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London has been used frequently both as afilming location and as a filmsetting. These have ranged from historical recreations of theVictorian London ofCharles Dickens andSherlock Holmes, to the romantic comedies ofBridget Jones's Diary andNotting Hill, by way of crime films, spy thrillers,science fiction and the "swinging London" films of the 1960s.

Because of thedominant role played by the city in theBritish culture, the number ofBritish films set in London is huge. It has also been used many times inAmerican films, and often recreated on aHollywood studiobacklot.

Historical recreations of London on screen have been relatively frequent. TheTudor,Victorian,Edwardian and Second World War periods in the city's history have all been regularly depicted.

London in theElizabethan Era has often been portrayed in films, includingFire Over England (1937),The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939), andElizabeth (1998). Much ofShakespeare in Love (1998), a comedy involving Shakespeare in a fictionalised romance, was set around the originalGlobe Theatre,^[1] as wasLaurence Olivier's 1944Henry V.

TheTudor period has also been shown in other films, including the 1966 film ofRobert Bolt's playA Man for All Seasons, the 1990s adaptation ofOrlando and various versions ofMark Twain'sThe Prince and the Pauper.

Cromwell (1970) is one of the few films to show the city during theEnglish Civil War, but several have been set during the subsequent restoration of the monarchy underCharles II. These includeNell Gwyn (1937),Forever Amber (1947) andStage Beauty (2003). The 1995 filmRestoration incorporates both theGreat Plague and theGreat Fire of 1665-66.

Late 18th and early 19th century London has been seen in a number of films, includingLady Hamilton (1941),Lady Caroline Lamb (1972),A Bequest to the Nation (1973),Princess Caraboo (1994),Sense and Sensibility (1995), and the various versions ofThe Scarlet Pimpernel.

One of the most popular images of the city is the Victorian era ofCharles Dickens,Jack the Ripper andSherlock Holmes. There have been almost 200 films based on the novels of Charles Dickens alone, beginning with the silent short filmDeath of Nancy Sykes in 1897. The most memorable of these are probably the musicalOliver! and the twoDavid Lean films ofOliver Twist (1948) andGreat Expectations (1946). Other film adaptations includeDavid Copperfield in1935 and1969,Nicholas Nickleby in1947 and2002,The Pickwick Papers in 1952 andLittle Dorrit in 1987. There have also been many versions of Dickens'A Christmas Carol, of which the 1951 Alastair Sim filmScrooge is often considered definitive.^[2]

Many films have also been made of theSherlock Holmes stories byArthur Conan Doyle.Basil Rathbone played Holmes in a series of American films from 1939 to 1946, with London recreated in Hollywood at20th Century Fox and laterUniversal Studios. Other notable Holmes films which have strongly featured London backgrounds and locations areYoung Sherlock Holmes (1985),Billy Wilder'sThe Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), and the comediesThe Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother (1975) andWithout a Clue (1988), as well as innumerabletelevision films.

Holmes also dealt with the notoriousWhitechapel serial killerJack the Ripper inA Study in Terror in 1965 andMurder by Decree in 1978. The Ripper was also featured inPandora's Box (1929),Jack the Ripper (1959),Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde (1971),Hands of the Ripper (1971),From Hell (2001) and several versions ofThe Lodger, includingHitchcock's silent film of 1926.

Much of the action in theBram Stoker novelDracula takes place in London, although several film adaptations have set it elsewhere. One notable exception isBram Stoker's Dracula (1992), directed byFrancis Ford Coppola.

