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List of web browsers

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As of June 2025

Timeline representing the history of various web browsers

The following is a list of notableweb browsers.

Layout engines

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Gecko is developed by theMozilla Foundation.
- Goanna is a fork of Gecko developed by Moonchild Productions.
Servo is an experimental web browser layout engine being developed cooperatively by Mozilla and Samsung. In 2020 the engine's development was transferred to the Linux Foundation.
Presto was developed byOpera Software for use inOpera. Development stopped as Opera transitioned to Blink.
Trident is developed byMicrosoft for use in theWindows versions ofInternet Explorer 4 toInternet Explorer 11.
- EdgeHTML is the engine developed by Microsoft forEdge [Legacy]. It is a largely rewritten fork of Trident with all legacy code removed.
Tasman was developed by Microsoft for use inInternet Explorer 5 for Macintosh.
KHTML was developed by theKDE project but has since been discontinued.
- WebKit is a fork of KHTML byApple Inc. used in AppleSafari, and formerly inChromium andGoogle Chrome.
  - Blink is a 2013 fork of WebKit's WebCore component by Google used in Chromium, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera, andVivaldi.^[1]

Graphical

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Tridentshells

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Other software publishers have built browsers and other products around Microsoft's Trident engine. The following browsers are all based on that rendering engine:

360 Secure Browser
AOL Explorer
Deepnet Explorer
GreenBrowser
Internet Explorer
MediaBrowser
MSN Explorer
NeoPlanet
NetCaptor
QQ Browser
Yahoo! Browser (or partnership browsers e.g. "AT&T Yahoo! Browser"; "Verizon Yahoo! Browser"; "BT Yahoo! Browser", etc.)

Gecko-based

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Camino forMac OS X (formerlyChimera)^[2]
Conkeror, (keyboard-driven browser)
Galeon, (GNOME's old default browser)
K-Meleon (Windows)
- K-MeleonCCF ME (for Windows based on K-Meleon core, mostly written inLua)
- K-Ninja (for Windows based on K-Meleon)
MicroB (forMaemo)
Minimo (for mobile)
Mozilla Firefox (formerlyFirebird andPhoenix, developed by theMozilla foundation)
- AT&T Pogo (based on Firefox)
- Cliqz (Firefox fork)
- Comodo IceDragon (Firefox-based web browser for Windows with privacy and performance enhancements developed byComodo)
- Flock (was based onFirefox until version 2.6.1, and based onChromium thereafter)
- Floorp (based on Firefox with increased customization options)
- Iceweasel (Debian's Firefox rebrand)
- GNU IceCat (GNU'sfork ofFirefox)
- LibreWolf
- Netscape Browser 8 toNetscape Navigator 9 (discontinued)
- TenFourFox (Firefox port toPowerPC versions ofMac OS X)
- Timberwolf (AmigaOS' Firefox rebrand)
- Tor Browser (privacy enabled browser)
  - Mullvad Browser (based on Tor Browser)
- Swiftfox (processor-optimised builds based on Firefox)
- Waterfox (Firefox-based web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux)
- xB Browser (formerly XeroBank Browser and Torpark), portable browser for anonymous browsing, originally based on Firefox
- Zen Browser
Firefox for Android (codenamedFenix)
Mozilla Application Suite
- Beonex Communicator (separatebranch, based on Mozilla Application Suite)
- Classilla (an updated fork of the Suite toMac OS 9)
- Gnuzilla (GNU'sfork)
- Netscape (Netscape 6 to7, based onMozilla)
- SeaMonkey (successor to Mozilla Application Suite)
  - Iceape (Debian's Seamonkey rebrand)
Skyfire (for mobile)
SlimBrowser

Goanna-based

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Basilisk – similar to Pale Moon, but with the interface of Firefox 29–56 and a few other differences
K-Meleon – starting from version 77 (2019)
Pale Moon – a fork of Firefox that maintains support forXUL/XPCOM extensions and retains the user interface of the Firefox 4–28 era

Gecko- and Trident-based

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Browsers that use bothTrident andGecko include:

K-Meleon with theIE Tab extension
Mozilla Firefox with theIE Tab extension
Netscape Browser 8

Webkit- and Trident-based

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GNOME Web
Maxthon (up until version 4.2)
QQ browser

Blink- and Trident-based

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Baidu Browser
Maxthon (since version 4.2)
Microsoft Edge

Gecko-, Trident-, and Blink-based

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Browsers that can useTrident,Gecko andBlink include:

Lunascape^[3]

KHTML-based

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Presto-based

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Internet Channel (for Wii console, Opera-based)
Nintendo DS Browser (Opera-based)
Opera (for releases up until 12.18^[4]^[5])

BOLT Browser
HotJava
Opera Mini (only the Android version is actively developed as of 2022)
ThunderHawk

Specialty browsers

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Browsers created for enhancements of specific browsing activities.

