• Battle of Pliska

• The Hungarians were in alliance withKrum of Bulgaria against EmperorNikephoros.^[1]

• Foundation ofGrand Principality of Hungary in theCarpathian Basin.

Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896

Bulgarian victory

• Bulgaria's status asmost favoured nation restored
• Eastern Roman Empire pays annual tax tribute toBulgaria
• Bulgaria's status as most dominant Eastern European nation retained
• Bulgarian territorial gains in Thrace
  Magyars forced to migrate westwards and settle inPannonia

• Battle of Brenta (899)
  Battle of Pressburg / Pozsony (907)
• Battle of Eisenach (908)
  Battle of Lechfeld / Augsburg (910)
• Battle of Rednitz (910)
• Battle of Püchen (919)
• Battle of Drava River (925?)
• Battle of Merseburg / Riade (933)
• Battle of W.l.n.d.r (934)
  Battle of Fraxinet (942)
• Battle of Lechfeld / Augsburg (955)
• Battle of Arcadiopolis (970)

• Between 899 and 970, according to contemporary sources, the researchers count 47 (38 to West and 9 to East)^[2] raids in different parts of Europe. From these campaigns only 8 were unsuccessful and the others ended with success.^[3]
• Many tributes were paid to the Hungarians.
• Many times the rulers of Europe hired the Hungarian warriors against each other.
• The most significant result of theBattle of Pressburg is that the Hungarians secured their lands in 907, prevented a future German invasion, the Germans did not attack Hungarian land until 1030.
• The Hungarians also used a preemptive war against the Germans and the German unification.
• A Hungarian army was defeated in German land at theBattle of Lechfeld in 955. Seven years laterOtto I was rewarded for stopping the Hungarians and he was crownedEmperor byPope John XII in 962 and theHoly Roman Empire (962–1806) was established.^[2]
• The Hungarian military presence stabilized the Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin.

• Battle of Achelous

• Hungarian troops are helpingSimeon I of Bulgaria to defeat the Byzantines in the greatBattle of Acheloos.^[4][5]

• Hungarian leader named Kisa was defeated byČaslav, the Prince of Serbia.

• A Hungarian army defeatedČаслав, the Prince of Serbia by avenge of the widow of Kisa.

• The Hungarians supportedHenry II, Duke of Bavaria againstOtto II, Holy Roman Emperor, thus the Hungarians raided several times the territories ofPiligrim,Bishop of Passau from the fortress ofMelk.^[6]
• Leopold I, Margrave of Austria launched a counter-attack and besieged and occupiedMelk, which forcedGéza, Grand Prince of Hungary to withdraw Hungarian forces from the territories west of theVienna Woods andKhalenberg.^[6]
• Later,Géza, Grand Prince of Hungary renounced the lands west of theriver Leitha in his peace treaty of 996 withHenry IV of Bavaria. Theriver Leitha became the historic border between theKingdom of Hungary and theHoly Roman Empire.

• "Gyula" meant the second highest title in Hungarian tribal confederation. Gyula's ancestor was among theseven chieftains of the conquering Hungarians, who finally settled inTransylvania. Gyula's family ruledTransylvania inGyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia).Gyula II was baptised inConstantinople around 952.
• After the coronation KingStephen I asserted his claim to rule all lands dominated by Hungarian lords.
• KingStephen I personally led his army against his maternal uncle, andGyula III surrendered without a fight,Gyula III and his family was captured.
• Transylvania was incorporated with theKingdom of Hungary.
• The establishment of the Roman CatholicDiocese of Transylvania in 1009.

1029 (?)

