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List of wars involving Cameroon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of wars and conflicts involving theRepublic of Cameroon and its previous states.

Pre-Colonial Cameroon (Before 1882)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2ResultsHead of StateLosses
Fulani War
(1804 – 1808)		Sokoto Caliphate
Support:
Sultanate of Aïr		Sokoto victory
Usman dan Fodio
(Sultan of Sokoto)
Unknown

Colonial Cameroon (1882–1961)

[edit]
British 12-pounder firing at Fort Dachang in 1915.
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2ResultsHead of StateLosses
Kamerun campaign
(1914 – 1916)		 GermanyBritish Empire

 France

BelgiumBelgium

Allied victory
Wilhelm II
(Emperor of Germany)
c. 5,000 soldiers killed[1]
Cameroon War
(1955 – 1964)		Independence War Phase (1955–1960)
France (1955–1960)

Civil War Phase (1960–1964)
Federal Republic of Cameroon
France

Union of the Peoples of Cameroon
Supported by:
People's Socialist Republic of Albania[2]		Government's victory
  • Cameroonian Independence through the establishment of a Pro-French Regime underAhmadou Ahidjo
  • Defeat of UPC insurgents
  • Continued clashes until 1971
Before 1960
René Coty
(President of France)
(1955–1959)
Charles de Gaulle
(President of France)
(1959–1960)
After 1960
Ahmadou Ahidjo
(President of Cameroon)
61,300 – 76,300 civilians killed[3]

Republic of Cameroon (1961–Present)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2ResultsHead of StateLosses
First Bakassi insurgency
(2006–2018)		Cameroon Democratic Republic of Bakassi
Niger Delta militias
Pro-Nigerian militias		Victory
  • Most militants surrendered in 2009
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
Unknown
Central African Republic Civil War
(2012 –Present)
Formerly:
South Africa (2013)
MISCA (2013–2014)
France (2013–2021)[10]
PRNC
CMSPR (since 2024)[11]
Support:
Defunct groups:RJ (2013–2018)
MNLC (2017–2019)
MLCJ (2008–2022)
RPRC (2014–2022)

UPC (2014–2025)
3R (2015–2025)

Ongoing
  • Séléka rebel coalition takes power fromFrançois Bozizé.[13]
  • Michel Djotodia, the leader of Séléka, becomes president
  • President Michel Djotodia abolishes Séléka
  • Low-levelfighting between Ex-Séléka factions and Anti-balaka militias.[14]
  • President Michel Djotodia resigns amid heavy international pressure. Interim government is formed
  • Elections conducted in 2016 withFaustin-Archange Touadéra becoming the president
  • De facto split between ex-Séléka factions controlled north and east and Anti-balaka controlled south and west with a Séléka faction declaring theRepublic of Logone.[15]
  • Fighting between Ex-Séléka factionsFPRC andUPC.
  • Ex-president Bozizé merges all rebel groups and forms theCoalition of Patriots for Change.
  • Elections in 2021 with Touadéra being re-elected as president.
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
Unknown
Boko Haram insurgency
(2012 –Present)		Nigeria

Supported by:

Ongoing (Map of the current military situation)Unknown
Anglophone Crisis
(2017 –Present)		CameroonAmbazoniaOngoing120+[62]
Pro-Biafran insurgency in Bakassi
(2021–present)		Cameroon
Nigeria		Republic of BiafraBNL
Niger Delta militias (from 2025)		Ongoing
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
Unknown

Ambazonia Crisis (2017- Present)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2ResultsHead of StateLosses
Battle of Batibo
(March 3, 2018[63])		CameroonAmbazoniaIndecisive
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
Unknown
Ndop prison break
(July 28, 2018[64])		CameroonAmbazoniaAmbazonian victory
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
unknown
Wum prison break
(September 25, 2018)		CameroonAmbazoniaAmbazonian victory
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
Unknown
Operation Free Bafut
(26 April – May 1, 2020[65])		CameroonAmbazoniaArmed separatists weakened but not expelled entirely from Bafut
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
Unknown
Operation Bamenda Clean
(8 September 2020[66] –present)		CameroonAmbazoniaOngoing
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
Unknown
Operation Bui Clean
(May – June 2021)		CameroonAmbazoniaCameroon claims Victory
  • Ambazonia forces remain a strong presence
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
Unknown
September 2021 Bamessing ambush
(September 16, 2021)		CameroonAmbazoniaAmbazonian victory
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
15
Battle of Bambui
(July 31, 2022)		CameroonAmbazoniaCameroonian victory
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
26