Current

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ZAC Browser (for children withautism,autism spectrum disorders such asAsperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), and PDD-NOS)

Discontinued

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Flock (to enhance social networking,blogging, photo-sharing, andRSS news-reading)
Ghostzilla (blends into theGUI to hide activity)
Gollum browser (created specially for browsing Wikipedia)
Kirix Strata (designed for data analytics)
Miro (a media browser that integrates aBitTorrent addon)
Nightingale (open sourceaudio player and web browser based on the Songbird (see below) media player source code)
Prodigy Classic (executable only within the application)
Rockmelt (designed to combine web browsing, and social activities such asFacebook andTwitter into a unified one window experience)
Songbird (browser with advanced audio streaming features and built-in media player with library)
SpaceTime (search the web in 3D)

Mosaic-based

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Mosaic was the first widely used web browser. TheNational Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) licensed the technology and many companies built their own web browser on Mosaic. The best known are the first versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape.

Others

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Abaco (forPlan 9 from Bell Labs andLinux^[12])
Amaya
Arachne (for DOS and Linux)
Arena
Ariadna (AMSD Ariadna) (first Russian web browser)
AWeb (AmigaOS)
Baidu Mobile Browser
Dillo (for lower-end computers)
DR-WebSpyder (for DOS)
Embrowser (for DOS)
Flow browser
Gazelle (fromMicrosoft Research, OS-like)
IBrowse (for AmigaOS)
Ladybird (fromSerenityOS)
Mothra (forPlan 9 from Bell Labs)
NetPositive (forBeOS)
NetSurf (an open source web browser originally forRISC OS and GTK, e.g. Linux, Windows and more platforms, written in C)
Phoenix, a browser based on tkWWW
Qihoo 360 mobile browsers
tkWWW, based onTcl
Voyager (for AmigaOS)

Mobile browsers

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Main article:Mobile browser

Text-based

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Main article:Text-based web browser

References

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^"Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine". Ars Technica. April 3, 2013. RetrievedApril 4, 2013.
^http://caminobrowser.org Camino reaches its end
^"Have it all: Lunascape, the browser with three engines". CNET News. November 24, 2008. Archived fromthe original on October 25, 2012. RetrievedMay 20, 2010.
^"300 million users and move to WebKit". Opera Developer News.
^"Surprise: Opera 12.18 has been released – gHacks Tech News".gHacks Technology News. February 16, 2016. RetrievedNovember 3, 2017.
^"Introducing DuckDuckGo for Mac: A Private, Fast, and Secure Browsing App". April 12, 2022.
^"Projects/WebKit/Part — KDE TechBase". KDE TechBase. RetrievedMarch 30, 2010.
^JoWa (May 2, 2014)."Blink, since v. 28". Comodo Group, Inc. Archived fromthe original on March 17, 2016. RetrievedApril 21, 2017.
^"Microsoft Edge: Making the web better through more open source collaboration".Microsoft Windows Blog. Microsoft. December 6, 2018. RetrievedDecember 7, 2018.
^"A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers". Opera. Archived fromthe original on June 7, 2013. RetrievedJune 24, 2013.
^"The new Microsoft Edge is now mandatory in Windows 10 20H2".News, Reviews and Technical Support. BleepingComputer. October 20, 2020. RetrievedOctober 28, 2020.
^"abaco-20080209-1-i686.pkg.tar". Archived fromthe original on May 6, 2016. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2017.

External links

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Adrian Roselli,evolt.org Browser Archive (2004). List and archive of many current and obsolete web browsers.
Daniel R. Tobias,Brand-X Browsers (2002).
Michael Bernadi,DOS Applications for Internet Use (2006).

