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List of transport megaprojects

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

This is alist of megaprojects within the transport sector. Take care in comparing the cost of projects from different times—even a few years apart—due toinflation; comparingnominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading. Note that inflation-calculated values are current as of 2024[update].

According to theOxford Handbook of Megaproject Management in 2017, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people."[1]

Completed projects

[edit]
ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationEst. cost (USD billions)Start of
construction		Year of
completion		ImageNotes
At or near
time of
completion		Adjusted for
inflation
Tokaido ShinkansenHigh-speed railJapanTaiheiyō Belt1.06[2]8.1719591964
Map of Tokaidō Shinkansen, with the Tokaidō Shinkansen route shown in orange and stops labeled
Map of Tokaidō Shinkansen
Original segment of the first shinkansen line
Çanakkale 1915 BridgeBridge (road)TurkeyÇanakkale4[3]4.5620172022
Spans two continents.Longest suspension bridge span in the world.[4]
Sha Tin to Central LinkRapid transitHong KongHong Kong, FromTai Wai,New Territories toAdmiralty,Hong Kong Island11.6[5]1320122022
HK$90.7 billion[5]
La Línea TunnelTunnel (road)ColombiaCordillera Central0.27[6]0.3220092020
Diagram showing cross-section of the tunnel through a mountain
Cross-section of the tunnel
Thameslink ProgrammeCommuter rail upgradeUnited KingdomSoutheast England8.97[7]10.6820092020
Construction occurring at the Blackfriars Underground station work site during the Thameslink Programme rebuilding, as seen from platform 5 of the Blackfriars mainline station.
Blackfriars Underground station work site
(GBP7bn)[7]
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnelTunnel (road)United StatesSeattle3.3[8]420132019
MRT Yellow LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok Metropolian Region1.6820172023As of now. No extension is planned
MRT Pink LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok Metropolian Region1.620172025Last extension in May 2025
Santiago Metro Line 3, Phase One and 2023 extension.Rapid transitChileSantiago2.17[9][10]2.4720122023
Combined cost of initial line and extension.[9][10]
Santiago Metro Line 6Rapid transitChileSantiago1.26[11]1.5820142017
Map of Line 6. Runs east and then north around outskirts of central Santiago
Map of Line 6
Crimean BridgeBridge (rail/road)Russia (one end is recognized internationally as being owned by Ukraine, but is de facto controlled by Russia)3.7[12]4.520152019
Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau BridgeBridge–tunnelChinaHong Kong,ChinaZhuhai, andMacau19.2[13]23.620092018¥127 billion
New Tappan Zee BridgeBridge (road)United StatesSouth Nyack toTarrytown, New York3.98[14]4.8820132018
Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railwayRailwayIsraelIsraelJerusalem,Israel1.9–2.5[15]2.3–3.120012004(first section)
2007(second section)
2018(final section)		NIS7-9 billion[15]
Abuja Light Rail (phase 1 nearing completion)
[when?][16]		Light RailNigeriaAbuja2.7[16][17]3.320072018Abuja Rail Mass Transit
Noord/ZuidlijnRapid transit lineNetherlandsAmsterdam4.32[18]6.12200220182011-05-12 Startschacht Damrak(€3.1bn)
Klang ValleyMRT Line 1Rapid transitMalaysiaKuala Lumpur11.7[19]15.820122017MRT SBK Semantan station2(MYR36B)
Ionia OdosHighwayGreeceWestern Greece1.8[20]2.320072017(€1.4bn)
Otoyol 5HighwayTurkeyIstanbul toİzmir7[21]8.420132019
IncludingOsman Gazi Bridge which has the8th longest suspension bridge span in the world.[22]
German Unification Transport Projects
(Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit)		Transport project to achieveGerman unityGermanyGermany42[23]52.719912016 – continues expansion until 2020Karte Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit
AVE - Spain's high-speed railway networkHigh-speed railSpainSpain44[24]57.319922016 - continues expansion40[24] billion euros
Yavuz Sultan Selim BridgeBridge (rail/road)TurkeyIstanbul2[25]2.620132016World's fifth-tallest bridge of any type.[26]
Evergreen Point Floating BridgeBridge (road)United StatesSeattle andMedina, Washington4.56[27]5.8220122016
Eurasia TunnelTunnel (undersea, road)TurkeyIstanbul1.3[28]1.720112016
Spans two continents.
Gotthard Base TunnelTunnel (rail)  SwitzerlandSwiss Alps9.7[29]12.419992016(CHF 9.56 billion)[29]
World Trade Center Transportation HubTransit center and retailUnited StatesNew York City3.9[30]5.120062016
Blanka tunnel complexTunnel (road)CzechiaPrague1.75[31]2.32006201543bnKč[31]
Adler–Krasnaya Polyana road and railwayHighway andrailwayRussiaRussia9.4[32]12.2
2010
2014
Budapest Metro Line 4Rapid transit lineHungaryBudapest1.95[33][34]2.5820042014(HUF 452.5 bn)
Marina Coastal ExpresswayHighwaySingaporeSingapore3.4[35][36]4.520082013[37](S$4.3 bn)
Marmaray TunnelTunnel (undersea, rail)TurkeyIstanbul4.5[38]5.120042008(Phase I)
2013(Phase II)		Deepestimmersed tube tunnel in the world.
Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay BridgeBridge (road)United StatesSan Francisco Bay Area6.5[39]8.620022013
Russky BridgeBridge (road)RussiaVladivostok
(Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula)
andRussky Island		1.1[40]1.520082012
FreewayDurango-Mazatlán andBaluarte BridgeHighway androad bridgeMexicoDurango –Sinaloa1.46[41][42]220082012
Jiaozhou Bay BridgeBridge (road)ChinaShandong1.5[43]2.120072011
Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railwayHigh-speed railChinaEastern China (Beijing toShanghai, viaTianjin andNanjing)33.1[44]45.420082011(RMB 220.9bn)
Clem Jones TunnelTunnel (road)AustraliaBrisbane3.3[45]4.520062010
CBD and South East Light RailLight railAustraliaSydney2.2[46]2.620152019
Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railwayHigh-speed railChinaChina17.1[47]24.220052009(RMB 116.6bn)
Egnatia OdosHighwayGreeceNorthern Greece8.4[48]11.919942009(€5.9bn)
Incheon BridgeBridge (road)South KoreaIncheon2.12[49]320052009(₩2.45 trillion; source listed that as being equivalent to US$2.12 billion)
Sound Transit '1 line'