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The exact origin of Ansaru is unclear, but it had already existed as Boko Haram faction[52] before officially announcing its foundation as separate group on 1 January 2012.[52][53][54] The group had no known military presence in Nigeria from 2015, but several of its members appear to be still active. The group appear allied with rag-tag factions in theNigerian bandit conflict and were recently behind theAbuja–Kaduna train attack[55]
  2. ^FollowingMohammed Yusuf's death, Boko Haram splintered into numerous factions which no longer operated under a unified leadership. Though Abubakar Shekau eventually became the preeminent commander of the movement, he never really controlled all Boko Haram groups. Instead, the factions were loosely allied, but also occasionally clashed with each other.[59][60] This situation changed in 2015 when Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIL. Regardless, Shekau did never officially renounce his pledge of allegiance to ISIL as a whole; his forces are thus occasionally regarded as "second branch of ISWAP". Overall, the relation of Shekau with ISIL remains confused and ambiguous. In theBattle of Sambisa Forest of 2021 ISWAP fighters killed Shekau and al-Barnawi nominally remains head of ISWAP[61]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Erlikman 2004.
  2. ^Bego, Fabio (22 March 2023)."Race and Exclusion in State Socialism: African Students in Communist Albania".balkaninsight.com. Fabio Bego. Retrieved10 May 2024.
  3. ^Teretta 2013, pp. 178–179.
  4. ^abRwanda deploys troops to CAR under bilateral arrangementArchived 4 November 2023 at theWayback Machine, The East African, 22 December 2020. Accessed 28 December 2020.
  5. ^"Central African troops and Russian mercenaries accused of abuses in anti-rebel offensive".The New Humanitarian. 29 April 2021.Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved13 May 2021.
  6. ^Sahinkaya, Ezel; Galperovich, Danila (9 May 2020)."Radical Russian Imperial Movement Expanding Global Outreach".Voice of America.Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved8 October 2022.
  7. ^L'incroyable constellation des groupes armés en CentrafriqueArchived 29 July 2023 at theWayback Machine, 27 July 2023
  8. ^Ndeke Luka, Ndeke Luka (2 May 2024)."Centrafrique : des miliciens A Zandé Ani Kpi Gbé intègrent les rangs des Faca à Obo".radiondekeluka.org. Radio Ndeke Luka.Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved4 May 2024.
  9. ^"Morocco has deployed 762 blue helmets in the MINUSCA, who, he said, have succeeded in establishing bonds of trust with local populations regardless of their religious affiliations, said Bourita".Morocco expresses full support for Central African Republic Peace Agreement. The North Africa Post.Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved30 September 2021.
  10. ^France suspends military, budgetary support to Central African RepublicArchived 20 March 2023 at theWayback Machine, 8 June 2021
  11. ^Centrafrica, Centrafrica (25 November 2024)."La rébellion d'Armel SAYO attaque un poste des FACA à Boulo".centrafrica.com. Centrafrica. Retrieved28 November 2024.
  12. ^"Sudan paramilitary funnelling weapons into Central African Republic, UN report reveals". 9 August 2019.Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved1 June 2020.
  13. ^Looting and gunfire in captured CAR capitalArchived 24 March 2013 at theWayback Machine. Al Jazeera.com (25 March 2013). Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  14. ^26 villagers killed by militants in Central African RepublicArchived 23 November 2015 at theWayback Machine. NewsGhana.com.gh (22 November 2015). Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  15. ^Central African rebel leader declares autonomous republicArchived 11 October 2017 at theWayback Machine. Reuters (15 December 2015). Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  16. ^Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.Archived 24 September 2015 at theWayback Machine By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.
  17. ^Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.Archived 4 March 2016 at theWayback Machine AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.