Timeline ofweb browsers

General
Comparison lightweight History List for Unix Usage share

1990s

1990	WorldWideWeb (Nexus)
1991	Line Mode Browser libwww
1992	Erwise MacWWW (Samba) MidasWWW tkWWW ViolaWWW
1993	AMosaic Arena Cello Emacs/W3 Lynx 2 NCSA Mosaic VMS Mosaic
1994	AirMosaic Internet in a Box ANT Fresco Argo IBM WebExplorer SlipKnot Minuet Navipress Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator Spyglass Mosaic TCP/Connect II
1995	Agora ALynx AMSD Ariadna Cyberjack eWorld Web Browser Grail Internet Explorer 1 Internet Explorer 2 Netscape Navigator 2 NetShark OmniWeb HotJava UdiWWW WebShark w3m
1996	Cyberdog Arachne AWeb IBrowse Amaya Internet Explorer 3 MSN Program Viewer Netscape Navigator 3 Opera 2 Oracle PowerBrowser tcpCONNECT4 Voyager
1997	Netscape Communicator Internet Explorer 4 Opera 2.1
1998	NeoPlanet Mozilla Application Suite Opera 3–3.21
1999	iCab Internet Explorer 5 OmniWeb 3 Opera 3.5–3.62

2000s

2000	Beonex Communicator Galeon K-Meleon Konqueror MediaBrowser Netscape 6 Opera 4–4.02
2001	iCab 2.5 Internet Explorer 6 MSN Explorer OmniWeb 4 Opera 5–5.12
2002	Camino Epiphany Netscape 7 Opera 6–6.1
2003	GreenBrowser Maxthon Opera 7–7.3 Safari SlimBrowser
2004	Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox Opera 7.5–7.55
2005	AOL Explorer Deepnet Explorer Firefox 1.5 Netscape Browser Opera 8–8.54 Safari 2
2006	Firefox 2 Internet Explorer 7 Opera 9–9.27
2007	Maxthon 2 Opera 9.5–9.64 Safari 3 SeaMonkey 1.1
2008	Chrome Firefox 3 Netscape Navigator 9 NetSurf 1.2
2009	Chrome 2–3 Firefox 3.5 Internet Explorer 8 Opera 10–10.63 Pale Moon Safari 4 SeaMonkey 2.0

2010s

2010	Chrome 4–8 Firefox 3.6 Lunascape 6.0.1 Maxthon 3 NetSurf 2.5 Opera 11–11.64 Pale Moon 3.6 Safari 5
2011	Chrome 9–16 Firefox 4–9 Internet Explorer 9 Lunascape 6.5 Opera 12–12.17 Pale Moon 4–8 SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4 Waterfox
2012	Chrome 17–23 Firefox 10–17 Internet Explorer 10 Lunascape 6.7 Maxthon 3.4 NetSurf 2.9 Pale Moon 3.6.29–3.6.32, 9.0–15.3.2 Safari 6 Yandex
2013	Chrome 24–31 Firefox 18–26 Internet Explorer 11 Opera 15–18 Pale Moon 15.4–24.2 Safari 7 SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22
2014	Chrome 32–39 Firefox 27–34 Lunascape 6.9 NetSurf 3.1 Opera 19–26 Pale Moon 24.3–25.1 Safari 8 SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31
2015	Chrome 40–47 Firefox 35–43 Lunascape 6.10–6.12 Microsoft Edge 20, 25 Opera 27–34 Pale Moon 25.2–25.8 Safari 9 SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39 Vivaldi Technical Preview 1–Beta 2
2016	Brave 0.7–0.12 Chrome 48–55 Firefox 44–50 Lunascape 6.13–6.15 Microsoft Edge 38 Opera 35–42 Pale Moon 26.0–27.0 Safari 10 Vivaldi Beta 3–1.6 Yandex 16
2017	Brave 0.13–0.19 Chrome 56–63 Firefox 51–57 Microsoft Edge 40, 41 Opera 43–49 Pale Moon 27.1–27.6 Safari 11 SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49 Vivaldi 1.7–1.13 Yandex 17
2018	Basilisk Brave 0.20–0.60 Chrome 64–71 Firefox 58–64 Microsoft Edge 42–44 Opera 50–57 Pale Moon 27.7–28.2 Safari 12 Vivaldi 1.14–2.2 Waterfox 56.0–56.2 Yandex 18
2019	Brave 0.61–1.1 Chrome 72–79 Firefox 65–71 Microsoft Edge 44 Opera 58–65 Pale Moon 28.3–28.8 Safari 13 Vivaldi 2.3–2.10 Waterfox 60.1–68.0a2 Whale 1.4–1.5 Yandex 19