Other films set in Victorian London include the 1945 version ofThe Picture of Dorian Gray,Victoria the Great (1937),Sixty Glorious Years (1938),The Mudlark (1950),The Wrong Box (1966),The Assassination Bureau (1968),The First Great Train Robbery (1978),Topsy-Turvy (1999),An Ideal Husband (1999),Shanghai Knights (2003), the1956 version and2004 version ofAround the World in Eighty Days, the black-and-white filmThe Elephant Man (1980), based on the life ofJoseph Merrick, and recentlyThe Prestige (2005), set in the late Victorian era.^[3]

Other British cities, such asEdinburgh, or locations in other countries, are now often used for period films instead of filming in London itself.From Hell (2001),The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003) andRoman Polanski's 2005 film ofOliver Twist all recreated Victorian London inPrague in the Czech Republic.

Edwardian London has been depicted in several films, notably 2010 Academy Award Winner for Best PictureThe King's Speech,Ealing comedyKind Hearts and Coronets in 1949, theMerchant IvoryE. M. Forster adaptationHowards End (1992) and the biopicYoung Winston (1972).

Wartime London has featured in many films, withThe Man Who Loved Redheads andZeppelin (1971) among those set during theFirst World War. The 1943 filmThe Life and Death of Colonel Blimp covered 40 years in the city, including theEdwardian era, the First World War and the Second World War. Several others made during theSecond World War itself, featured London locations, includingMillions Like Us (1943) andWaterloo Road (1944).The Blitz featured prominently in theEaling dramaThe Bells Go Down (1943), and inHumphrey Jennings'drama-documentaryFires Were Started (1943). The latter featured realfiremen recreating scenes from the bombings. At the same time, a number of London-set films were being made in Hollywood, likeWaterloo Bridge (1940),Mrs. Miniver (1942) andForever and a Day (1943). The latter followed several generations of owners of a London house until 1943. Later films set in the city during World War II includeThe Man Who Never Was (1955),I Was Monty's Double (1958),Battle of Britain (1969),Hanover Street (1979),Hope and Glory (1987),Shining Through (1992) andThe End of the Affair (1999), as well as some low-budget Italian-made war films likeEagles Over London (1969) andFrom Hell to Victory (1979).

The 1950s has been recreated in several films including84 Charing Cross Road (1987) andShadowlands (1993). The 1960s has proved particularly popular with film makers in recent years, especially for crime films likeBuster (1988),Scandal (1989),The Krays (1990),Honest (2000) andGangster No. 1 (2000).Withnail and I (1987) economically recreated theCamden Town area in the 1960s.

TheEaling comedies of the 1940s and 1950s made repeated use of locations in the city.Hue and Cry (1947) andPassport to Pimlico (1949) were memorably set in the ruins and bombsites of post-war London. In the 1950sThe Lavender Hill Mob made extensive use of London locations, as did the dramasThe Blue Lamp andPool of London, whileThe Ladykillers usedKing's Cross Station and its surrounding marshalling yards as the backdrop to its story. The 1952 filmThe Happy Family is set on theSouth Bank during the lead up to theFestival of Britain.

Many other comedies have used locations in the city, some of the best known beingThe Ghosts of Berkeley Square (1947),Doctor in the House (1954),The Horse's Mouth (1958),Mars Attacks!,Independence Day: Resurgence,Nuns on the Run,Mr. Bean,Bedazzled (1967),Brassed Off (1996),Billy Elliott (2000) andBend It Like Beckham (2002).

With new developments in music, cinema and fashion, London found itself the centre of youth culture in the 1960s. The image of "swinging London", partly a creation ofTime magazine, helped to fuel a production boom in the British film industry throughout the decade.The Beatles made memorable use of locations in the city inA Hard Day's Night (1964) (#1 in U.S.), and a huge number of other London-set films followed. These includedThe Pumpkin Eater,The Knack ...and How to Get It,Darling,Arabesque,Kaleidoscope,Georgy Girl,Morgan!,Alfie,Blowup,I'll Never Forget What's'isname,Casino Royale,Poor Cow,Up the Junction,Bedazzled,To Sir, with Love,The Jokers,Otley,Wonderwall,Smashing Time,Salt and Pepper andThe Italian Job.