  18. ^West Africa leaders vow to wage 'total war' on Boko HaramArchived 3 March 2016 at theWayback Machine By John Irish and Elizabeth Pineau. 17 May 2014 2:19 PM.
  19. ^African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims, Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.
  20. ^"Vigilantes Settle Local Scores With Boko Haram".Voice of America. 15 February 2015.Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved15 February 2015.
  21. ^ICG (2018), pp. i, 4–8. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFICG2018 (help)
  22. ^ICG (2018), pp. 5, 6. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFICG2018 (help)
  23. ^ICG (2018), pp. i, 3, 7. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFICG2018 (help)
  24. ^ICG (2018), p. 3. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFICG2018 (help)
  25. ^Adama Nossiter (12 March 2015)."Mercenaries Join Nigeria's Military Campaign Against Boko Haram".The New York Times.Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved16 March 2015.
  26. ^Colin Freeman (10 May 2015)."South African mercenaries' secret war on Boko Haram".The Daily Telegraph.Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved17 March 2018.
  27. ^"Pro-Turkey Syria mercenaries head to Niger to earn cash".Agence France-Presse. 16 May 2024.
  28. ^"After Libya and Azerbaijan.. Turkey leads a new "mercenary" campaign for Syrians in an African country in exchange for great financial temptations" (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 January 2024. Retrieved27 January 2024.
  29. ^"Obama to deploy 300 US troops to Cameroon to fight Boko Haram | World news".The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 14 October 2015.Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved25 October 2015.
  30. ^"US troops deployed to Cameroon for Boko Haram fight". Al Jazeera English. 14 October 2015.Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved25 October 2015.
  31. ^Andrew McGregor (8 May 2019)."Nigeria Seeks Russian Military Aid in its War on Boko Haram".Aberfoyle International Security. Retrieved28 April 2019.
  32. ^abcKidnapped schoolgirls: British experts to fly to Nigeria 'as soon as possible'.Archived 8 January 2017 at theWayback Machine theguardian.com, Wednesday 7 May 2014 17.33 BST.
  33. ^"British troops to help fight against Boko Haram as SAS target Isil".the Telegraph. 20 December 2014.Archived from the original on 11 February 2018. Retrieved4 April 2018.
  34. ^Union agrees to send 7,500 troops to fight Boko Haram in Nigeria[dead link].Mashable.com, 31 January 2015.
  35. ^The African Union Readies an Army to Fight Boko HaramArchived 3 July 2015 at theWayback Machine, Medium.com.
  36. ^Hassan Ibrahim (13 May 2024)."Turkey recruits Syrians to fight in Africa under supervision of Sultan Murad Division".Enab Baladi.
  37. ^"Consisting of 250 members.. Turkish intelligence is preparing the second batch of Syrian mercenaries to be sent to Niger" (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 May 2024. Retrieved5 May 2024.
  38. ^Iaccino, Ludovica (5 December 2016)."Nigeria turns east: Russia and Pakistan now selling warplanes to help in Boko Haram fight".Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved1 May 2018.
  39. ^"Nigerian Special Forces battalion completes training course in Pakistan".quwa.org. 8 June 2017.Archived from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved1 May 2018.
  40. ^Canada joins effort to free Nigerian schoolgirls.Archived 1 July 2014 at theWayback Machine 14 May 2014 3:23 pm Updated: 15 May 2014 7:01 pm. By Murray Brewster, The Canadian Press
  41. ^"Egypt Pledges To Support Nigeria in Fight Against Boko Haram • Channels Television". 30 May 2015.Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved1 May 2018.
  42. ^"Boko Haram: Egypt assures Nigeria of support – The Nation Nigeria". 20 October 2015.Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved1 May 2018.
  43. ^Israel sends experts to help hunt for Nigerian schoolgirls kidnapped by Islamists.Archived 10 September 2018 at theWayback MachineThe Jerusalem Post; 20 May 2014 18:03.
  44. ^"Feeling the heat: West combats extremists' advance in Africa's deserts". CNN. 27 February 2015.Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved13 February 2016.