• Battle of the River Bug

• The Hungarians occupiedVienna.^[7]

• Battle of Ménfő

• During this rebellion, Vata gained power over a group of rebels who wished to abolish Christian rule and revert to paganism.
• BishopGerard of Csanád invitedVazul's exiled sons to the country.
• PrinceAndrew andLevente returned to Hungary from their exile and quickly gained popular support for the throne, especially among the pagan populace, despite the fact thatAndrew was Christian (Levente had remained pagan). On their return, a rebellion began, whichAndrew andLevente initially supported. The princes accepted the claims of the rebels in exchange for fighting against KingPeter.
• KingPeter decided to flee from Hungary and take refuge in Austria.Andrew's envoys tricked the king before he reached the frontier. KingPeter fled to a fortified manor atZámoly, but his opponents captured him. KingPeter was blinded, which caused his death.
• The pagans slaughtered priests and BishopGerard of Csanád.
• PrinceAndrew pronounced himself king.
• KingAndrew soon broke with his pagan supporters, restored Christianity and declared pagan rites illegal.

• 1051

• Battle of Vértes

• German EmperorHenry III undertook a fifth campaign against theKingdom of Hungary, and besiegedPozsony without success, as the Hungarians sank his supply ships on theDanube river.

• Battle of Moson

• KingSolomon of Hungary and PrinceGéza of Hungary helped his brother-in-lawDemetrius Zvonimir of Croatia to recapture Dalmatia from the Carinthians.

• Battle of Kerlés / Cserhalom

• Pecheneg troops pillagedSyrmia in 1071. The king and the duke suspected that the soldiers of theByzantine garrison atBelgrade incited the marauders against Hungary, so they decided to attack the fortress.
• The Hungarian army crossed the riverSava, although the Byzantines usedGreek fire against their boats. The Hungarians defeated the Pechenegs who helped the Byzantines to relieve the siege. Finally the Hungarians tookBelgrade after a siege of three months.
• KingSolomon and PrinceGéza marched along the valley of the riverGreat Morava as far asNiš. The Hungarians seized theByzantine city without any resistance.^[10]

• Battle of Mogyoród

• KingSaint Ladislaus planned to make peace and an agreement withSolomon, the former king of Hungary, butSolomon soon began conspiring againstLadislaus, andLadislaus imprisoned him.
• The first five Hungarian saints, including the first king of Hungary,Stephen I, and Stephen's son,Emeric, werecanonized duringLadislaus's reign.Ladislaus releasedSolomon at the time of the ceremony. After his release,Solomon made a final effort to regain his crown. He persuaded aCuman chieftain, Kutesk, to invade Hungary.Solomon promised Kutesk that he would give him the right of possession over the province of Transylvania and would take his daughter as wife. KingLadislaus defeated the invaders.
• At the head of a large contingent,Solomon joined a huge army ofCumans andPechenegs who invaded the Byzantine Empire in 1087. The Byzantines routed the invaders,Solomon seems to have died fighting on the battlefield.

• KingDemetrius Zvonimir of Croatia was a member of theHouse of Trpimirović, he marriedHelen of Hungary from theÁrpád dynasty in 1063.Helen was aHungarian princess, daughter of KingBéla I of Hungary, and sister to KingLadislaus I of Hungary. There was no living male member of theHouse of Trpimirović in 1091, civil war broke out in Croatia.
• The widow of KingZvonimir,Helen tried to keep her power in Croatia during the succession crisis. Several Dalmatian cities and Croatian nobles aroundHelen asked KingLadislaus I to helpHelen and offered him the Croatian throne, which was seen as rightfully his by inheritance rights.
• In 1091Ladislaus I crossed theDrava river and conquered the entire province ofSlavonia without encountering opposition,Ladislaus I had success in his campaign, yet he wasn't able to establish his control over entire Croatia.
• Ladislaus I appointed his nephew PrinceÁlmos to administer the controlled area of Croatia, established theDiocese of Zagreb as a symbol of his new authority and went back to Hungary.
• Petar Snačić rose up against the Hungarian rule between 1093 and 1097.

