Family of gastropods
TheLittorinidae are ataxonomic family of over 200 species ofsea snails , marinegastropod molluscs in theorder Littorinimorpha , commonly known asperiwinkles and found worldwide.[ 3]
In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as theNeritidae , are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.
Thesesubfamilies have been recognized inthe taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) :
SubfamilyLittorininae Children , 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983 SubfamilyLacuninae Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928. SubfamilyLaevilitorininae Reid, 1989 Genera within the family Littorinidae include:[ 4]
Littorininae Afrolittorina Austrolittorina Cenchritis Echinolittorina Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[ 5] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981;Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966;Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[ 5] Littoraria Littorina Férussac , 1822 – 18 species – type genusMainwaringia [ 6] Melarhaphe Nodilittorina Peasiella Tectarius Valenciennes , 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes:Echininus Lacuninae Laevilitorininae subfamily ?
Synonyms Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: synonym ofLaevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented asLaevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym forLacunaria Macquariella Finlay, 1926: synonym ofLaevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: synonym ofLaevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886^ Children J. G. (1834).Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum . ed. 28: 110.^a b Strong E. E., Gargominy O.,Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater".Hydrobiologia hdl :10088/7390 doi :10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6 . ^ Tunnell, John W.; Andrews, Jean; Barrera, Noe C.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (15 July 2010).Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History ISBN 978-1-60344-141-4 ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae ^a b Reid, D. G. (2009)."The genusEchinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF) .Zootaxa .2184 :1– 103.doi :10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1 . ^a b (file created 29 July 2010)FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA [permanent dead link ^ S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003)."A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean" .Mol Phylogenet Evol .28 (1):60– 86.doi :10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1 .PMID 12801472 . Archived fromthe original ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells".Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 :340 -344.page 343 . David G. Reid; Suzanne T. Williams (2004)."The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF) .Records of the Australian Museum .56 :75– 122.doi :10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393 .
