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List of wars involving Ethiopia

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This is alist of wars involving the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (modern-dayEthiopia) and itspredecessor states.

Ethiopian Empire (1270–1975)

[edit]
See also:Ethiopian Empire
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
Conquests of Amda Seyon I (1316–1332)EthiopiaVictories
Badley ad-Din II's Invasion of Ethiopia
(1445)
Ethiopian EmpireAdal SultanateVictory
Abyssinian–Adal War
(1529–1543)
Ethiopian Empire
Portuguese EmpirePortuguese Empire(1541–43)
Adal Sultanate
Ottoman Empire(1542–43)
Stalemate
Ottoman–Ethiopian War (1557–1589)Ethiopian EmpireEthiopian EmpireOttoman Empire

Medri Bahri
Adal Sultanate

Victory
Iyasu II's Invasion of Sennar
(1738)
EthiopiaSennar
Supported by:
Darfur
Defeat
  • Iyasu II's army defeated
  • Several of the Ethiopian Emperor's valuables lost
Zemene Mesafint
(1769–1855)
Various factionsVarious factionsReunification of Ethiopia
Ottoman–Ethiopian border conflicts
(1832–1848)
Ethiopian EmpireOttoman EmpireVictory
British Expedition to Abyssinia
(1867–1868)
Ethiopian Empire United KingdomDefeat
Ethiopian–Egyptian War
(1874–1876)
 EthiopiaEgyptian EmpireVictory
  • Egyptian Khedive defeated
  • Collapse of Egyptian Khedivate
Mahdist War
(1881–1889)

Mahdist State

Victory
Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889Ethiopian EmpireKingdom of ItalyCompromise[22]
Menelik's Expansions

(Late 19th century)

Various polities (seeList of polities involved)

Victories
First Italo-Ethiopian War (1896)Ethiopian EmpireKingdom of ItalyVictory
  • Ethiopia retains independence
  • Italians defeated
Dervish War
(1900–1920)
and (1914-1915)[citation needed]Dervish movement
Supported by:[25][26]
German Empire[27]
Ethiopian allied victory
  • Collapse of the Dervish State
Second Italo-Ethiopian War
(1935–1937)
 Ethiopia ItalyDefeat
East African Campaign
(1940–1941)
Ethiopian EmpireEthiopianArbegnoch
Belgium

Free France

 ItalyEthiopian allied victory
Woyane rebellion
(1943)
Ethiopia
United Kingdom[28]
Woyane rebelsVictory
  • Revolt crushed
Korean War
(1950–1953)
Stalemate
Congo Crisis
(1960–1964)
Supported by:
1963–1964:Supported by:
1960–1963:Supported by:
1960–1962:Supported by:
1963–1964:
Supported by:
Victory
Bale Revolt
(1963–1970)
 Ethiopia SomaliaVictory
  • Revolt crushed, peace agreement
1964 Ethiopian–Somali War
(1964)
 EthiopiaStalemate
  • Military offensive of Ethiopia repulsed, ceasefire agreement[34][35]
OLA insurgency
(1973–present)

OLF
(until 2018)
OLA
(initially part of OLF, independent from 2018)
IFLO
(1985–87)
EUPF
(1993–2012)[36]
Supported by:[d]
Eritrea
(1998–2018)[37]
Egypt (alleged)[38]

Ongoing
  • Start of peace talks between government of Ethiopia and theOLA on 25 April 2023[39][40]
  • Conflict resumes after peace talks failed in May 2023.
  • The OLA and the government signed a peace deal on 1 December 2024 and its members started moving into designated camps[41][42][43][44]

Communist Ethiopia (1975–1991)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
Eritrean War of Independence
(1961–1991)
1961–1974
Ethiopian Empire

1974–1991
Derg (1974–1987)
PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991)
Supported by:
ELF (1961–1981)

EPLF (since 1973)
Tigray RegionTPLF (since 1975)
EPLF victory[71]
Ogaden War
(1977[72]–1978[73])
Ethiopian victory
1982 Ethiopian-Somali Border War
(1982–1983)

Ethiopia
SSDF

SomaliaSomalia

Stalemate[77][78]
Ethiopian Civil War
(1974–1991)

Derg (1974–1987)
PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991)
Supported by:
Soviet Union[83][84][85] (1974–1990)
 Cuba (1974–1990)
South Yemen (1974–1990)
Somali anti-Barre groups:

Somali Anti WSLF-groups:

EPRDF

EPRP
MEISON(from 1977)
EDU
OLF
WSLF
ALF
Eritrean separatists:

Somali nationalists:

EPLF/TPLF rebel victory

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (from 1995)

[edit]
See also:Ethiopia § Federal Democratic Republic (1991–present)
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
Insurgency in Ogaden
(1992[90]–2018[91][92])

Ethiopia
Supported by:
Somaliland[93][94]

ONLF
Supported by:
 Eritrea[95]
 Egypt (alleged by Ethiopia)[96]


al-Itihaad al-Islamiya[97]
(1992–97)

Peace agreement reached
Eritrean–Ethiopian War
(1998–2000)
 Ethiopia EritreaEthiopian military victory
Eritrean diplomatic victory[98][99][100]
Ethiopian occupation of Somalia
(2006–2009)
Invasion:Invasion:Islamist insurgent victory, seeConsequences
South Sudanese Civil War
(2013–2020)

United NationsUNMISS[116]

South SudanSouth Sudan

Allied militias:
SSLM
SRF

EUPF[125](alleged)
State allies:
Uganda
Egypt[126](alleged)


South SudanSPLM-IO[127]
Nuer White Army[128]

TFNF[135]
SSFDP[136]
South Sudan National Army[137][138]
NAS
Arrow Boys(since Nov. 2015)
South SudanWau State insurgents[139]
South SudanSSOA(until September 2018)
South SudanSSOMA/NSSSOG(until Jan. 2020)
Supported by:
Sudan(South Sudanese gov. claim)[140]

Stalemate
Oromia–Somali clashes
(2016–2018[141][142])

Ethiopia

Somali RegionSomali

Abdi Illey arrested[143]
Benishangul-Gumuz conflict
(2019–2022[144])

Ethiopia

Fano[145]

Benishangul-Gumuz RegionGumuz People’s Democratic Movement[146]
Benishangul People's Liberation Movement[147]
Oromo Liberation Army
Tigray People's Liberation Front (alleged)

Peace agreement reached
Tigray War
(2020–2022)

Tigray
OLA (2021–22)[152][153]

Pretoria Agreement
Al-Fashaga conflict
(2020–2022)

Amhara RegionAmhara militias
Alleged:
Ethiopia
Eritrea[159]

Sudan

Sudanese victory
  • Disengagement and de-escalation
  • Sudan recaptures all of the border territory withEthiopia.[160][161]
  • Sudan and Ethiopia agree to settle all disputes peacefully.[162]
War in Amhara
(2023–present)