• TheCumans invaded and plundered Hungary led by chieftain Kapolcs, first breaking throughTransylvania, then the territory between theDanube andTisza rivers. They tried to leave Hungary with their booty and prisoners, but KingLadislaus I defeated them near theTemes river.^[12]
• KingLadislaus I offeredChristianity to theCuman survivors; most accepted and were settled inJászság, in theKingdom of Hungary.^[12]

• KingLadislaus I blamed theRuthenians for theCuman invasion and invaded neighboringRus' principalities, forcing them to pledge loyalty and obedience.^[13]

• Władysław I Herman, Duke of Poland, was a cousin of KingLadislaus I of Hungary. King Ladislaus I intervened in a conflict between Herman and his illegitimate son,Zbigniew, capturing Herman's younger sonBoleslaus and Kraków. At Ladislaus' demand, Zbigniew was recognized as legitimate.

• KingColoman seized Croatia;Doge Vitale I Michiel of Venice requested Hungarian support against theNormans. The Hungarian army, transported by Venetian ships, defeated the Normans, capturedBrindisi andMonopoli, plundered the land, then withdrew after three months leaving cities to Venice.

• KingColoman's defensive operations against crusaders

  

• The first group of crusaders was led byWalter Sans Avoir with 150,000 troops. KingColoman received them in a friendly way and allowed them into the kingdom. They proceeded through Hungary without any major conflicts, the only incident occurred near the Hungarian–Byzantine border atZimony.^[14]
• The next group was headed byPeter the Hermit with 40,000 troops. KingColoman permitted them to enter Hungary only afterPeter pledged that he would prevent them from pillaging the countryside, butPeter could not keep his promise, the crusaders plundered and raped locals. They reachedZimony, where they learned of the story of the previous conflict. The crusaders besieged and took the town, where they massacred many thousand Hungarians. They only withdrew whenColoman's troops approached them.^[14]
• The third band of crusaders was led by Folkmar with 12,000 men reachedNyitra and when they saw the richness of the countryside they began plundering the region. These were soon routed by the local Hungarians.^[14]
• A fourth army that came toMoson was led by Gottschalk with 15,000 men. They camped nearPannonhalma, to seize food and wine, the crusaders made frequent pillaging raids against the nearby settlements. KingColoman attacked and massacred the majority of them. The crusader mob of Gottschalk fled with 3,000 men from Hungary.^[14]
• Following these incidents, KingColoman forbade the crusaders who arrived under the leadership of CountEmicho with 200,000 men to enter Hungary. The crusaders besiegedMoson, their catapults destroyed the walls in two places, enabling them to storm into the fortress. KingColoman defended the fortress. After six weeks the morale of the crusader mob began to fail, which inspired the Hungarians, a panic broke out among the attackers that enabled the garrison to carry out a sortie and rout them, and most of the mob was slaughtered or drowned in the river.^[14]
• The first crusader army organized by theHoly See was led byGodfrey of Bouillon with 80,000 troops. KingColoman agreed to meet with Godfrey inSopron. The king allowed the crusaders to march through his kingdom but stipulated that Godfrey's younger brotherBaldwin and his family should stay with him as hostages. The crusaders passed through Hungary peacefully along the right bank of theDanube, KingColoman and his army followed them on the left bank. He only released his hostages after all the crusaders had crossed the riverSava. The uneventful march of the main crusader army across Hungary establishedColoman's good reputation throughout Europe.^[14]

• During theApulia campaign, an agreement withDoge of Venice left part ofDalmatia up toZadar under Venice; KingColoman occupied the south.

• Battle of Gvozd Mountain

• Petar Snačić opposed Hungarian rule;Coloman defeated him at Gvozd Mountain (1097).
• Coloman crowned inBiograd na Moru (1102) as "King of Hungary, Dalmatia, and Croatia", creating a personal union (1102–1918).

• Siege ofPrzemyśl; Cumans attacked, Hungarian army defeated.

