Sony Pictures initiated the development of the film in 2013, withAmy Pascal coming on board to produce in 2015 and Gerwig hired to write its screenplay the following year. Using Alcott's other writings as inspiration, Gerwig penned the script in 2018. She was made director that same year, with the film being the second she had solely directed. Filming took place from October to December 2018 in the state ofMassachusetts, with editing commencing the day after filming wrapped.
In 1868, Jo March works as ateacher inNew York City. Mr. Dashwood, aneditor, has agreed to publish hershort story. Meanwhile, her youngest sister Amy, who is inParis with their Aunt March, attends a party with the Marches’ childhood friend and neighbor, Laurie. Amy becomes angry at Laurie'sdrunken behavior, prompting him to mock her for spending time with wealthy businessman Fred Vaughn.
Jo is hurt and angry when Friedrich Bhaer, a Germanprofessor who lives at herboarding house, gives critical feedback on her writing. Upon learning that her younger sister Beth's illness has worsened, Jo returns home toConcord, Massachusetts.
Seven years earlier in 1861, Jo meets her neighbor Laurie while attending a party with her older sister Meg. OnChristmas morning, the girls' mother "Marmee" persuades them to give their breakfast to their poor neighbors, Mrs. Hummel and her children. After returning home, the Marches find their table laden with food, given by their neighbor and Laurie's grandfather, Mr. Laurence. Marmee then reads a letter from their father, who is fighting in theAmerican Civil War. Jo regularly reads to her father's sister Aunt March, hoping she will invite her toEurope.
When Jo, Meg, Laurie, and Laurie'stutor John Brooke attend thetheater, a jealous Amy burns Jo's unpublished novel. The next morning Amy, wanting an angry Jo's forgiveness, chases her and Laurie onto a frozen lake. Amy falls through the ice but Laurie and Jo save her. Mr. Laurence invites Beth to play his late daughter's piano in his house.
In the present, Meg expresses unhappiness about being poor to John after having bought fabric they cannot afford. Laurie visits Amy to apologize for his behavior, urging her not to marry Fred, but instead marry him. Though in love with Laurie, Amy refuses, upset at always being second to Jo. Despite this, she turns down Fred's proposal.
In the past, Mr. Laurence gifts Beth the piano and discovers she has contractedscarlet fever from the Hummels. To avoid exposure to the illness, Amy is sent to stay with Aunt March, who advises her to provide for her family by marrying well. John urges Meg to turn the fabric into a dress in the present to make her happy, but she reveals she sold it, reassuring him she is happy to be his wife.
Beth recovers in time for Christmas in the past, and their father returns home as well. After worsening in the present, Beth dies. On Meg's wedding day in the past, Jo tries to convince her to run away, but Meg expresses her elation to marry John. Aunt March announces her European trip, taking Amy instead of Jo. After the wedding, Laurie proposes to Jo, who refuses, explaining she does not see herself marrying.
In the present, Marmee reveals that Amy is returning from Europe with an ill Aunt March. Jo wonders whether she was too quick to refuse Laurie so writes him a letter. Preparing to leave, Amy tells Laurie she turned down Fred's proposal; they kiss and later marry on the journey home. Jo and Laurie agree to remain friends, after which she discards the letter she wrote him.
Jo begins writing a novel based on her and her sisters' lives and sends the first chapters to an unimpressed Mr. Dashwood. Bhaer surprises Jo by turning up at the March house on his way toCalifornia.
In New York, Mr. Dashwood agrees to publish Jo's novel as his daughters demand to know how it ends, but he refuses to accept the protagonist remaining unmarried at the end. To appease him, Jo ends her novel with the protagonist, herself, stopping Bhaer from leaving for California. She successfully negotiates copyright and royalties with Mr. Dashwood.
Following Aunt March's death, Jo inherits her house and opens it as a school, where Meg, Amy, John, and Bhaer all teach. Jo observes the printing of her novel, titledLittle Women.
