• Arbanon rebels initially defeat Nicaean forces
• The revolt is put under control by 1259
• Albanian nobles rebel again in 1260-1270 around Durrës

• Kingdom of AlbaniaAngevinKingdom of Sicily

• Albanian nobility and forces

• The Anjou were largely expelled from Albania (1281) by a coalition of Byzantines and local Albanian forces, only Durrës and Aulon remain under Angevin rule.
• Andrea I Muzaka establishes a de facto independent territorial rule, which later included the Myzeqe area west of Berat between the Devoll and the Vjosa

• Kantakouzenos victory
• John VI Kantakouzenos defeats regents
• Recognized as senior emperor
• Serbia gained Macedonia and Albania, and soon after Epirus and Thessaly, establishing theSerbian Empire
• Bulgaria gains northern Thrace

Navarrese Company

Kingdom of Navarre

• ThePrincipality of Albania capturesDurrës.
• End of theAngevin Kingdom of Albania.

• An Epirote invasion force is badly defeated by the Albanians at theBattle of Achelous and the Epirote leader,Nikephoros II Orsini, is killed.
• Albanians invade Epirus.Pjetër Losha forms theDespotate of Arta andGjin Bua Shpata forms theDespotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto.
• Serbs take control of the rest of Epirus.

• Gjergj I Balsha, allied with the Mataranga family go to war against Karl Thopia.
• Gjergj I Balsha gets captured by Karl Thopia and gets held until 1366 when theRepublic of Ragusa mediated peace.^[2]

• Despotate of Arta

AlbanianMazaraki Tribe
AlbanianMalakasi Tribe

• Albanian forces with support from Aromanian tribes besiege and attack Ioannina from 1367 to 1370.^[3]
• An agreement is made where the daughter, Irene, of the ruler of Epirus,Thomas Preljubović marries the son, Gjin, of the ruler of Arta, Pjetër Losha. This ends the siege.

• Albanian forces underGjin Bua Shpata defeat forces underThomas Preljubović and ravaged the countryside of Ioannina, but fail to capture the city.
• An agreement is made where the sister, Helena, of the ruler of Epirus,Thomas Preljubović marriesGjin Bua Shpata.

Kingdom of NavarreKingdom of France

• Navarrese victory.
• Louis of Évreux captures Durrës.
• Reestablishment of theKingdom of Albania.

• Knights Hospitaller captureNafpaktos andVonitsa
• The Gjin Bua Shpata ambushed the Knights Hospitaller Army and captured Grand Master Juan Fernández de Heredia and holds him for ransom
• Gjin Bua Shpata recaptures Nafpaktos

• Preljubović, leader of Epirus, appealed for help from the Ottomans and Frank's who provide the Epirotes with an auxiliary force.
• Thomas Preljubović uses his new auxiliary to good use by capturing many fortresses in the Despotate of Arta, but Albanians under Gjon Shpata, together with theMazarakii tribe held their defensive positions.

• Albanians besiege Ioannina.
• Shpata withdraws due to strong city defences. The two sides later negotiate peace.

• Albanian - Ottoman forces defeatZetan forces.
• Balsha II is killed in theBattle of Savra.

• Albanian and Aromanian forces are defeated in four battles against Epirote, Thessalian and Ottoman forces around Jannina.
• Albanian forces withdraw into the surrounding mountains. Peace lasts from 1391–1394.

• Venice invades and successfully capturesDurrës from the Princedom.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Epirote forces led byEsau de' Buondelmonti invade Zenebishi territory in 1399, but are routed in battle by the Albanians and Esau is captured.
• Esau is released after a large ransom is paid in 1400, ending the war.

• Forces under Vonko invade and capture Arta, expellingSkurra Bua Shpata.
• Muriq Shpata's forces drive Vonko out of Arta and take control of the city. Skurra maintains control of Angelokastron.