(initial segment)

Light railUnited StatesSeattle metropolitan area2.9[50]4.120032009
Bologna–Florence high-speed railwayHigh-speed railItalyItaly7.8[51]10.919962009
(€5.89 billion)[51]
Milan–Bologna high-speed railwayHigh-speed railItalyItaly9.2[51]12.919932008(€6.92 billion)[51]
Beijing–Tianjin intercity railwayHigh-speed railChinaBeijing andTianjin[52]2.34[53]3.320052008
High Speed 1High-speed railUnited KingdomSouth East England13.7[54]19.919982007
Diagram of High Speed 1's route, showing a connection with the Channel Tunnel
Map overview of the rail's route
(£6.84 billion)[54]
Lötschberg Base Tunnel

(initial bore)

Tunnel (rail)  SwitzerlandSwiss Alps3.6[55]5.219992007(CHF 4.3 billion)[55]
Copenhagen Metro phase 1-3Rapid transitDenmarkCopenhagen1.47[56]2.11996200711,400,000,000 DKK
"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel ProjectTunnel (road)United StatesBoston22[57]31.41991200714.6 billion USD; additional $7 billion in interest
Colorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion)Highway &Light rail upgradeUnited StatesDenver1.7[58]2.520012006
Shanghai Maglev TrainHigh-speed rail,MaglevChinaShanghai1.4[59]2.220012004
Red Line andPurple LineRapid transitUnited StatesLos Angeles4.5[60]7.819862000represents expenditure prior to theD Line Extension
Toei Ōedo LineRapid transitJapanTokyo8.68[61]15.319882000(¥988.6 billion in 1999 yen values)
Jubilee Line ExtensionRapid transit lineUnited KingdomLondon6.83[62]9.56199319993.5 billion GBP

6.83 billion USD is for 2010 prices[62]