The city has often been used as the backdrop for romances likeIndiscreet (1958) withCary Grant andIngrid Bergman andA Touch of Class (1973), and has become popular for romantic comedies in recent years. This is at least partly due to the television and film writerRichard Curtis, who has written some of the most successful British films of recent years —The Tall Guy (1989),Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994),Notting Hill (1999) andLove Actually (2003),^[4] all set or partly set in the city. The films follow the awkward love lives of largely upper-middle class characters (aside fromThe Tall Guy, always including one played byHugh Grant). The majority of theBridget Jones films are set and shot in London.^[5]

Curtis has been criticised for pandering to the American market by playing to thestereotype of the English as posh, socially awkward eccentrics. This hasn't stopped the films generally being a huge success in the American and British cinema box office charts. Other films which have followed in Curtis's footsteps includeSliding Doors (1998),Martha, Meet Frank, Daniel and Laurence (1998),About a Boy (2002),Wimbledon, and the American filmWhat a Girl Wants (2002).Londinium (2001) used locations inBerkeley Square,Mayfair,Hyde Park,Primrose Hill Park and atWaterloo station.Man Up (2015) is mostly set in the city with focus on theSouth Bank.

Natalie Portman,Julia Roberts,Jude Law andClive Owen conducted their affairs around various parts of London inCloser (2004), which uses locations such as Clerkenwell, the London Aquarium, Bloomsbury, the River Thames and the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane.

Woody Allen'sMatch Point (2005), uses a very up-market view of the city to reflect the upper class lives of the protagonists, including locations in Notting Hill,Belgravia,Chelsea,St. James's Park andTate Modern.

Alfred Hitchcock probably started the fashion for using London landmarks for spy films, starting withBlackmail in 1929, which was set entirely in the city and finished on the dome of theBritish Museum. Many of his other thrillers followed a similar pattern, includingThe Man Who Knew Too Much (both the1934 and1956 versions),The 39 Steps (1935),Sabotage (1937),Foreign Correspondent (1940),Stage Fright (1950) andFrenzy (1972). London has since featured in many other thrillers, includingHunted (1952)The Yellow Balloon (1953)Sapphire (1959),Bunny Lake Is Missing (1965),The IPCRESS File (1965),The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965),The Deadly Affair (1966),Arabesque (1966),The Black Windmill (1974),The Whistle Blower (1987),The Fourth Protocol (1987),Blue Ice (1992),The Innocent Sleep (1995) and briefly inMission: Impossible (1996) and the Bollywood feature filmBade Miyan Chote Miyan (2024). This trend was spoofed in the filmsOtley (1968) withTom Courtenay, and more recently inThe Man Who Knew Too Little (1997) withBill Murray and theAustin Powers films (#1 in U.S. box office).Anthony Minghella's filmBreaking and Entering (2006) withJude Law is named also aRomantic drama.

Landmarks featured in some of these films include theRoyal Albert Hall,Westminster Abbey andTrafalgar Square. BothNight of the Demon (1957) andThe IPCRESS File (1965) feature scenes filmed in the famous reading room at theBritish Museum. The 1978 version ofThe Thirty Nine Steps features a climax on the clock face ofBig Ben, an idea borrowed from the 1943Will Hay comedyMy Learned Friend. A similar scene features in the 2003Jackie Chan filmShanghai Knights.

Several American thrillers have also produced mangled versions of London's geography, including23 Paces to Baker Street (1956),Midnight Lace (1960) andThe Mummy Returns (2001) (#1 in U.S.), which features a chase acrossTower Bridge on adouble-decker bus and several scenes inside theBritish Museum. The 1944 version ofThe Lodger also features a scene by Tower Bridge, although the film was set several years before it was built.