1403–1407:
Despotate of Arta

• Forces loyal toPal Shpata
• Forces loyal toMaurice Shpata

Ottoman Empire (1406 only)
1407–1408:
Despotate of Arta (supported byMuriq Shpata)

• Carlo I Tocco invadesSkurra Bua Shpata's area of the Despotate of Arta.
• Muriq reinforces Skurra but the latter is killed in battle by the Epirotes in 1403.
• Skurras' son, Pal, seeks Ottoman aid, ceding Angelokastron to the Ottoman Empire. However, only a small Ottoman contingent is sent which is defeated in battle in 1406.
• Pal retreats from most of his areas the same year and cedes Naupaktos to Venice in 1407.
• Tocco captures Angelokastron from the Ottomans in 1408.
• A Tocco attack against the city of Arta is repelled by Albanians under Muriq in 1408.

• Most of the mainland territories across from the Venetian possession of Corfu were taken.

• A local rebellion breaks out in the Shkodër area in early 1405. The Balšići intervene in favour of the rebels and capture all of the region includingDrivast, but fail to captureRozafa Castle in Shkodër.
• The Venetians retake Drivast in August 1405, followed by the Zetan coastal towns ofBar,Ulcinj andBudva.
• Peace is negotiated in 1409 however the Venetians broke the peace agreement shortly afterwards, resulting in the Zetans resuming war in early 1410. Shkodër is besieged.
• Peace is made in early 1413 although both sides are unsatisfied.

• Princedom of Albania

• MuzakaLordship

• Forces underNiketa Thopia are heavily defeated during a skirmish with forces underTheodor Corona Musachi.
• Niketa Thopia is captured, and only released after ceding territory around theShkumbin River to the Muzaka family.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

AlbanianShpata Family

• Despotate of Arta

• Albanians invade Epirus following the expulsion of Eudocia Balsic from Ioannina and the establishment of Carolo Tocco.^[7]
• Epirote forces are defeated in battle, however Albanian forces fail to take Ioannina.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Ottomans conquer the territory of the Principality.
• Ruler of the Principality,Gjon Zenebishi, goes into exile inCorfu.

• The Shpata's suffer defeat at a battle near Nicopolis.
• Jakob Bua Shpata, ruler of the Despotate of Arta, is killed in an ambush at Bompliana in October 1416.
• Following the death of Jakob Epirote forces successfully invade and annex the territory previously under control by Shpata clan.^[8]

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Ottomans successfully besiegeGjirokastër and reconquer the territory of the Principality.
• Ruler of the Principality,Depë Zenebishi, goes into exile inCorfu.

• Dukagjini Family
• Kastrioti family
• Humoj family
• Zaharia family

• Venice captured Ulcinj, Grbalj, and territory of Paštrovići, with Kotor deciding to accept Venetian suzerainty
• Serbian Despotate captured Drivast and returned its suzerainty over Bar, Budva, and Luštica

• Arianiti family
• Thopia family
• Kastrioti family (until Summer 1433)
• Zenebishi family (from Late 1432)
• Dukagjini family (from Summer 1433)

Support:
Venice

• Albanian rebels led byAndrea Thopia attack Ottomans in Central Albania in 1432, beginning the revolt. Krujë is unsuccessfully besieged.
• Rebels captureVlorë in May 1432. An Ottoman invasion force of 10,000 men is defeated in the Winter of 1432 by forces ofGjergj Arianiti at the Central valley of theShkumbin.
• Depë Zenebishi joins the revolt in late 1432, capturingKëlcyrë,Zagorie andPogon that year.
• Zenebishi's forces besiege Gjirokastër, the capital of the Sanjak of Albania, between late 1432 until early 1433 but are defeated by the Ottomans.
• Ottoman forces pillage Kanina and Yannina in the Summer of 1433 and then invade Gjon Kastrioti's lands, bringing him out of the war.
• Nikollë Dukagjini rebels in Summer 1433 and captures areas of the formerPrincipality of Dukagjini including Dagnum.
• Zenebishi's forces besiege Kanina.
• Ottomans recapture Vlorë in May 1434.
• A second Ottoman invasion force is defeated, again byGjergj Arianiti, in South-Central Albania, August 1434.
• With Venetian aid, Ottomans take back Dagnum in 1435.
• A third Ottoman invasion force is defeated by Gjergj Arianiti in April 1435, ending hostilities until 1436.
• Attempts are made to ally the Albanian rebels with theHoly Roman Empire bySigismund, however talks end when a fourth Ottoman invasion force subdues Albania in mid-1436, committing massacres against the civilian population and defeating the un-unified rebel forces.