2020s

2020	Brave 1.2–1.18 Chrome 80–87 Firefox 72–84 Microsoft Edge 79–87 Opera 66–73 Pale Moon 28.9–28.17 SeaMonkey 2.53 Vivaldi 2.11–3.5 Yandex 20 Safari 14
2021	Brave 1.19–1.33 Chrome 88–96 Firefox 85–95 Microsoft Edge 88–96 Opera 74–82 Pale Moon 29.0–29.4 SeaMonkey 2.53.10.2 Vivaldi 3.6–5.0 Yandex 21 Safari 15
2022	Arc 0.46–0.81 Brave 1.34–1.46 Chrome 97–108 Firefox 96–108 Microsoft Edge 97–108 Opera 83–94 Pale Moon 30.0–31.4 Vivaldi 5.1–5.6 Yandex 22 Safari 16
2023	Arc 0.85–1.21 Brave 1.47–1.61 Chrome 109–120 Firefox 109–121 Microsoft Edge 109–120 Opera 95–106 Pale Moon 32.0–32.5 Vivaldi 5.7–6.5 Yandex 23 Safari 17
2024	Arc 1.25–1.74 Brave 1.62–1.73 Chrome 121–131 Firefox 122–133 Microsoft Edge 121–131 Opera 107–115 Pale Moon 33.0–33.5 Vivaldi 6.6–7.0 Yandex 24 Safari 18
2025	Arc 1.77–1.126 Brave 1.74–1.85 Chrome 132–143 Firefox 134–146 Microsoft Edge 132–143 Opera 116–125 Pale Moon 33.6–33.9 Vivaldi 7.1–7.7 Yandex 25 Safari 26
2026	Brave 1.86– Chrome 144– Firefox 147– Microsoft Edge 144– Opera 126– Pale Moon 34.0– Vivaldi 7.8–

Related topics
3D Markup Language for Web ALIWEB ARPANET ASCII BITNET Browser wars CompuServe Elm Email File Transfer Protocol Gopher HTML HyperCard HyTelnet NCSA Telnet NLS Prodigy Teletext Telnet Usenet UUCP Videotex Viewdata Virtual Reality Markup Language Web page Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog World Wide Web X.25

Web browsers

Features, standards & protocols

Features	Bookmarks Extensions Privacy mode
Web standards	HTML v5 CSS DOM JavaScript WebAssembly Web storage IndexedDB WebGL WebGPU
Protocols	HTTP Encryption Cookies third-party OCSP WebRTC WebSocket

Active

Blink-based

Proprietary	Google Chrome Arc Atlas Avast Cốc Cốc Comet Comodo Ecosia Epic Huawei Maxthon Microsoft Edge Opera (Mobile) Puffin QQ Samsung Silk Sleipnir SRWare UC Vivaldi Whale Yandex
FOSS	Chromium Brave Dooble Falkon Otter Supermium ungoogled

Gecko-based

Goanna-based

WebKit-based

Multi-engine

Other

Discontinued

Blink-based	Beaker Citrio Flock Redcore Rockmelt SalamWeb Sputnik Torch
Gecko-based	Beonex Camino Classilla Conkeror Firefox Lite Galeon Ghostzilla IceDragon Kazehakase Kylo Lotus MicroB Minimo Mozilla suite PirateBrowser Pogo Strata Swiftfox TenFourFox Timberwolf Waterfox Classic xB
MSHTML-based	Internet Explorer AOL Deepnet GreenBrowser MediaBrowser MSN Explorer MSN Program Viewer NeoPlanet NetCaptor SpaceTime ZAC
WebKit-based	Arora BOLT Dolphin Fluid Google TV Iris Mercury Nokia Symbian OmniWeb Opera Coast Origyn QtWeb Shiira Steel surf Uzbl WebPositive xombrero
Other	abaco Amaya Arachne Arena Blazer Cake CM Deepfish Edge Legacy ELinks Gazelle HotJava IBM Home Page Reader IBM WebExplorer IBrowse Internet Explorer for Mac KidZui Line Mode Mosaic MSN TV NetPositive Netscape Skweezer Skyfire ThunderHawk Vision WinWAP WorldWideWeb