Britain's most famous spy,James Bond, generally spends little time in London, other than to receive his orders from his boss 'M'. However, some of the films do feature locations in the city. These includeOn Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) (#1 in U.S.) in whichGeorge Lazenby as Bond visits theCollege of Arms andFor Your Eyes Only (1981) (#1 in U.S.), in whichRoger Moore experiences a hair-raising helicopter flight over theDocklands area. In the more recentPierce Brosnan films, the Secret Service's headquarters are identified as being the newMI6 building on theRiver Thames atVauxhall. The 1999 filmThe World Is Not Enough (#1 in U.S.) opens with an extended boat chase from the MI6 building down the river to theMillennium Dome, while inDie Another Day (2002) (#1 in U.S.) Bond visits a secret base in a disused Underground station, and makes a rare trip to his clubBlades. Also in the 2012 Bond movieSkyfall^[1] (#1 in U.S.), Bond spends more time in London. First while he visits M's house to get back to service. Then to new underground office of MI6, then to the Art Gallery to meet the new Quartermaster. After returning from Shanghai also, Bond spends time in London before going to Scotland. He chases Silva in London Tube and other areas in London. Also at the end of Movie, Bond sees London from his office terrace. The 1967 version ofCasino Royale makes extensive use of London locations, including10 Downing Street,Whitehall,Trafalgar Square (withNelson's Column replaced by aflying saucer) as well as showing theChanging of the Guard outsideBuckingham Palace.

Parts of Christopher Nolan'sThe Dark Knight Rises (2012) (#1 in U.S.) were also filmed in London.^[6]

London's underground railway system, known asthe Tube, has featured in several films. The plot of the1998 filmSliding Doors hinges on whetherGwyneth Paltrow's character catches a particular Tube train or not.Bulldog Jack (1934),Man Hunt (1941),The Good Die Young (1954), and28 Weeks Later (2007) all include chase sequences across underground tracks.

A number of horror films have also used the subterranean network of tunnels as an atmospheric location, most notably theJohn Landis hitAn American Werewolf in London (1981) (#1 in U.S.), which contains a famous scene set inTottenham Court Road tube station, and the 2004 filmCreep. The eerie1973 horrorDeath Line starsDonald Pleasence as a Scotland Yard detective who traces a series of murders to cannibals living in the network's tunnels.

Excavations on the Underground unearthed an ancient alien spacecraft inQuatermass and the Pit (1967), and dormant dragons inReign of Fire (2002).

The2002James Bond filmDie Another Day features a secretMI6 facility in a fictional disused Underground Station called Vauxhall Cross. The2012 Bond filmSkyfall sets a long chase scene in the London Underground near a makeshift underground MI6 base near theOld Bailey. Another fictional station, Hobbs End, features in the 1967science fiction filmQuatermass and the Pit.Deleted scenes forShaun of the Dead features the fictionalCrouch End station.

Other films to have featured the Underground includePassport to Pimlico (1949),The Yellow Balloon (1953),Georgy Girl (1966),The Fourth Protocol (1987),Hidden City (1988) andTube Tales (1999). The makers of the children's filmThe Boy Who Turned Yellow (1972) managed to persuade London Underground to paint a tube train yellow.

A rare recreation of the network in theEdwardian era featured in the adaptation ofHenry James'sThe Wings of the Dove in1997. The London underground of the 1920s is also recorded inAnthony Asquith's silent classicUnderground (1928), while the 1969 filmBattle of Britain shows the tunnel network converted to provide shelter for Londoners during the Blitz.

Aldwych tube station, formerly on a branch of thePiccadilly line, has been used as the location for many films and television productions, especially since the branch and station closed in 1994 and the platforms have been left intact making it suitable for filming and photography purposes, due to the absence of a regular train service. A 1970s tube train permanently is based at the station and heritage rolling stock can be brought in for filming - London Underground have retained one of their 1938 trains which can be used for historic appearances. In more recent years filming has also taken place at the former Jubilee line platforms at Charing Cross station,^[7] which were withdrawn from regular use when the line was extended in 1999 avoiding the station.