1444–46:
League of Lezhë

1446–50:
League of Lezhë
AngevinKingdom of Naples

• State of Arianiti

1450–51:
Albanians underSkanderbeg
MuzakaLordship

AngevinKingdom of Naples

• State of Arianiti

1451–54:
AngevinKingdom of Naples

• Principality ofKastrioti
• State of Arianiti
• Muzaka Lordship

1454–56:
AngevinKingdom of Naples

• Principality ofKastrioti
• Principality ofDukagjini
• MuzakaLordship

1456–68:
AngevinKingdom of Naples

• Principality ofKastrioti
• Principality ofDukagjini
• Muzaka Lordship

Republic of Venice

• State of Arianiti

1468–78:
AngevinKingdom of Naples

• Principality ofKastrioti
• Principality ofDukagjini

1478–79:
AngevinKingdom of Naples

• Principality ofDukagjini

Republic of Venice

• State of Arianiti
• Albanian resistance forces

Lordship of Zeta (Siege of Shkodra only)

• Muzaka Lordship

1444–46:
Ottoman Empire

1446–50:
Ottoman Empire

1450–51:
Ottoman Empire
Principality ofDukagjini
State of Arianiti

1451–54:
Ottoman Empire

• Principality ofDukagjini

1454–56:
Ottoman Empire

• State of Arianiti

1456–68:
Ottoman Empire

1468–78:
Ottoman Empire

• MuzakaLordship

1478–79:
Ottoman Empire

• MuzakaLordship

• The Ottomans are defeated in numerous battles by the Albanians, mostly under Skanderbeg.
• Albanian resistance weakens following the death ofSkanderbeg in 1468.
• Krujëfalls in 1478 after three previous failed sieges in1450,1466 and1467.
• Shkodërfalls in 1479.

• Humoj Family
• Vulkuta's Forces
• Ugrin's Forces
• Zapa Family
• Pedantari Family
• Moneta Family
• Malonši Family
• Sornja's Forces

Ottoman Empire

• Albanians besiegeDagnum andDurazzo in December.
• Ottomans invade Albania andbesiegeSvetigrad in May.
• Albanian victory at theBattle of the River Drin in July. Scutari is besieged.
• Balec is garrisoned by the Albanians but a Venetian offensive retakes and burns down the fortress. An Albanian assault against a Venetian fortress byHamza Kastrioti is defeated.
• Svetigrad falls to the Ottomans in late July.
• Ottoman invasion repelled at theFirst Battle of Oranik in August.
• With Durazzo, Scutari, and Dagnum close to surrender, Venetians make peace in October.
• Venice keeps Dagnum and cedes all territory on the Albanian side of the Drin to the League. Venice also paysSkanderbeg a lifetime pension and provides trade privileges to theArianiti.

• Forces under Ivan Crnojević land near Dubrovnik following the breakout of an Ottoman civil war.
• With aid from Zetan rebels and Albanian forces led byGjon Kastrioti II, Ivan Crnojević re-establishes thePrincipality of Zeta.^[9]

• Süleyman Pasha reasserts his claim over theMontenegro vilayet.
• Retreat ofVenetian forces.

Pashalik of Yanina

• Shkodran forces recapture theSanjak of Durrës

• MontenegrinNikšići tribe
• MontenegrinPaštrovići tribe
• MontenegrinBjelice tribe

• Albanian Shkodran forces underKara Mahmud Pasha invade Montenegro.
• Albanian forces pass through the territories of theNikšići,Paštrovići andBjelice.
• The Montenegrin coastline is reached and Cetinje is burnt down.