Honshu-Shikoku Bridge ProjectBridges

17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku

JapanJapan48[63]84.7197819994 trillionYen
Øresund BridgeBridge–tunnel (rail/road)Denmark,SwedenDenmark -Sweden5.7[64]10.119951999(DKK30.1bn)
Great Belt Fixed LinkBridge–tunnel (rail/road)DenmarkDenmark3.27.319881998(DKK21.4bn)[65]
Vasco da Gama BridgeBridge (road)PortugalLisbon1.3[66]2.519951998(€897m / 180bn PTE)
Akashi-Kaikyō BridgeBridge (road)JapanKobe5[67]919881998
Channel TunnelTunnel (undersea, rail)Strait of Dover,English Channel between theUnited Kingdom andFrance15.4[68]29.519881994(GBP9.5bn)
Interstate Highway SystemHighway NetworkUnited StatesUnited States114[69]62419561992[70][71]425 billion in 2006 dollars[72] 548 billion in 2021 dollars[73]
Baikal–Amur MainlineRailwaySoviet Union (modern-dayRussia)Sovetskaya Gavan toTayshet (modern-dayRussia)15[74]38.219741984
Bay Area Rapid TransitRapid transitUnited StatesSan Francisco Bay Area1.586[75]6.819641976 - continues expansion$11.9 billion adjusted for inflation
St. Lawrence SeawayCanal systemUnited States,CanadaSt Lawrence River andNorth American Great Lakes between theUnited States andCanada0.470[76]3.919541959
Caracas-La Guaira highwayHighwayVenezuelaGreater Caracas0.06[77][78]0.619501953
Trans-Siberian RailwayRailwayRussian Empire (modern-dayRussia)Moscow toRussian Far East (Vladivostok) (modern-dayRussia)0.770[79]15.318911916
Panama CanalCanalPanamaPanama0.375[80]8.618811914
First transcontinental railroadRailwayUnited StatesOmaha, Nebraska, toSacramento, California0.1[81]2.118631869$2.09 billion adjusted for inflation
Suez CanalCanalKhedivate of Egypt (modern-dayEgypt)Sinai Peninsula,Khedivate of Egypt (modern-dayEgypt)0.082[82]1.718591869
Suez Canal expansionCanal expansionEgyptSinai Peninsula8[83]10.320142015
Washington MetroRapid transitUnited StatesWashington metropolitan area9.4[84]15.919692001
Silver LineRapid transitUnited StatesNorthern Virginia6[85]6.820092014 (Phase 1)
2022 (Phase 2)
WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line
WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line
While the Silver Line runs throughMaryland and throughWashington, D.C., the actual new sections of railway were all located inNorthern Virginia.
Mid-Coast Extension of theBlue Line (San Diego Trolley)Light railUnited StatesSan Diego2.17[86][87]2.4720162021
Green Line ExtensionLight railUnited StatesGreater Boston2.28[88]2.620122022
The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020. The tracks at this station are elevated.
The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020
Highway Vespucio OrienteTunnel (road)ChileSantiago1.11.320172022
East Side Access project (includingGrand Central Madison station)Transit center,commuter railUnited StatesNew York City11.1[89]12.620072023
The East Side Access project, including Grand Central Madison station, allowsLong Island Rail Road service toGrand Central Terminal.
Taichung MRTRapid transitTaiwanTaichung2.08[90]2.4820092021
Almaty MetroRapid transitKazakhstanAlmaty1[91]1.41988 (was temporarily suspended as a result of thecollapse of the Soviet Union)2011
Dubai MetroRapid transitUnited Arab EmiratesDubai7.62[92]10.820062009
Canada LineRapid transitCanadaGreater Vancouver1.79[93]2.5420052009
Map of Vancouver's transit lines in 2016, showing Canada Line in sky blue
Canada Line (sky blue) as part of the Metro Vancouver transit system in 2016
$2.05 billion CAD – set as the value for 2009, though estimate was originally made in 2006
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 1Rapid transitUnited StatesNew York City4.4[94]5.620072017
Inflation is based on 2016, as the line opened on January 1 of 2017; construction was thus technically completed before then.
Silicon Valley BART extension, Phase IRapid transitUnited StatesSan Francisco Bay Area2.3[95]2.720122020
Algiers Metro (original section of Line 1)Rapid transitAlgeriaAlgiers1.2[96]1.61982 (was suspended for a time)2011
Changsha Metro, Line 2Rapid transitChinaChangsha1.8[97]2.220092014
Doha MetroRapid transitQatarDoha36[98][99]43.420132019
Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge RailwayRailwayKenyaMombasa