• Hungarians aided Byzantines againstBohemond I; capturedBrindisi andMonopoli, later ceded to Venice.

• Military balance maintained
• Hungarian auxiliaries commanded byPalatineAmpud &Leustach Rátót underBéla III

• Battle of Iconium

• Main Seljuk army routed.
• Sultanate of Rum's capital city sacked.
• Géza, Prince of Hungary, the younger brother of KingBéla III joined by a contingent of 2,000 men toFrederick Barbarossa to participate in theThird Crusade.
• About 5,000 Imperials and Hungarians underDuke Frederick joined theSiege of Acre in October.

Byzantine Empire

• Hungarian invasion of the Grand Principality of Serbia prompted the intervention ofIsaac II Angelos against the invaders
• Retreat of the Hungarian army
• Stefan Nemanja preserves his throne and state

• Duke Andrew II of Hungary invades Hum, then part of the Grand Principality of Serbia, occupies a part of it temporarily, but then loses it^[16]
• Hum remains a part of the Grand Principality of Serbia

• 1197 (Andrew's victory)
• 1199 (Emeric's victory)
• 1203 (Emeric's victory)

Bosnia

• Siege of Zara

• Venetians and Crusaders sacked the city

1233–1234

• Battle of Bethsaida

• Battle of Mohi
• Siege of Esztergom
• Battle of Grobnik Field

• Battle of the Leitha River
• Battle of Kressenbrunn
• Battle on the Marchfeld

Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Poland
Principality of HalychDuchy of Austria

• Hungary looses control of Styria
• Habsburgs gain possession of Austria

• Battle of Isaszeg

• Battle of Lake Hód

• Árpáds were winning militarily, butAndrew III's death in 1301 extinguished the Árpád dynasty and triggered the Árpád war of succession in Hungary (1301–1308)
• Paul I Šubić of Bribir becamede facto independent ruler of Croatia

• Charles Robert of Anjou became Hungarian king

• Battle of Rozgony

• Centralization of the Hungarian Kingdom

• Restoration of the western borders, defeat of Austria, Kőszegi and Babonić families

• Battle of Posada

• TheWallachian army led by Basarab, formed ofcavalry, peasants and footarchers, ambushed and defeated the 30,000-strong Hungarian army, in a mountainous region

• The Golden Horde was pushed back behind theDniester River, the Golden Horde's control of the lands between the Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea weakened
• The establishment ofMoldavia in 1346 as a Hungarian vassal state.

Kingdom of Hungary

 Padua
Republic of Genoa
Duchy of Austria

Kingdom of Poland

• Battle of Nicopolis

• King Sigismund of Hungary had experience fighting with the Ottomans, but the French knights refused his battle plan. The French knights rushed to the Ottoman lines, while the other allies stayed with the Hungarian forces underKing Sigismund, this caused confusion and divided the strength of the Crusader army.
• Ottomans defeat Crusades and no new Anti-Ottoman alliance is formed till the 1440s.
• Ottomans maintain pressure onConstantinople, tightened control over the Balkans, and became a greater threat to central Europe.
• Collapse ofSecond Bulgarian Empire.

• Moldavia became a Hungarian vassal.
• KingSigismund of Hungary occupiedSuceava the capital ofStephen I of Moldavia.

• Battle of Dobor

• King Sigismund achieved a decisive victory overTvrtko II of Bosnia, 126 members of Bosnian nobility were massacred.
• King Sigismund founded theOrder of the Dragon as a celebration of the reoccupation of Bosnia and Dalmatia when he marriedBarbara of Cilli.

