Livingston, Texas | |
|---|---|
 Livingston City Hall at 220 West Church Street | |
 Location of Livingston, Texas | |
| Coordinates:30°42′36″N94°56′17″W / 30.71000°N 94.93806°W /30.71000; -94.93806 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Texas |
| County | Polk |
| Established | October 3, 1902 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council / Manager |
| Area | |
• Total | 8.74 sq mi (22.64 km2) |
| • Land | 8.73 sq mi (22.61 km2) |
| • Water | 0.012 sq mi (0.03 km2) |
| Elevation | 184 ft (56 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 5,640 |
| • Density | 600.5/sq mi (231.85/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 77351, 77399 |
| Area code | 936 |
| FIPS code | 48-43132[3] |
| GNIS feature ID | 2412903[2] |
| Website | Livingston City website |
Livingston is a town in and thecounty seat ofPolk County, Texas, United States. With a population of 5,640 at the2020 census, it is the largest city in Polk County.[4] It is located approximately 46 miles (74 km) south ofLufkin and roughly 74 miles (119 km) northeast ofHouston. The city was originally settled in 1835 as Springfield. Its name was changed in 1846 to Livingston, when it was designated as the county seat of Polk County.[5]
TheAlabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation is located to the east of Livingston. They traditionally occupied territory in what is now east Texas and Louisiana. The2000 census reported a resident population of 480 persons within the reservation. The tribe has nearly 1200 enrolled members.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 8.4 square miles (22 km2), of which 8.4 sq mi (22 km2) are land and 0.12% is covered by water. However, the town of Livingston is approximately 10 mi (16 km) east ofLake Livingston, which is the largest drinking-waterreservoir in Texas.
The zip code is 77351 for the general area of Livingston.
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 135 | — | |
| 1920 | 928 | — | |
| 1930 | 1,165 | 25.5% | |
| 1940 | 1,851 | 58.9% | |
| 1950 | 2,865 | 54.8% | |
| 1960 | 3,398 | 18.6% | |
| 1970 | 3,965 | 16.7% | |
| 1980 | 4,928 | 24.3% | |
| 1990 | 5,019 | 1.8% | |
| 2000 | 5,433 | 8.2% | |
| 2010 | 5,335 | −1.8% | |
| 2020 | 5,640 | 5.7% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[6] | |||
| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White (NH) | 3,103 | 55.02% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 997 | 17.68% |
| Native American orAlaska Native (NH) | 28 | 0.5% |
| Asian (NH) | 96 | 1.7% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 20 | 0.35% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 199 | 3.53% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1,197 | 21.22% |
| Total | 5,640 |
As of the2020 United States census, there were 5,640 people, 1,951 households, and 1,268 families residing in the town.
The population in the 2010 census was 5,335, and was estimated to be 5,128 in 2018.[10]As of thecensus[3] of 2000, the population density was 649.9 inhabitants per square mile (250.9/km2). The 2,358 housing units averaged 282.1 per square mile (108.9/km2). Theracial makeup of the town was 70.38% White, 18.50% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 8.08% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. About 13.90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 2,048 households, 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were not families. About 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the town, the population was distributed as 27.7% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,424, and for a family was $37,868. Males had a median income of $30,318 versus $21,774 for females. Theper capita income for the town was $17,214. About 18.2% of families and 22.3% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over.
In the 2010 Census, Livingston lost 1.8% of its population.2010 Census for Livingston, Texas
TheUnited States Postal Service operates the Livingston Post Office.[11]
TheLivingston Municipal Airport, operated by the City of Livingston, is located inWest Livingston.[12][13]
Nearby West Livingston has theTexas Department of Criminal JusticeAllan B. Polunsky Unit.[12][14][15] Since 1999 this prison has been the location of Texas'sdeath row.[16]
A few miles outside of Livingston is the IAH Polk County Secure Adult Detention Center, which houses around 700 immigrant men daily who have been detained by federal agents ofImmigration and Customs Enforcement. Run by the private-prison companyCommunity Education Centers, the facility has frequently been criticized for its subpar treatment of migrants. It is ranked as one of the 10 worst detention centers in the nation, which are the subject of a nationwide campaign by activists to close them.[17]
Livingston has a manager-council system of government.[18] It elects a mayorat-large, and has a city council made up of members elected fromsingle-member districts. The city council hires a professional city manager to handle operations. The current mayor is Judy Cochran.[19]
The major employers in Livingston are lumber operations and the Polunsky Unit state prison in West Livingston.[20]
Livingston is the headquarters to two regional bank systems, the First National Bank and the First State Bank.
First State Bank has its main office in downtown Livingston and branches in Livingston (west side of town on Highway 190),Onalaska, andShepherd.
First National Bank has its main office on Highway 190 and branches in downtown Livingston and Onalaska.
The city's airport,Livingston Municipal Airport (LMA) is located to the southwest of the city. It is classified as a general-aviation facility serving private aircraft.
Major highways:
U.S. Highway 59.svg)
Interstate 69.
U.S. Route 190
State Highway 146The City of Livingston is served by theLivingston Independent School District.[21]
TheTexas Legislature designated Polk County as within the boundary ofAngelina College's district.[22] Polk County Community College opened in the fall of 2014. The college offers various classes and two-year associate degrees.[23]
Lake Evelyn is within the borders of Camp Cho-Yeh, which began operation in the 1940s; it continues to operate as a summer camp and retreat center. Cho-Yeh means 'land of tall pines', and was so named because of the large pine trees on the property. Cho-Yeh is also used byTexas A&M Galveston for their yearly Fish Camp to introduce TAMUG students to the traditions of the university system.[24][citation needed]
High-school basketball:
Lake Livingston was featured on the third episode of the first season of the television show,River Monsters, which aired April 19, 2009, onAnimal Planet. The host,Jeremy Wade, was searching foralligator gar.[30]
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Municipalities and communities ofPolk County, Texas,United States | ||
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| Ghost town | ||
| Indian reservation | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
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