NairobiNaivasha

5.3[100]6.420132019
Original phase: $3.8bn and extension: 1.5bn[100]
Edinburgh TramsLight railUnited KingdomEdinburgh1.72[101]2.2420082014
(£1.043bn)[101]
Padma BridgeBridge (rail/road)BangladeshPadma River3.6[102]4.120142022
Woodrow Wilson BridgeBridge (Bascule)United StatesWashington metropolitan area2.357[103]3.1220002013
Verrazzano–Narrows Bridge (original/upper deck)Bridge (road)United StatesNew York City0.320[104]2.4719591964
AirTrain JFKPeople moverUnited StatesNew York City1.9[105]3.119982003
While it does serve passengers within JFK, it was primarily built for transport between the airport and the city.
Taiwan High Speed RailHigh-speed railTaiwanTaiwan14.63[106]21.2620002007
480.6 billion converted to USD in 2007 dollars is $14.63 billion.[107]
Goethals Bridge (replacement)Bridge (road)United StatesNew York City andNew Jersey1.25[108]1.5320142017 (New eastbound span)
2018 (New westbound span)
Danyang-Kunshan Grand BridgeBridge (rail)ChinaShanghai andNanjing8.5[109]11.6620062011 (construction ended in 2010; opened in 2011)
Bolshaya Koltsevaya lineRapid transitRussiaMoscow8.59[110]10.7820112023
Seikan TunnelTunnel (undersea, rail)JapanTsugaru Strait8.58[111]19.619711988
Rennes Metro Line BRapid transitFranceRennes1.405[112]1.620142022
Line B in green
€1.342 billion converted to USD based on average rate for 2022
Paris Métro Line 14 (original segment)Rapid transitFranceParis1.2682[113]2.01319932007
Inflation clock starting in 2004
Crossrail 1Commuter rail,Rapid transitUnited KingdomGreater London23.0[114]26.220072023[115]
A new 73m (117 km) railway line in England, servingLondon,Berkshire,Buckinghamshire &Essex.

Core section opened May 24, 2022, full integration of routes and completion expected by May 2023.[115]