In October 2013, it was announced that a new film adaptation of the novelLittle Women byLouisa May Alcott was in development atSony Pictures, with Olivia Milch writing the screenplay, andRobin Swicord andDenise Di Novi serving as producers.[4] In March 2015,Amy Pascal joined as a producer on the new adaptation, withSarah Polley hired to write the script and potentially direct.[5] Ultimately, Polley's involvement never went beyond initial discussions.[6] In August 2016,Greta Gerwig was hired to write the screenplay.[7] In June 2018, Gerwig was announced as the film's director in addition to being its screenwriter.[8] She had heard about Sony's plans to adapt the book in 2015 and urged her agent to get her in touch with the studio, conceding that while she "was not on anybody's list to direct this film", it was something she aspired to do, citing how the book had inspired her to become a writer and director.[9] Pascal described Gerwig's pitch as "the ambition and the dreams that you have as a girl" and how they "get stomped out of you as you grow up" as well as "commerce and art and what we have to do to make things commercial."[10] In addition to being Gerwig's first studio film she had directed,Little Women was her second solo directorial endeavor.[11][12]
Gerwig began penning the screenplay during a trip toBig Sur, California shortly after the2018 Academy Awards, using Alcott's letters and diaries as well as "19th-century paintings of young women" as inspirations.[10] She had written "three or four drafts" prior to the production ofLady Bird.[24] She also drew inspiration from Alcott's other stories for the dialogues.[25] Gerwig wrote many overlapping lines of dialogue that would be "read on top of one another."[26] In addition, she stated that a monologue in the film was inspired by a conversation she had with Streep about "the challenges women faced in the 1860s".[27] To "focus the film on [its characters] as adults", Gerwig incorporated anonlinear timeline.[28] The ending differs from that in the novel by depicting "the pleasures of a romance inside a story about Alcott realizing her artistic ambitions", which Gerwig believed honors Alcott's true vision given that Alcott had to "satisfy the era's narrative expectations".[29][30]
The film required "roughly 75 principal period costumes", each of which took "approximately 40 hours" to create.[10] The costume designer,Jacqueline Durran, combined "a free sartorial spirit" and "the traditionalVictorian stiffness" in costuming the characters.[31] Wanting to make "vintage clothes look covetable to the modern viewer", she paired "woollen sontags" with "preppy plaid skirts", "long crimson capes", and "jaunty newsboy caps".[32] She distinguished the characters' childhood and adulthood wardrobes while keeping in mind "the internal logic of each one" and maintaining "the connection between the two", with each character being assigned a "core color", including red for Jo, green and lavender for Meg, brown and pink for Beth, and light blue for Amy.[33] She also had the characters share and reuse the same wardrobe pieces to reinforce their relationships with each other.[34] In addition to styling Jo in "baggy cotton dresses" as well as "plain woolly skirts",[32] Durran incorporated "modern references" and used "a youngBob Dylan", theTeddy Boy subculture, and French artistJames Tissot's paintingThe Circle of the Rue Royale as inspirations to style Laurie.[35] She also modeled one of Jo's looks after a figure in the 1870 paintingHigh Tide byWinslow Homer.[36]
The cast, except for Pugh due to her filming commitments toMidsommar, began rehearsals for the film two weeks before filming.[26]Principal photography began inBoston in October 2018,[37] withHarvard, Massachusetts, serving as the main location.[38] Additional locations includedLancaster,Harvard University inCambridge,Crane Beach inIpswich, and Concord, all in the state of Massachusetts.[39][40] TheShaker museum in theFruitlands of Harvard, a property in which Alcott and her family had once resided, was used as the location of Meg and John's home.[41] The March family house was built from scratch on a plot in Concord;[10] production designerJess Gonchor intended for the exterior to exude "an old worn-out jewelry box that you found in your grandmother's drawer" while likening the interior to "a beautiful maze and flow and endless activity."[42] TheLyman Estate in Waltham was used for a ballroom scene.[39] Harvard University'sArnold Arboretum was used to shoot a scene set in a 19th century Paris park with Pugh, Chalamet, and Streep.[43]Castle Hill in Ipswich was also utilized to double for European scenes.[41]
During production, Gerwig discovered she was pregnant and kept it secret throughout.[11] She imposed a ban on cell phones on set during filming[44] . Also, the main cast lived together in a house for a short period prior to filming to cultivate sibling-like chemistry. CinematographerYorick Le Saux shot on35 mm film.[45] After principal photography wrapped on December 16, 2018, Gerwig began editing the film alongside editor Nick Houy the following day and later screened it for Sony Pictures executives in New York City on March 10, 2019, three days ahead of giving birth to her son.[30]
French composerAlexandre Desplat composed the score.[46] Gerwig had been a fan of Desplat's score for the filmBirth and aspired to work with him, while he "loved"Lady Bird.[47] Desplat said in an interview that Gerwig specified that she would like the music to be "a mix ofMozart meetingBowie",[48] with her later saying that she had enlisted him for the "beautiful but not saccharine" and "exacting" qualities of his music.[49] He employed an orchestra that included a piano, harp, flute, clarinet, andcelesta.[50] The score was released on December 13, 2019.[51]