  45. ^"Boko Haram: Obasanjo leads Colombian security experts to Buhari – Premium Times Nigeria". 12 October 2015.Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved1 May 2018.
  46. ^"In Pictures: Lt. General Buratai visits Colombia".The NEWS. 25 January 2016.Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved2 February 2016.
  47. ^Беларусь попала в ТОП-20 мировых лидеров по экспорту вооруженийArchived 27 October 2018 at theWayback Machine –Военно-политическое обозрение, 1 марта 2017
  48. ^"Shekau Resurfaces, Accuses New Boko Haram Leader al-Barnawi of Attempted Coup".360nobs. 4 August 2016.Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved16 July 2018.
  49. ^Yinka Ibukun (26 March 2018)."Nigeria Turns to Dialogue to End 9-Year Islamist Insurgency".Bloomberg News.Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved16 July 2018.
  50. ^"Everything We Know About Lakurawa, the New Terrorist Group in Nigeria". 9 November 2024.
  51. ^ICG 2014, pp. 22–24, 27. sfn error: no target: CITEREFICG2014 (help)
  52. ^abICG 2014, p. 26. sfn error: no target: CITEREFICG2014 (help)
  53. ^Sudarsan Raghavan (31 May 2013)."Nigerian Islamist militants return from Mali with weapons, skills".The Washington Post.Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved29 December 2014.
  54. ^Steve White (13 March 2013)."Nigerian hostage deaths: British hostage executed in error".Daily Mirror.Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved29 December 2014.
  55. ^Jacob Zenn (9 December 2017)."Electronic Jihad in Nigeria: How Boko Haram Is Using Social Media".Jamestown Foundation.Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved16 July 2018.
  56. ^ICG 2014, pp. 22, 26. sfn error: no target: CITEREFICG2014 (help)
  57. ^ICG 2014, pp. 22, 26, 27. sfn error: no target: CITEREFICG2014 (help)
  58. ^"Islamists Ansaru claim attack on Mali-bound Nigeria troops: paper". Reuters. 20 January 2013. Archived fromthe original on 2 February 2013.
  59. ^abTRADOC G-2 (2015), pp. 4, 19. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFTRADOC_G-22015 (help)
  60. ^ICG 2014, pp. ii, 22, 26, 27. sfn error: no target: CITEREFICG2014 (help)
  61. ^Warner & Hulme (2018), p. 22. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFWarnerHulme2018 (help)
  62. ^"Cameroon says Military Casualties Mounting".Voice of America. 27 June 2018. Retrieved15 August 2018.
  63. ^4000 persons in Batibo displaced after deadly clashes between gunmen and security forces, Journal du Cameroun, Mar 8, 2018. Accessed Aug 25, 2018.
  64. ^Ndop prison burnt, prisoners freed, Journal du Cameroun, July 29, 2018. Accessed July 29, 2018.
  65. ^Cameroon:Two Ambazonia ‘Generals’ killed after military raid in Bafut, Journal du Cameroun, May 4, 2020. Accessed May 4, 2020.
  66. ^Cameroon: Security officials in Bamenda launch operation to protect population, Journal du Cameroun, Sep 8, 2020. Accessed Sep 9, 2020.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Buchan, John (1922).A History of the Great War. Vol. I. Boston and New York: Fb&c Limited.OCLC 558495465.
  • Dane, Edmund (2017) [1919].British Campaigns in Africa and the Pacific, 1914-1918. London: FB&C Limited.ISBN 9780266310419.
  • Deltombe, Thomas (2011).Kamerun! Une guerre cachée aux origines de la Françafrique (1948 - 1971) (in French). Paris: La Découverte.ISBN 978-2-7071-5913-7.
  • Erlikman, Vadim (2004).Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik (in Russian). Moscow: Russkai︠a︡ panorama.ISBN 5-93165-107-1.
  • Killingray, David (2011). "The War in Africa". In John Horne (ed.).Companion to World War I. London: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 112–126.ISBN 9781118275801.
  • Strachan, Hew (2004).The First World War in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-199-25728-0.
  • Teretta, Meredith (2013).Nation of Outlaws, State of Violence: Nationalism, Grassfields Tradition, and State Building in Cameroon. Athens: Ohio University Press.ISBN 9780821444726.
  • Van Reybrouck, David (2014).Congo: The Epic History of a People. Brussels: HarperCollins.ISBN 9780062200112.
  • Boyd, Jean (1986). Mahdi Adamu (ed.).Pastoralists of the West African Savanna. Manchester, UK: International African Institute.
Lists of wars involving African countries
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