Regional ConnectorLight rail tunnelUnited StatesDowntown Los Angeles1.8[116]1.920142023
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue LineRapid transitUnited StatesNew York City0.06[117]1.4719001908
Lekki PortSeaportNigeriaLekki1.5[118]1.620152023
Ohio River Bridges ProjectBridges andinterchange reconfigurationUnited StatesLouisville metropolitan area2.3[119]2.7820142017
A new motorway project nearLouisville, Kentucky. Major works included two new bridges across theOhio River; a short tunnel section; and reconstruction of interchange ramps.
Lagos Rail Mass TransitRapid transit,Commuter railNigeriaLagos3.6[120][121]3.820092023 (Blue Line)
2024 (Red Line)
Upgrades toMetro-North Railroad's Harmon Shop atCroton-on-HudsonImprovements to a maintenance and operations hubUnited StatesCroton-on-Hudson, New York1.1[122]1.132001[123]2024[123]
Milan Metro Line 4Rapid transitItalyMilan2.24[124]2.72014[125]2022 (Phase One)
2023 (Phase Two)
2024 (Phase Three)
Map of Milan with the M4 route as a solid blue line, with markers and names for all the stations along the route
Map of the M4 line
Roughly €1.9 billion as of April 2020[update].
Caltrain Modernization Program (CalMod)Commuter railUnited StatesSan Francisco Bay Area2.44[126]2.520172024
Parramatta Light Rail, Stage 1Light railAustraliaParramatta, New South Wales1.94[127]1.992018[128]2024[127]
WestConnexTunnel (road)AustraliaSydney11.3[129]11.62015[129]2024[130]
Yaxi ExpresswayHighwayChinaYa'an toXichang3.3[131]4.420072012Unclear whether the $3.3 bn estimate was in 2007 dollars or 2012 dollars
Sydney Metro NorthwestRapid transitAustraliaSydney5.2[132]6.320142019
Map of Sydney North Western Line and the City and South Western Line overlaid on top of the existing rail network
Extended south to the CBD in 2024 bySydney Metro City & Southwest.
Cairo Metro Line 3, Phase 3Rapid transitEgyptCairo2.6[133]320172024
Line 3 shown in green
Entire Line 3 costs more
Line 2 South ExpansionLight railCanadaOttawa3.5[134]3.620192024
4.72 billion CAD
Ho Chi Minh City Metro, Line 1Rapid transitVietnamHo Chi Minh City2.5[135]2.520122024[135]
Line 1 in red; remaining lines in planning stage or on hold
Riyadh MetroRapid transitSaudi ArabiaRiyadh22.5 as of July 2013[update][136]31.220142024
There were disputes regarding at least $1 billion in 2022; as of January 2023[update], it is unclear if/how that affected the overall cost.[137]
Qinghai–Tibet railwayRailwayChinaGolmud toLhasa3.68[138]5.4920012006
Alaska HighwayHighwayUnited States,CanadaDawson Creek toDelta Junction0.13[139]1.9819421942
Chesapeake Bay Bridge–TunnelBridge–tunnelUnited StatesVirginia0.2[140]1.5419601964
Silver LineCommuter railUnited StatesDallas1.9[141]2.0220202026
Also known as the "Cotton Belt Line"
K LineLight railUnited StatesLos Angeles2.1[142]2.420142022 (first section)
2024 (rest of line)
Trans-Amazonian HighwayRoad BrazilNorth andNortheast Region of Brazil1.5[143]8.519701972
Great Carajás ProjectRailway andPort BrazilPará andMaranhão2.9[144]5.119781986
2018 (railway double-tracking)
Intercounty ConnectorHighwayUnited StatesMaryland2.4[145]3.220072014
Line 6 Finch WestLight railCanadaToronto2.8[146]2.820162025

Partially completed and open

[edit]
ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationEst. cost (in billionsUSD) at or near time of completionEst. cost (in billionsUSD), adjusted for inflationStart of constructionYear of completionImageNotes
Sydney Metro City & SouthwestRapid transitAustraliaSydney14.5[147]14.92017Completed

2024 (City)


Expected

Late 2025 (Southwest)

ExtendsSydney Metro Northwest fromChatswood toBankstown via the CBD
O-TrainLine 1Light railCanadaOttawa5.1[148]6.22013[149]Completed
2019 (stage 1)
Expected
2026 (stage 2)
$2.1 billion + $4.66 billionCA$[148]
Lusail TramLight railQatarLusail2.7 as of 2014[update][150]3.52016Completed

2022 (First part of orange line)

Expected

Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations

Hyderabad MetroRapid transitIndiaHyderabad2.4 as of November 2017[update][151]32012Completed

2018 (First stretch)

2020 (Second stretch)

Expected

Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations

Sukhumvit LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok Metropolian Region1994Completed

1999 (Original Plan)

2011 (Bearing extension)

2017-19 (Samut Prakan extension)

2019-20 (Khu Khot extension)

Expected

TBA

Silom LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok1994Completed

1999 (Original Plan)

2009 (Wongwian Yai extension)

2013 (Bang Wa extension)

Expected

TBA

MRT Blue LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok>2.21996Completed

2004 (Original Plan)

2016-17 (Northern extension)

2019 (Southern extension)

2019-20 (Northern extension)

Expected

TBA

MRT Purple LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok Metropolian Region4.362012Complete

2016 (Phase 1)

Expected

2027 (All stations)

SRT Light Red LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok Metropolian Region1.472010Completed

2021 (Taling Chan to Central Terminal(Phase I))

Expected

Phase II - VI(Under construction and Planned)

SRT Dark Red LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok Metropolian Region3.182010Completed

2021 (Rangsit-Bang Sue(Phase I))

Expected

Phase II-V (Planned)

Phase VI-VII (Suggested)

Airport Rail LinkAirport Rail LinkThailandBangkok Metropolian Region2005Completed