• Battle of Motta (1412)

• Battle of Vítkov Hill
  Battle of Vyšehrad
• Battle of Kutná Hora
• Battle of Nebovidy
• Battle of Německý Brod
• Battle of Trnava
• Battle of Ilava

Moderate Hussites (since 1423)

• Compromise between moderate Hussites and the Catholic Church; both join forces to fight the radical Hussites
• The moderate Hussites are recognized by the Catholic Church and allowed to practice their own rite
• The radical Hussites are defeated, and their rites forbidden
• Sigismund of Luxembourg becomes King of Bohemia
• TheBasel Compacts, signed by Emperor Sigismund and Catholic and Hussite representatives, effectively end the Hussite Wars

• Siege of Golubac

• Establishment ofUnio Trium Nationum.

• Siege of Belgrade
• Battle of the Iron Gate
• Battle of the Ialomița

• KingVladislaus I
• John Hunyadi
• Nicholas Újlaki
• Hungarian nobles

• KingLadislaus V
• Ulrich Cillei
• Hungarian nobles

• John Hunyadi andNicholas Újlaki annihilated the troops of Vladislaus opponents atBátaszék at the beginning of 1441. Their victory effectively put an end to the civil war.
• The grateful king appointed Hunyadi and Újlaki jointVoivodes of Transylvania andCounts of the Székelys. Hunyadi was appointed ashead of several southerncounties of the Kingdom of Hungary, he assumed responsibility for the defense of the frontiers.

• Battle of Nish
• Battle of Aleksinac
• Battle of Zlatitsa
• Battle of Melstica
• Battle of Kunovica

• Peace of Szeged

• Vladislaus I of Hungary, the young king, ignoringHunyadi's advice, rushed 500 of his Polish knights against the Ottoman center. They attempted to overrun the Janissary infantry and takeMurad II prisoner, and almost succeeded, but in front of Murad's tent Vladislaus's horse either fell, and the king was slain.
• Murad's casualties atVarna were so heavy, it was not until three days later that he realized he was victorious.
• The Ottoman victory inVarna, followed by the Ottoman victory in theSecond Battle of Kosovo in 1448, deterred the European states from sending any substantial military assistance to theByzantines during the OttomanSiege of Constantinople in 1453.

• John Hunyadi deprivedVlad II Dracul from the Wallachian throne, becauseVlad II Dracul captured Hunyadi after theBattle of Varna.
• Hunyadi placedVladislav II on the throne of Wallachia.
• Hunyadi also drove a small Ottoman army out of Wallachia.

• Second Battle of Kosovo / Rigómező

1456

• Battle of Kruševac
• Siege of Belgrade / Nándorfehérvár

• Siege of Jajce

• Battle of Baia / Moldvabánya

• King Matthias I forced King Casimir IV to withdraw from Hungary

• Battle of Vaslui

• Siege of Vienna / Bécs

• At the end of the campaign, Hungary controlled all of Upper Austria as well, which remained under the control ofKing Matthias until his death, in 1490.

• Hungary defeats the highly outnumbered Ottoman army in Transylvania. Ottoman casualties were extremely high. The battle was the most significant victory for the Hungarians against the raiding Ottomans, and as a result, the Ottoman Turks did not attack southernHungary andTransylvania for many years thereafter.

• Royal power declined in favour of the magnates, who used their power to curtail the peasants' freedom. Gyorgy led a revolt but was eventually caught, tortured, and executed and became known as amartyr or a dangerous criminal.^[29]

• Battle of Mohács

• Decisive downward turning point inHungarian history.
• Destruction of theKingdom of Hungary as an independent and powerful European nation.
• The territory of Hungary was split into two parts in 1529 and into three parts in 1541.
• Around two hundred years of constant warfare with and between two empires, Habsburg and Ottoman, turned Hungary into a perpetual battlefield. The countryside was regularly ravaged by armies moving back and forth devastating the population.

• Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528

• Treaty of Nagyvárad
• Hungary officially split into two parts
• Ottomans gain influence in Eastern Hungary

• Campaign of 1529

Kingdom of Hungary

• Truce of Constantinople (1533)

• Siege of Esztergom

• Buda, Pest,Esztergom and most of central Hungary under Ottoman control
• Szapolyai reduced toEastern Hungary
• Vienna forced to pay tribute

• Siege of Eger

Habsburg monarchy

• Ottomans captureTemesvár,Szolnok,Veszprém, andNógrád
• Ottoman attack onEger repelled by Hungarian defenders

• John Sigismund Zápolya renounced his title of king of Hungary in favour ofMaximilian II of Habsburg^[31]
• He was recognised as prince of Transylvania under the Habsburg kings of Hungary^[31]
• He agreed to marry Maximilian's sisterJoanna.^[31]

• Siege of Szigetvár

• Ottomans captureSzigetvár
• Death ofSuleiman the Magnificent
• Treaty of Adrianople

Székelys

• Therebellion of the city of Danzig was a revolt from December 1575 to December 1577 of the city against the outcome of the1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election. The Polish throne was contested byStephen Báthory and the Holy Roman EmperorMaximillian II.

• Battle of Călugăreni
• Battle of Giurgiu / Gyurgyevó
• Siege of Eger

Principality of Transylvania

Wallachia

Moldavia

• Peace of Zsitvatorok

• Bloody Carnival

Principality of Transylvania

• Treaty of Vienna in 1606.
• All constitutional and religious rights and privileges were granted to the Hungarians in both thePrincipality of Transylvania andRoyal Hungary.
• Stephen Bocskai was recognized as thePrince of Transylvania, and guaranteed the right of Transylvanians to elect their own independent princes in the future.
• Preservation of an independent Transylvania, a potential base for the unification of Hungary.

Ottoman Empire

Moldavia

Transylvanian Saxons

Kingdom of Hungary

Habsburg monarchy

• Kingdom of Hungary

Wallachia

Moldavia

• Gábor Báthory is replaced byGábor Bethlen

• Transylvanian intervention of 1619–1621
• Transylvanian intervention of 1623–1624
• Transylvanian intervention of 1626
• Transylvanian intervention of 1644–1645

 Spain

 Bavaria

Catholic League

Principality of Transylvania

Bohemia

Swedish Empire

 France

Habsburg monarchy

• Kingdom of Hungary

• House of Rákóczi

• House of Bethlen

• Transylvanian military campaign against Poland

• Siege of Nagyvárad (1660)

• Ottomans captureNagyvárad

• Battle of Vízvár (1663)
• Winter Campaign (1664)
• Siege of Léva (1664)
• Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Peace of Vasvár

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Siege of Buda

• Kingdom of Hungary

Holy Roman Empire

• Margraviate of Brandenburg
• Electorate of Bavaria
• Duchy of Lorraine
• Electorate of Saxony

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Rebellion crushed

• Kuruc

 Holy Roman Empire

• Austria
• Prussia
• Margraviate of Baden
• Serbs from theMilitary Frontier
• Transylvanian Saxons
• Kingdom of Croatia
• Royalists
• Danish Auxiliary Corps
  Mercenaries

• Crushing of rebellion

• Royal Hungarian regiments

• Kuruc renegades

Serb troops ofPera Segedinac

• Pera captured before he could join the uprising
• Peasant rebels crushed

• Treaty of Niš
• Treaty of Belgrade

• Kingdom of Hungary

 Great Britain

 Saxony

 Russia

• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
• Maria Theresa retains the Austrian, Bohemian and Hungarian thrones
• Francis of Lorraine, Maria Theresa's husband, confirmed as Holy Roman Emperor

 France

Holy Roman Empire:

• Austria
  • Kingdom of Hungary
•  Saxony

 Russia(until 1762)
Spain(from 1762)
Sweden(1757–62)
Mughal Empire(from 1757)
Abenaki Confederacy

 Great Britain

 Prussia
Portugal(from 1762)
Hanover
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-Lippe
Iroquois Confederacy

• Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)
• Treaty of Hamburg (1762)
• Treaty of Paris (1763)
• Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763)