Nigel Kneale'sQuatermass films andtelevision series helped to popularise London as the setting for science fiction stories.The Quatermass Xperiment (1955) ends with Professor Quatermass cornering an alien monster inWestminster Abbey, whileQuatermass and the Pit (1967) begins with an alien space craft being discovered during the construction of a newLondon Underground station. TheJohn Wyndham novelThe Day of the Triffids was made into afilm in 1962 which also features scenes in London, while the much-derided 1985 filmLifeforce involved vampires from space taking over the city.

The 1950 thrillerSeven Days to Noon featured a scientist who threatens to destroy London with a nuclear bomb, and was notable for its scenes of the city's evacuated and deserted streets. Despite the great difficulties involved in achieving this, the feat was repeated for the horror film28 Days Later in 2002, which begins with the hero waking from a coma and wandering across a desertedWestminster Bridge.^[1]

Another nuclear threat was explored inThe Day the Earth Caught Fire (1961) which has many notable scenes in London, including the Thames running dry. It also includes a lot of scenes inside the old Express Building onFleet Street andArthur Christiansen, the recently retired editor of theDaily Express, effectively plays himself.

BothThings to Come (1936) andThe Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005) begin with the city being destroyed, by war and alien attack respectively, while the 2004 horror comedyShaun of the Dead is set in the city during a zombie attack.

The 1960 filmThe Time Machine, based on the novel byH. G. Wells, featured an inventor in Victorian London named H. George Wells (played byRod Taylor) who builds a time machine andtime travels all the way to the year October 12, 802,701 where he finds that the human race has divided into two species - the surface dwellingEloi and the underground dwellingMorlocks. While there, George falls in love with one of the Eloi namedWeena (played byYvette Mimieux).

The 1966 filmDaleks' Invasion Earth: 2150 A.D., based on theDoctor Who storyThe Dalek Invasion of Earth from 1964, is set in part in a future version of London, which has been nearly destroyed by alien invasion.

Futuristic London is terrorized in the 2006 filmV for Vendetta (#1 in U.S.) by a mysterious, maskedanarchist who wishes to destroy thefascist government. The film was based on thegraphic novelV for Vendetta. InChildren of Men (2006), the London of 2027 is a grim place, full of refugees, armed policemen and exploding bombs.^[8] Locations used includeTate Britain,Battersea Power Station,the Mall andAdmiralty Arch.

TheBollywood sci-fi Superhero adventureRa.One begins in London, where the protagonist Dr. Shekhar Subramanium (played byShahrukh Khan) works at the fictional Barron Industries. Much of the film was shot in various parts of the city.

Recently,Attack the Block (2011) features a gang protecting their housing estate from an alien invasion,^[1] 2013 American science fiction filmStar Trek Into Darkness is partially set in London of the distant future.

Historic periods in the city's underworld have been portrayed in a small number of films. Examples includeWhere's Jack? (17th century),The First Great Train Robbery (Victorian era),Chicago Joe and the Showgirl (World War II) andThe Krays (the 1960s), while10 Rillington Place (1971) recreated 1940s London, filming in the actual street whereJohn Christie carried out his infamous murders.

Other films have evoked London's underworld in the modern era, includingRobbery (1967),Performance (1970),Villain (1971),Brannigan (1975),Sweeney! (1977),The Long Good Friday (1980),Mona Lisa (1986),Face (1997),Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998),G:MT – Greenwich Mean Time (1999),Snatch (2000),Sexy Beast (2000) andLayer Cake (2004), andBlue Story (2019).^[1]

Set in a dystopian near-future Britain,A Clockwork Orange (1971), featuring youth gangs, was filmed in metropolitan London.^[9]

A number of films have depicted the underbelly of the city away from the familiar tourist sites. Examples of these includeUp the Junction,Follow Me!,Nil by Mouth,Dirty Pretty Things,Eastern Promises and two out of every three films directed byMike Leigh. TheEast End meanwhile, was shown inThe Man Who Knew Too Much (1934),Waterloo Road (1944),It Always Rains on Sunday (1947) andA Kid for Two Farthings (1955), among others.