Ethiopia

Fanofactions

Ongoing

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ On 9 July 1951 troop constituents were: US: 70.4%; ROK: 23.3%; other UNC: 6.3%.[29]
  2. ^ONUC, the United Nations Operation in the Congo, included troops fromGhana,Tunisia,Morocco,Ethiopia,Ireland,Guinea,Sweden,Mali,Sudan,Liberia,Canada,India,Indonesia and theUnited Arab Republic among others.[30]
  3. ^The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported bySouth Africa,France,Portuguese Angola and the neighbouringCentral African Federation.[31][32] However, neither was everofficially recognised by any state.[33]
  4. ^Alleged by the government of Ethiopia.[citation needed]
  5. ^The SPLM-IO accused JEM of supporting Kiir's government since 2013, though JEM has denied any involvement and claims to maintain neutrality in the South Sudanese Civil War.[119] TheSudanese government,[120] aid workers[119] and other sources[121] have however affirmed that JEM is taking part in conflict on the side of the South Sudanese government.[122]
  6. ^The Cobra Faction openly opposed the government until 2014, and remained in relative opposition until 2015, when it divided into a pro-government and pro-SPLM-IO faction, the latter of which formed the Greater Pibor Forces. In early 2016, the Cobra Faction effectively disbanded, when the remaining group joined the government.[129][130][131] In September 2016, however, the Cobra Faction was declared restored by some of its commanders and declared that it had resumed its struggle against the government.[132]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^J. Spencer Trimingham,Islam in Ethiopia (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952), p. 75.
  3. ^E. A. Wallis Budge,A history of Ethiopia, pp. 307–308.
  4. ^Gikes, Patrick (2002)."Wars in the Horn of Africa and the dismantling of the Somali State".African Studies.2. University of Lisbon:89–102. Retrieved7 November 2016.
  5. ^Pankhurst, Richard (1997).The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. The Red Sea Press. p. 239.ISBN 978-0-932415-19-6.
  6. ^Dombrowski, Franz Amadeus. Ethiopia's Access to the Sea. Germany: Brill, 2023, p.25
  7. ^Casale, Giancarlo. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2010, p.152
  8. ^Mukhtar, Ismael Ibrahim (2023-10-12).Milestones in the History of Islam in Eritrea (in Arabic). FriesenPress. p. 86.ISBN 978-1-03-918539-5.
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  10. ^Casale, Giancarlo (2010-02-25).The Ottoman Age of Exploration. Oxford University Press. pp. 107–108, 157.ISBN 978-0-19-970338-8.
  11. ^Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.96
  12. ^Hassen, Mohammed (1983)."The Oromo of Ethiopia 1500-1800"(PDF).doi:10.25501/SOAS.00029226.p.206
  13. ^Pankhurst, Richard (1997). The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century.https://books.google.com/books?id=zpYBD3bzW1wC The Red Sea Press. ISBN 9780932415196.
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  22. ^Sarkees, Meredith Reid; Wayman, Frank Whelon (2010).Resort to War: A Data Guide to Inter-State, Extra-state, Intra-State, and Non-State Wars, 1816–2007. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. p. 262.The conclusion of the war is coded as a compromise
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  27. ^Sabry, Fouad (2024-10-17).New Imperialism: The Global Dynamics of 21st Century Expansion. One Billion Knowledgeable.
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  33. ^Nugent 2004, p. 97. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNugent2004 (help)
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  72. ^Ayele 2014, p. 106 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAyele2014 (help): "MOND classified documents reveal that the full-scale Somali invasion came on Tuesday, July 12, 1977. The date of the invasion was not, therefore, July 13 or July 23 as some authors have claimed."
  73. ^Tareke 2000. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTareke2000 (help)
  74. ^Urban, Mark (1983)."Soviet intervention and the Ogaden counter-offensive of 1978".The RUSI Journal.128 (2):42–46.doi:10.1080/03071848308523524.ISSN 0307-1847.Soviet advisers fulfilled a number of roles, although the majority were involved in training and headquarters duties. Others flew combat missions in the MiGs and helicopters.
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  104. ^Axe, David (2 December 2010)."WikiLeaked Cable Confirms U.S.' Secret Somalia Op".Wired.The Washington Post's Pauline Jelinek, citing anonymous sources, described U.S. Special Forces accompanying Ethiopian troops. CBS news revealed that U.S. Air Force gunships were active over southern Somalia during the Ethiopian blitz. Through all the reporting, U.S. officials remained vague or silent on the subject of Washington's involvement. All the same, evidence was mounting that the U.S. had played a leading role in the Ethiopian invasion.
  105. ^Whitlock, Craig (24 November 2011)."U.S. intensifies its proxy fight against al-Shabab in Somalia".The Washington Post....operations are reviving painful memories of an Ethiopian invasion in 2006 that was backed by U.S. forces and preceded by an extensive CIA operation. In that case, the Ethiopian army—with some U.S. air support—rolled in to oust a Muslim fundamentalist movement that had taken over Mogadishu, the capital. But the Ethiopians eventually withdrew after they became bogged down by a Somali insurgency.
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  124. ^abCraze, Tubiana & Gramizzi (2016), p. 160. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFCrazeTubianaGramizzi2016 (help)
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  129. ^"David Yau Yau surrenders Cobra-faction to a General linked to the SPLA-IO: Cobra-faction's splinter group".South Sudan News Agency. 12 January 2016.
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  153. ^"Leaked EU Diplomatic Cable: Delegation of the European Union to Ethiopia".Scoop. 25 August 2021.Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved25 August 2021.
  154. ^"African Union: Agreement reached on permanent cessation of hostilities in Ethiopia".National Post. 2 November 2022.
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  164. ^"Ethiopia: End the month-long arbitrary detention of thousands in Amhara Region".Amnesty International. 2024-11-06.
  165. ^"Ethiopia: Heavy Fighting in Gondar Between Amhara Militias and Government Forces".Stratfor. 3 October 2024. Retrieved2024-10-06.These operations are reportedly part of a broader Fano offensive that began in July, which has enabled Fano to establish control over certain rural areas in Amhara
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