Electron Falcon 1 9 Heavy Jupiter Minotaur Pegasus Saturn Scout Titan Thor
Other nations	Safir Shavit Unha

Sounding rockets

Missiles

Some families include both missiles and carrier rockets; they are listed in both groups.

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Eris^† Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C New Glenn Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB Spectrum^† SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2E
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Blue Whale 1 Ceres-2 Cyclone-4M Deca Eclipse Epsilon S Gravity-2 HANBIT-NANO Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kinetica 2 2H 3 KSLV-III Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Miura 5 Neutron New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf RFA One SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIA H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 2-1v Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 RS1^† Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^† 2
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)