• Pashalik of Yanina
• Bosnia eyalet
• Rumelia Eyalet

• Pashalik of Scutari loses large parts of its territories held outside of theSanjak of Scutari
• Ottomans fail to overthrowKara Mahmud Pasha, after decisive defeat in theSiege of Shkodër
• Outbreak of theRusso-Turkish War in 1787 and theAustro-Turkish War in 1788 forces Ottoman Authorities to withdraw from further Operations againstKara Mahmud Pasha
• After Imperial pardonKara Mahmud Pasha joins the Ottomans against the Austrians in theAustro-Turkish War

• Souliote forces defeatAli Pasha

(1795)

• In 1795 Kara Mahmud Pasha conquered parts of Southern Albania and much ofKosovo.^[10]
• Kara Mahmud Pasha defeated Ottoman forces inPrizren and annexed the Sanjak by installing his own nephew as governor of the sanjak.^[10]
• Ottomans besieged Shkodra and retreated after being defeated by Kara Mahmud Pasha, then returned but again failed to complete the siege.

• SerbianPiperi Tribe
• SerbianBjelopavlići Tribe

• Shkodran forces march into Montenegro northwards in 1796 but are defeated at theBattle of Martinići, near modern-dayGornji Martinići, 3.5 km north ofSpuž.
• Lješkopolje is taken by the Albanians as forces under Bushati prepares to raidCetinje.
• Shkodran Albanians are intercepted and engage the Montenegrin atBattle of Krusi, suffering defeat. The leader of the Shkodran Albanians,Kara Mahmud Pasha, is killed.
• Shkodran forces fall back toPodgorica, within Ottoman territory.

(18–25 October 1798)

• Albanianbashi-bazouks

• Albanian Forces defeat French Forces.
• On The 25 Octobergénéral de brigadeNicolas Grégoire Aulmont de Verrières [fr] Ordered the destruction of fortifications and the evacuation of remaining French forces and Greek inhabitants of the town to Corfu.

• Albanian ForcesTurkish-speaking Forces andboudin forces

• Muhammad Ali establishes his rule over Sudan

Albanianbashi-bazouks

• Muhammad Ali Pasha defeats Ottomans in several battles.
• provinces of Greater Syria are granted to Muhammad Ali Pasha.

• Albanias are victorious in theirUprising in Shkodër in 1833.
• The same year anotheruprising brakes out in Southern Albania,where the rebels are once again victorious.
• AnotherUprising brakes out during 1834-1835, in which ottomans are victorious in Southern Albania and Albanians are victorious in Northern Albania.
• Two more Uprisings brake out in Southern Albania,one in 1836 and another in 1839.Ottomans suppress the uprising in 1836,however Albanians are victorious in the Uprising of 1839.

• The uprising is suppressed by the Ottomans.
• Dervish Cara iscaptured

Albanianbashi-bazouksSpanish EmpireKingdom of France

British EmpireAustrian EmpireRussian EmpirePrussia

• Ottomans defeat Egyptian Forces.
• Egypt drops Claims on Greater Syria.
• Muhammad Ali Pasha is recognized as Ruler of Egypt by Britain.

• Serbian Piperi Tribe
• Serbo-Albanian Kuči Tribe
• Serbian Bjelopavlići Tribe

Crmnica Tribes

• Following a poor harvest and increased centralisation by the Montenegrin Prince, tribes in Brda and Crmnica rise up and attempt to secede from Montenegro.
• The rebellion is quickly crushed and the ringleaders shot.

• Montenegrin forces suffer heavy casualties
• Death ofPope Savo Vujović

• Greek forces captureSaranda.
• Albanians defeat the Greeks inGjashtë and again inKaralibej.
• Greek forces retreat to the Lëkurës Castle which is besieged and retaken by Albanian troops, forcing Greeks to retreat.

Support:The Great Powers
Principality of Montenegro

• League of Prizren captures areas of Kosovo and prevents Montenegrin annexation of Ulcinj.
• Great Powers blockade Ulcinj and request the Ottomans "to pacify" the League.
• Ottoman forces take Prizren, dismantle the League and deport the leaders of the League from Kosovo. They then invade Ulcinj and deliver it to Montenegro.

