Liu Gang | |
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| 刘刚 | |
| Born | (1961-01-30)30 January 1961 (age 64) |
| Alma mater | University of Science and Technology of China (BS) Peking University (MA) Columbia University (MA) New York University |
| Known for | Participation in the1989 Tiananmen Square protests |
| Title | Founder ofBeijing Students' Autonomous Federation |
| Liu Gang | |||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 劉剛 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 刘刚 | ||||||
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Liu Gang (Chinese: 刘刚; born 30 January 1961) is a Chinese-born American aerospace engineer, computer scientist, optical physicist, political activist, and writer. He founded theBeijing Students' Autonomous Federation. He was a prominent student leader at theTiananmen Square protests of 1989.[1] Liu holds an M.A. in physics fromPeking University and an M.A. incomputer science fromColumbia University. After his exile to the United States in 1996, Liu studied technology and physics atBell Labs inNew Jersey. Liu was employed atMorgan Stanley as aWall Street IT analyst.[2]
As an undergraduate student atUniversity of Science and Technology of China inHefei, Liu metFang Lizhi, a pro-democracy activist.[3] Then, atPeking University, Liu organized "Democracy Salons".Wang Dan later held a position there.
Liu was a 28-year-old graduate when the 1989 demonstrations began. He organized theBeijing Students' Autonomous Federation and joined the movement's organizing body. As a result, he was sixth on a list of twenty-one activists whose arrests were ordered by the government. Liu went into hiding as a fugitive, but on 15 June 1989, Liu was arrested and charged with attempted subversion of theChinese Communist Party.[4] In 1991, he was convicted and sentenced to six years imprisonment atQincheng Prison.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
After his release from prison in 1996, Liu continued to advocate forhuman rights in China and organized an underground democracy movement.[11][12] After moving to the United States, Liu continued his studies at Columbia University in New York City.[13][14][15] From there, he continued to support the Chinese democracy movement and in 2011, initiated furtherpro-democracy protests.[16]
In 1982, Liu received a bachelor's degree in modern mechanics from theUniversity of Science and Technology of China. He was employed by theAviation Industry Corporation of China inShenyang in the field ofaerodynamics. He worked in partnership withLuo Yang, and was promoted to head ofaircraft design. Liu's field of research was the theory ofair resistance, and he worked on problems of double-sided entry andradar technology.
In 1984, Liu received a master's degree inoptics from the Department of Physics atPeking University inBeijing. While there, he was an assistant teacher.[17] Liu returned to work at the China Soft Science Research Institute but was also acting assistant director at the University of Science and Technology of China.
In 1988, Liu became an assistant and associate researcher at the Wear-Resistant Materials Development Company of the National Ministry of Higher Education & theDalian Institute of Technology.[citation needed] He was then transferred to research in the Department of Physics at theChinese Academy of Sciences.
In 1996, Liu received a master's degree in computer science from Columbia University. He was invited to speak at theNew York Academy of Sciences.[18] Liu gained employment as a member of technical staff (MTS) at the Mathematics of Networks and Systems Research Department at Bell Laboratories inMurray Hill, New Jersey. There he worked onOptical telecommunication network design and planning,routingalgorithms,optimization techniques, andeconomic models andstrategy analysis.[19]
Liu's areas of research included: SPIDER, a design tool for fast-restoration in all-optical networks; VPNStar, a system for provisioning multi-serviceVPNs withQuality of service guarantees overInternet Protocol; in software design, a management system for Lambda Router in all-optical networks; and analysis ofInternet pricing.[20]
During his days at Bell Laboratories, Liu introduced the A*Prune (1999,ISSN 0743-166X) with K. G. Ramakrishnan, to describe a new class ofalgorithm. This opened a new research direction intheoretical science. He found that A*Prune is comparable to the current best known-approximate algorithms for most randomly generatedgraphs. The algorithm constructs paths, starting at the source and going towards the destination. But, at each iteration, thealgorithm is rid of all paths that are guaranteed to violate the constraints, thereby keeping only those partial paths that have the potential to be turned into feasible paths, from which theoptimal paths are drawn.[21]
Liu also proposed a special class of Optical devices called SPIDER (2001,ISSN 1089-7089); optical routers, densewavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, and cross-connects of unprecedented capacities. Liu and his colleagues are developing techniques for efficient and reliableoptical network design, covering decentralized dedicated protection to shared path-based mesh restoration.[22]
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