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Liturgical fan in Eastern Christianity

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For the historical use of liturgical fans inWestern Christianity, seeflabellum.

Theripidion, orhexapterygon is a ceremonial fan used inEastern Christian^{[note 1]}worship.^[1]^[2]

Eastern Christianripidion, 19th century (Pskov museum).

In the Eastern Churches, liturgical fans have been used from the first centuries to the present day. A fan is generally made of metal, round, having theiconographic likeness of a six-wingedseraphim and is set on the end of a pole. Fans of carved, gilded, or painted wood are also found. Fans are usually made in pairs.

Byzantine Rite

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At ordination of a deacon

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Upon ordination, a deacon is vested with a certain protocol for each vestment, and then with the same protocol is given a fan and "places himself by the Holy Table, and fans the Holy Things."^[3]

Fanning the gifts at the liturgy

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Other uses

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Fans are carried by the altar servers at all processions withEucharistic gifts and theGospel Book.^[4] However, in theRussian tradition they are often also used to honor a particularly sacredicon orrelic. When not in use, the fans are usually kept in stands behind theHoly Table, although in Slavic traditions they may be kept out of sight elsewhere in thealtar,^[5] especially in northern Russia, where icons ofChrist and theTheotokos are usually placed behind the Holy Table.^{[citation needed]}

Other rites

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Armenian silver ripidion, with six-winged seraphim

Fans used in theMaronite andOriental^{[note 2]} traditions are distinctive, having little hoops of metal or bells all around the circumference of the disks, symbolizing the hymns of the angels to God. At particularly solemn points of the liturgy, these are shaken gently to produce a tinkling and jingling sound, akin to the sound of multiplealtar bells.