• Albanianvolunteers

• Italianvolunteers
• Armenian volunteers^[14]

• Small parts ofThessaly ceded to the Ottoman Empire^[15]

• Rebellion suppressed

(1911)

• The Ottomans peacefully pacify the rebels

• De-jure establishment of theAlbanian Vilayet
• Albanians Capture most of the Lands known today asGreater Albania

• Albanian rebels Capture the Lumë Tower
• Albanian rebels then Attack a Caravan of retreating Serbian soldiers near Prizren.

Principality of Albania(1921)

• Yugoslav forces retreat from the 1913 borders.
• Yugoslavia fails to invade Albania.

• Essad Pasha Toptani takes over large parts of Central Albania and forms a new state.
• Toptani's invasion of Elbasan is repelled. Dutch forces shell Toptani's house, forcing his surrender.
• Toptani is deported to Italy but the revolt continues.
• Muslim Rebels defeat Dutch-Mirdita Catholic forces at the Battle ofShijak.
• Muslim Rebels captureBerat andVlora
• Durrës is besieged.
• The Senate of Central Albania formed.
• Toptani invades and captures Central Albania and Dibër with Italian and Serb support and reforms the Republic of Central Albania.
• Durrës is captured by Toptani unopposed.

• Italy occupiesSazan Island andVlorë.

Kingdom of Serbia
Montenegro

• Austria-Hungary occupies northern and central Albania
• The Republic of Central Albania is conquered, and a defensive line is set up in the south of Albania along theVjosa river.^[16]

Kingdom of Italy
French Third Republic

• Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë

Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Serbia
Montenegro

• Bulgaria defeated all allied forces and fully occupied Albania for the remainder of the war

• Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë

Support:
Kingdom of Greece

• French and Greek troops withdraw
• Albania regains control ofKorçë
• Dissolution of theAutonomous Province of Korçë

• Yugoslav Forces capture parts ofShkodra but are pushed back by Albanian Resistance.^[17][18]
• Yugoslav Forces invade tribal regions of Kelmendi, Kastrati, Shkrel and Koplik but are forced to retreat back to Montenegro^[17][18]

• protectorate over Albania

• Italy voluntarily abandons Vlora, but annexes the island of Saseno.
• Italy abandons plans to establish a mandate over Albania, but retains diplomatic protection over the country to guarantee its special interests

Albanian guerillas led by Ahmet Zog

Kingdom of Greece
Republic of Mirdita

Army of Wrangel

• Yugoslav Forces invade Albania but are forced to retreat due to Albanian resistance and pressure of the League of Nations.

• TheKachaks
• Southern Albanian Çetas

Kelmendi Tribesmen

• Mati Tribesmen
• Tribesmen fromDiber

White Movement
Yugoslav Army

• Fan Noli becomes thePrime Minister of Albania
• Exile ofAhmet Zogu
• Six months laterZogu withGreat Powers andYugoslav support wouldcoup the government

White Army
Support:
Great Powers

• Ahmet Zog coups the government ofFan Noli with the help of Yugoslav Army andGreat Powers
• Exile ofFan Noli

• Italian occupation of Albania

• Italian Albania

• Greek tactical victory, strategic stalemate.
• German intervention in 1941 with eventual Greek surrender.

(1941)

Kingdom of Italy

• Italian Albania

Hungary

• Axis victory
• Occupation of Yugoslavia
• Albania gains parts of Kosovo, Montenegro and North Macedonia

• Albanians drive theChetniks out of the 2 villages

• Italian Albania

Nazi Germany (From 1943)

• German Albania

Balli Kombëtar (From 1943)
Second League of Prizren (From 1943)

• Liberation of Albania from Axis occupation.
• Balli Kombëtar defeated.
• Albania becomes aCommunist state.

LANÇ
Supported by:
United Kingdom
Yugoslav Partisans

• Establishment of theDemocratic Government of Albania.

• The Uprising is suppressed.
• Communist forces gain control of the Kelmendi region.

• The Uprising is suppressed.
• Communist forces gain control of the Mirdita region.

Financial/Military support:

United States

• Pogradec Agreement
• Withdrawal of theYugoslav People's Army from the border with Albania
• Expulsion of Yugoslavs from Albania
• Cessation of armed provocations by the Albanian Commando Guard