The 1967 documentaryThe London Nobody Knows, based on the book of the same name byGeoffrey Scowcroft Fletcher and presented byJames Mason, attempted to show some unfamiliar aspects of the city, as did Patrick Keiller's1994 documentaryLondon. This approach has since been emulated by theSaint Etienne filmsFinisterre (2002) andWhat Have You Done Today, Mervyn Day? (2005). The latter attempted to capture the state of theLower Lea Valley prior to its transformation ahead of the 2012 London Olympics.

Other films have tried to use less familiar locations in a new way. The 1995 version ofRichard III, starringIan McKellen, which is set in a fictional 1930s fascist version of England, makes imaginative use of London locations such as St Cuthbert's church, St Pancras chambers (the old Midland Grand Hotel), theUniversity of London's Senate House, and the twoGilbert Scottpower stations —Bankside serving for the Tower and the decrepitBattersea Power Station as the setting for the final battle scenes.Terry Gilliam's1985Orwellian fantasyBrazil also used the cooling towers of the same power station as a location, as didMichael Radford's1984 film version ofGeorge Orwell's novelNineteen Eighty-Four.

London Kills Me (1991) portrays the city's immigrant and drug subcultures in the earlyThatcher years, in a similar vein asMy Beautiful Laundrette (1985). The 2007 film by Ken LoachIt's a Free World... considered the ethical dilemmas regarding London's vast trade in illegal workers.

The acclaimed 1996 filmBeautiful Thing depicted the lives of two gay teenagers living on the South London housing estate ofThamesmead. Similar themes, as well as race, were part of the 1970s setYoung Soul Rebels, the debut ofDerek Jarman protegeIsaac Julien (1991).

Recent films includeBreaking and Entering, a2006romantic drama, byAcademy Award-winningdirectorAnthony Minghella, shot and set inKing's Cross, ablighted, inner-city neighbourhood of London, examines an affair which unfolds between a successfulBritishlandscape architect and aBosnian woman. The mother inBreaking and Entering has a troubled teenage son who was widowed by thewar in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Rocks (2019) follows an abandoned teenage girl in a coming of age story.^[1]

London has been a popular location for children's (and especiallyDisney) films over the last 40 years. The animated featuresThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949),Peter Pan (1953),One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961),The Sword in the Stone (1963) andBasil, the Great Mouse Detective (known in North America asThe Great Mouse Detective) (1986) were all set in the city, as wereMary Poppins (1964) (#1 in U.S.) and part ofBedknobs and Broomsticks (1971). These, however, were all filmed in the U.S.. The opening setting ofPocahontas (1995) is in London. The educational Disney shortThe Truth About Mother Goose (1957) featured London while showing the history behind thenursery rhymesLittle Jack Horner andLondon Bridge Is Falling Down. TheMickey Mouse shortsMickey's Christmas Carol (1983) andThe Prince and the Pauper (1990) were set in London.

Recent animated features set in London includeFlushed Away (2006), the protagonist, Roddy, is fromSouth Kensington, and is transported to a recreated London in the London sewers.^[10]Cars 2 (2011) was partly set in London.

In more recent yearsThe Parent Trap (1998 version),^[11]Winning London,The Great Muppet Caper, the1996 live-action remake of101 Dalmatians (#1 in U.S.) and the2018 filmChristopher Robin all used actual locations in the city, as did the 1975 Disney comedyOne of Our Dinosaurs is Missing, which was largely set around theNatural History Museum in the early 20th century.The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992) was set in Victorian London, but largely usedShepperton Studios. The filmMelody (1970) (also known asS.W.A.L.K.) was filmed in and around Lambeth and Vauxhall and reunitedMark Lester andJack Wild after their appearance inOliver!.

