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Lomography, or simplylomo, is a photographic style which involves taking spontaneous photographs with minimal attention to technical details. Lomographic images often exploit the unpredictable, non-standard optical traits oftoy cameras (such as light leaks and irregular lens alignment), and non-standardfilm processing techniques for aesthetic effect.[1][2] Similar-looking techniques with digital photography, often involving "lomo" image filters in post-processing, may also be considered lomographic.[3]
"Lomography" is claimed as a commercial trademark byLomographische GmbH. However, it has become agenericised trademark; mostcamera phone photo editorapps include a "lomo"filter.[3]
While cheap plastictoy cameras using film often used in lomography were and are produced by multiple manufacturers, Lomography is named after the Soviet-era cameras produced byLeningradskoyeOptiko-MekhanicheskoyeObyedinenie. Formerly astate-run optics manufacturer, LOMO privatised following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and became LOMO PLC. The company created and produced the 35 mmLOMO LC-A Compact Automat camera, now central to the lomography movement. This camera was loosely based upon theCosina CX-1 introduced in the early 1980s.[4] The LOMO LC-A produces "unique, colorful, and sometimes blurry" images.[5]
Lomography has been a highly social pursuit since 1992, with local and international events organised byLomographische GmbH. Lomographische, doing business as Lomography, is also a commercial company selling analogue cameras, films and accessories.[2] The company continues to promote the Lomographic style; however, it is not necessary to use the company's products to take lomographic photos.[3]
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Lomographische GmbH, doing business as Lomography, is a commercial company headquartered inVienna, Austria, which sells cameras, accessories, and film.[2] It hosts local and international events through its non-profit division, theLomographic Society International. The company is the namesake of the lomography genre of experimental photography.
The Lomographic Society International was founded in 1992 by a group ofViennese students interested in the LC-A.[6][7][8] Lomography started as an art movement through which the students put on exhibitions of photos; the art movement then developed into the Lomographische AG, a commercial enterprise.[8]
Lomography signed an exclusive distribution agreement with LOMO PLC in 1995—becoming the sole distributor of all LOMO LC-A cameras outside of the formerSoviet Union.[9] The new company reached an agreement with the deputy mayor of St Petersburg, the future Russian Prime Minister and President,Vladimir Putin, to receive atax break in order to keep the LOMO factory in the city open.[2]
Since the introduction of the original LOMO LC-A, Lomography has produced a line of their own film cameras. In 2005, production of the original LOMO LC-A was discontinued. Its replacement, the LOMO LC-A+, was introduced in 2006. The new camera, made in China rather than Russia, featured the original Russian lens manufactured by LOMO PLC.[10] This changed as of mid-2007 with the lens now made in China as well. In 2012 the LC-A+ camera was re-released as a special edition.[11] It costs ten times the original secondhand value of the old LOMO LC-A.[2]
The Lomographic Society International (Lomography) has moved on to produce their own range of analogue cameras, films and accessories. Lomography has also released products catered to digital devices, such as the Smartphone Film Scanner;[12] and several lenses such as the Daguerreotype Achromat lens collection[13] for analogue and digital SLR cameras withCanon EF,Nikon F orPentax K mounts, inspired by 19th centuryDaguerreotype photography. In 2013, together with Zenit, Lomography produced a new version of the Petzval Lens designed to work with Canon EF and Nikon F mount SLR cameras.
Some have questioned the pricing of Lomography's plastic "toy" cameras,[14] which run from US$100[14] to $400.[2]
Cameras that have been marketed by Lomography:
The company produces35 mm,120 and110 film in color negative,black and white as well asredscale. Lomography also produces its own range of experimental color-shifting film called LomoChrome.[18]
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