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Habsburg monarchy
• Prussia(until 1795)

 Great Britain
Army of Condé
Spain(until 1795)^[33]
Dutch Republic(until 1795)
Portugal
 Sardinia(until 1796)

• Peace of Basel
• Peace of Campo Formio

• Habsburg Monarchy
• Hungary

 Great Britain(until 1801)
 United Kingdom(from 1801)
 Russia(until 1799)
 Portugal
 Naples
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Order of Saint John(1798)
Ottoman Empire
French Royalists

• Treaty of Lunéville

•  Austria
• Hungary

Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Sicily
Sweden

 France

• Spain
• Electorate of Bavaria
• Napoleonic Italy
• Batavian Republic
• Württemberg
• Etruria

• Treaty of Pressburg
• Consolidation of theFrench Empire
• Creation of theConfederation of the Rhine
• Dissolution of theHoly Roman Empire
• Formation of theFourth Coalition a few months later

 France

•  Bavaria
• Saxony
• Württemberg
• Westphalia

• Treaty of Schönbrunn

 France

 Naples

• Baden
• Bavaria
• Berg
• Saxony
• Westphalia

 Austria

• Beginning of theWar of the Sixth Coalition

 United Kingdom
Sweden
Russia
Spain
Portugal
Sicily
 Sardinia

• Treaty of Paris
• Treaty of Fontainebleau
• Bourbon Restoration, exile ofNapoleon Bonaparte
• Congress of Vienna

 United Kingdom

Nassau
Brunswick
Sweden
United Netherlands
Spain
Portugal
 Sardinia
Sicily
Tuscany
Switzerland
French Royalists

• Treaty of Paris

War of Independence of 1848–1849

• Serb uprising
• Slovak revolt
• Autumn Campaign
• Winter Campaign
• Spring Campaign
• Summer Campaign

• Revolution suppressed by Austrian, Russian, and allied forces
• Reincorporation of Hungary into the Austrian Empire

• Sardinia annexed Lombardy from Austria
• Sardinia occupied and later annexed Habsburg-ruled Tuscany and Emilia
• France gains Savoy and Nice from Sardinia

• Prussia annexes parts ofBavaria,Hanover,Hesse-Kassel, parts ofHesse-Darmstadt,Holstein,Schleswig,Nassau, andFrankfurt
• Italy annexesVenetia and part ofFriuli
• Dissolution of theGerman Confederation
• Formation of theNorth German Confederation
• Exclusion of Austria from Germany
• Formation ofAustria-Hungary

• Most rebel demands met

• Bosnia placed underAustro-Hungarian occupation as acondominium
• Pacification of local resistance

• Boxer Protocol signed

• Collapse of theAustro-Hungarian Empire and creation of theFirst Hungarian Republic
• Beginning ofRevolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)
• Treaty of Trianon
• Loss of two-thirds ofpre-war Hungarian territory

• Hungarian advance into Czechoslovakia, then withdraw after negotiations
• Creation and dissolution of theSlovak Soviet Republic

• Collapse of theHungarian Soviet Republic
• Romanian occupation of Hungary proceeds

• Soviet rule restored in Prekmurje

• Referendum called
• Sopron and its area remained in Hungary

• Coup fails
• Habsburgs dethroned

• Occupation and annexation of Carpatho-Ukraine

• Annexation of a border strip between eastern Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia

 Slovakia

 Croatia

Government of National Salvation

 Iraq

 Spain

 Argentina

 India

 South Africa

 Ethiopia

 Italy

 Romania(1944–1945)
Finland(1944–1945)
Bulgaria(1944–1945)

• Soviet occupation of Hungary
• Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
• First Vienna Award annulled (Czechoslovakia re-gained some of the territories lost to Hungary in 1938)
• Second Vienna Award annulled (Romania re-gained of Northern Transylvania, lost to Hungary in 1940)
• Hungarian withdrawal and loss ofannexed territories toYugoslavia
• Soviet annexation ofCarpathian Ruthenia (fully became part of again Hungary in 1939)
• Sovietization of Hungary; installation of acommunist puppet regime