TheHarry Potter films (#1 in U.S. box office) also feature some famous London locations. TheLondon Zoo,King's Cross station, andLeadenhall Market (Diagon Alley) are among those used.^[12]

Stormbreaker, the first novel in the bestsellingAlex Rider series byAnthony Horowitz, was turnedinto a film in 2006. It features locations in London such asHyde Park,Piccadilly Circus, and theScience Museum. The film also features several action sequences in the city, including a horse chase through central London and the main characters fighting on the rooftop of a skyscraper.

Live-action animated films set in London include thePaddington film series which features several London locations, and includes modern landmarks such asThe Shard and theLondon Eye,^[13]Peter Rabbit,^[14] and theParamount film,Sonic the Hedgehog 3, is filmed and set in London.^[15]

Cliff Richard was a film star with three successful musical comedies in the early 1960s. The first of these,The Young Ones (1961), was set in London. Cliff,The Shadows, and others need money to save their youth club, so they set up apirate radio station to generate publicity for the show. Although Cliff's second hit,Summer Holiday (1963), mostly took place while driving across Europe, it prominently featured a red LondonAEC RT bus.

The success of some of these 1960s films helped to make up forLondon Town, Britain's firstTechnicolor musical, which was a high-profile flop in 1946.

Mary Poppins (1964) was a critical and popular success, winning multiple Oscars for its editing, music (including Best Song for "Chim Chim Cher-ee"), and visual effects (notably the scene combining live action and animation). Lead actressJulie Andrews won anAcademy Award for Best Actress.

Also in 1964,Audrey Hepburn starred inMy Fair Lady, the film of the musical of theGeorge Bernard Shaw playPygmalion.George Cukor's decision to award the role of Eliza Doolittle to Hepburn was perceived by many as a snub to Julie Andrews, who had played the part to great acclaim onBroadway. This is another film with some famous songs, includingWouldn't it be Loverly,I Could have Danced all Night andGet Me to the Church on Time.Marni Nixon's voice was used in place of Audrey Hepburn's for the songs.

InHalf a Sixpence (1967), professional cheery cockneyTommy Steele plays Arthur Kipps, a cockney who unexpectedly comes into some money, in a musical version of H. G. Wells's novelKipps.

Oliver! (1968), the musical based onOliver Twist, includes the songsFood, Glorious Food,Consider Yourself andYou've Got To Pick A Pocket Or Two. Two more Dickens stories turned into musicals wereA Christmas Carol (filmed asScrooge in 1970) andThe Old Curiosity Shop, which becameMr Quilp in 1975.

The musical adaptation ofGoodbye, Mr. Chips withPeter O'Toole andPetula Clark made use of several London locations, including the dining room at theSavoy Hotel and theSalisbury pub in the heart of theWest End.

Quadrophenia (1979) draws its soundtrack from thealbum of the same name, arock opera byThe Who. It tells the story of Jimmy, a disaffected teenager, taking his scooter toBrighton for the Augustbank holiday with a group ofMods, and taking part in one of the notorious 'battles' betweenMods and Rockers.

Punk, one of London's notable contributions topop music, is the subject ofSid and Nancy (1986), a biopic ofSid Vicious, bassist with theSex Pistols.Gary Oldman stars as Vicious. Also see the punk-rockumentaries directed byJulien Temple, the first being band managerMalcolm McLaren's take on 'his' invention of punk in hisThe Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle and the more recent return volley by the estranged band members inThe Filth and the Fury.

The South Londonreggae scene is notably represented inBabylon (1980).^[16]

SpiceWorld (1997) was a comedy starring pop girl group theSpice Girls. It was a commercial success but widely panned by critics.

Early Victorian London was the setting for 2007's musicalSweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.

K-On! The Movie (2011) is the first Japanese animated musical film to be set in London, as it features a band whose music is inspired by British rock music. The band performs their original songs atJubilee Gardens.

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