Little Women was originally scheduled for a theatrical release in China on February 14, 2020, but this was scrapped due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[57] The film was released digitally on March 10, 2020, and on DVD and Blu-ray on April 7.[58][59] In May,Variety reported that it was once again intended for a China release at an unspecified date following the pandemic.[60] The film was released in Denmark and Japan in June after both countries re-opened their theaters followingpandemic lockdowns.[61] It was eventually released in China on August 25, 2020.[62]
Little Women grossed $108.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $110.8 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $218.9 million, against a production budget of $40 million.[3] In April 2020,Deadline Hollywood calculated itsnet profit to be $56 million.[56]
Released in the United States and Canada alongsideStar Wars: The Rise of Skywalker andJumanji: The Next Level, the film was projected to gross $18–22 million from 3,308 theaters over its five-day opening weekend. It made $6.4 million on Christmas Day and $6 million on its second day,[65] debuting to $16.8 million (a total of $29.2 million over the five-day Christmas period) and finishing fourth behind the two aforementioned films andFrozen II.[66] In its second weekend, the film grossed $13.6 million, finishing third.[67] It then made $7.8 million and $6.4 million, respectively, the following weekends.[68][69]
In June 2020, the film grossed $495,000 and $255,000 during its opening weekend in Japan and its second weekend in Denmark, respectively.[70] That same month, it passed $100 million at the international box office following releases in 12 other markets.[71] The film made $4.7 million over the first six days of its August 2020 release in China.[72]
Little Women received critical acclaim.[73][74][75][76] Onreview aggregator websiteRotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 95% based on 439 reviews, with an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "With a stellar cast and a smart, sensitive retelling of its classic source material, Greta Gerwig'sLittle Women proves some stories truly are timeless."[77] OnMetacritic, it has a weighted average score of 91 out of 100 based on 57 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[78] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale, and viewers surveyed byPostTrak gave it an average five out of five.[79]
Writing forIndieWire, Kate Erbland highlighted Gerwig's "ambitious elliptical storytelling" and commended her direction for being neither "heavy-handed" nor "preachy".[80]Anthony Lane ofThe New Yorker said that it "may just be the best film yet made by an American woman".[81] TheAssociated Press's Lindsey Bahr also praised Gerwig's direction, deeming it an "astonishing accomplishment" and an "artist's statement".[82] Awarding the film three-and-a-half out of four, Brian Truitt ofUSA Today lauded Gerwig's writing as "magnificent" and said it "makes Alcott's time and language feel effervescently modern and authentically nostalgic".[83]Mick LaSalle, writing for theSan Francisco Chronicle, gave the film a mixed review, in which he complimented Gerwig's direction but criticized the nonlinear timeline and the "snooty" characters.[84]
Critics praised the cast's performances, with David Rooney ofThe Hollywood Reporter highlighting their "lovely ensemble work", andTheWrap'sAlonso Duralde saying that there was not "a single artificial moment" from any of the actors.[85][86]Caryn James ofBBC Online called Ronan's performance "luminous",[87] andEntertainment Weekly's Leah Greenblatt suggested that she "carries nearly every scene she's in".[88] David Sims ofThe Atlantic highlighted Pugh's performance, writing that she turned her character into "a heroine as rich and compelling as [Ronan's]",[89] whileThe Independent's Clarisse Loughrey stated that Pugh "manages to steal the show".[90] In his review forNPR,Justin Chang hailed both Ronan and Pugh's performances as "blazingly good".[91] Chalamet was also praised byPeter Travers ofRolling Stone andAnn Hornaday ofThe Washington Post for the "innate charm and poignant vulnerability" as well as "playful physicality" in his performance.[92][93]. Overall, the entire cast has been praised, with some critics highlighting Watson’s, Dern’s and Streep’s performances.
Time featured it on its list of the "100 Best Movies of the Past 10 Decades" as one of the best of the 2010s, writing that the film "is proof that there are always new ways to tell old stories, ensuring that they live far beyond our own preoccupations and tastes, never becoming last season's outmoded gown."[94] In 2025, it ranked number 60 on the "Readers' Choice" edition ofThe New York Times' list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century."[95]
While the film overall received sixAcademy Award nominations, Gerwig was not nominated forBest Director, which was deemed a snub.[24][96]Allison Pearson ofThe Telegraph labeled this a "whole new standard of idiocy", opining that it "belittles women's experience",[97] whileSlate'sDana Stevens theorized thatAcademy members believe that "women can only have a little recognition, as a treat" and that Gerwig "may now safely be ignored" since she had been previously nominated forLady Bird.[98] Writing for theLos Angeles Times, social psychologists Devon Proudfoot and Aaron Kay concluded that the snub was due to a "general psychological tendency to unwittingly view women's work as less creative than men's".[99]
.jpeg)
_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