• Revolution crushed by Soviet troops
• Re-imposition ofSoviet-backed puppet regime until 1989
• Sovietmilitary presence in Hungary until 1991

• Prague Spring crushed
• Moscow Protocol
• Soviet military presence in Czechoslovakia until 1991

MNF–I

• United States
• United Kingdom
• Australia(2003–2009)
• Poland(2003–2008)
• Albania(2004–2008)
• Armenia(2005–2008)
• Azerbaijan(2004–2008)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina(2005–2008)
• Bulgaria(2004–2008)
• Czech Republic(2004–2008)
• Denmark(2004–2007)
• Dominican Republic(2004–2004)
• El Salvador(2004–2009)
• Estonia(2005–2009)
• Georgia(2004–2008)
• Honduras(2004–2004)
• Hungary(2004–2005)
• Iceland(2004-Unknown)
• Italy(2004–2006)
• Japan(2004–2008)
• Kazakhstan(2004–2008)
• Latvia(2004–2008)
• Lithuania(2004–2007)
• Macedonia(2004–2008)
• Moldova(2004–2008)
• Mongolia(2004–2008)
• Netherlands(2004–2005)
• New Zealand(2004–2004)
• Nicaragua(2004–2004)
• Norway(2004–2006)
• Philippines(2004–2004)
• Portugal(2004–2005)
• Romania(2004–2009)
• Singapore(2004–2008)
• Slovakia(2004–2007)
• South Korea(2004–2008)
• Spain(2004–2004)
• Thailand(2004–2004)
• Tonga(2004–2008)
• Ukraine(2004–2008)

Iraqi National Congress
New Iraqi government

• Iraqi Armed Forces
• Awakening Council

Iraqi Kurdistan

• Peshmerga

Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order

Sunni insurgents

• Islamic State of Iraq
• Islamic Army of Iraq
• Ansar al-Sunnah

Shia insurgents

• Mahdi Army
• Special Groups
• Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
• Others

For fighting between insurgent groups, seeCivil war in Iraq (2006–07).

• Invasion andoccupation of Iraq
• Overthrow ofBa'ath Party government andexecution of Saddam Hussein
• Iraqi insurgency, emergence ofal-Qaeda in Iraq, andcivil war
• Subsequent depletion of al-Qaeda in Iraq, improvements in public security, Iraqi insurgency persists
• Establishment ofdemocratic elections and formation of newShia led government
• U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
• Escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal andspillover with theSyrian Civil War
• Resurgence ofIslamic State of Iraq, the successor of al-Qaeda in Iraq,

• ISAF
• RS

• Taliban
• Al-Qaeda

• United States invasion of Afghanistan (2001)
  • Destruction ofal-Qaeda andTaliban militanttraining camps (2001)
  • Fall of theTaliban government (2001) and Establishment of theIslamic Republic of Afghanistan
• Start ofTaliban insurgency
  • Osama bin Laden killed byDEVGRU operators inAbbottabad, Pakistan in May 2011
  • "Afghanization" of Afghan conflict. Withdrawal of most US troops by 2014
  • End of Operation Enduring Freedom; start of 2015 phase of war, andOperation Freedom's Sentinel. End of US and ISAF led combat mission; beginning of NATO-led training and assistance mission.
  • Doha Agreement andprogressive withdrawal of remaining US troops after 2020^[34]
• RenewedTaliban offensive in 2021
  • Taliban forcescapture Kabul on 15 August 2021 and overthrow the U.S.-backedIslamic Republic of Afghanistan
  • Re-establishment of the Taliban-runIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  • Panjshir Province held out against the Taliban for 3 weeks afterKabul was conquered but ended up also being conquered by theTaliban