2010 (Phaya Thai-Suvarnabhumi Airport)ExpectedTBA

Trans-Sumatra Toll RoadHighwayIndonesiaSumatra33.2[152]37.82014Completed
Several segments at varying times (2019-2022)
Expected
2023, 2024 (Remaining segments)
SkylineRapid transitUnited StatesOʻahu12.4[153]14.12011Completed
2023 (Phase 1)

2025 (Phase 2)
Expected
2031 (Phase 3)

El InsurgenteCommuter railMexicoState of Mexico;Mexico City2.8[154]3.32015Completed
2023 (Zinacantepec to Lerma)
2024 (Lerma to Santa Fe)
Expected
2026 (Santa Fe to Observatorio)
Kınalı-Balıkesir MotorwayHighwayTurkeyTekirdağ toBalıkesir2[155]2.62017Completed
2023 (Malkara-Lapseki)
Expected
2025 (remaining phases)
A-1 motorwayHighwayMontenegroMontenegro3.7[156][157]3.92015[158]Completed
2023 (first 43 km section)

Expected
2024(Andrijevica segment)

(2.77 billion €)
Réseau express métropolitainLight rail, Rapid transitCanadaMontreal5.5[159]6.32018Completed
2023 (first segment)

2025 (second segment)
Expected
2027[160]

67 km of rails, 26 stations, automated light metro. Cost estimated in June 2021 to be CA$6.9 billion.
Tel Aviv Light RailLight railIsraelTel Aviv5.8[161][162]6.62011Completed
2023 (Red Line)

Expected
2028

NIS18.8 billion
Thessaloniki MetroRapid transitGreeceThessaloniki3.24[163]4.32006Completed

2024 (Line 1)[164]Expected2025 (Line 2)

Sichuan–Tibet railwayRailwayChinaChengdu toLhasa49.61[165]49.612014Completed
2018 Chengdu - Ya'an segment

2021 (Nyingchi–Lhasa segment)Expected
2030 (Full line)

North–South RailwayRailway BrazilNational2.6[166]2.719872023
Line 5 EglintonLight railCanadaToronto10.26[167]20102026

Under construction

[edit]
ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationApproximate cost (in billionsUSD)Start of constructionPlanned year of completionImageNotes
West Gate TunnelTunnel (road)AustraliaMelbourne7.4[168]20182025
The future location of an entrance to the proposed West Gate Tunnel in Yarraville, Melbourne
North East LinkTunnel (road)AustraliaMelbourne17.5[168]20202028
Sydney Metro Western Sydney AirportRapid transitAustraliaSydney8[169]20222027
Western Harbour TunnelTunnel (road)AustraliaSydney5[170]20212028
Sydney Metro WestRapid transitAustraliaSydney17[171]20202032
Sydney Metro West geotechnical survey locations
Purple LineLight railUnited StatesMaryland suburbs ofWashington, D.C.3.4[172]2017 (halted in 2020); resumed in 20222027[173]
Map depicting the purple line's route in relation to the Washington Metro's train lines. The map is fairly schematic and not very geographically accurate.
Map showing the Purple Line's intersection points with theWashington Metro
Red and Purple Modernization Phase One ProjectRapid transitUnited StatesChicago2.1[174]20192025
Fehmarn Belt Fixed LinkTunnel (undersea, rail/road)Denmark,GermanyFehmarn toLolland8.75[175]2019[175]2028[175]
Lagos-Kano Standard Gauge RailwayRailwayNigeriaFromLagos toKano8.3[176][177]2011TBA
Badagry Deep Sea PortSeaportNigeriaBadagry2.3[178]2024[179]TBA
Fourth Mainland BridgeBridge (road)NigeriaAcross the lagoon to connectIkorodu andLekki4.2[180]2024TBA
California High-Speed RailHigh-speed railUnited StatesCalifornia80.3[181]20152033
(Phase I)
A topographic map of California with California High-Speed Rail
Locations of planned California High-Speed Rail route. Phase I: black; Phase II: dark blue. (The separateBrightline West system is shown in light blue.) Route is approximate in some places.
China Pakistan Economic CorridorEconomic corridorPakistan,ChinaPakistanGwadar toChinaKashgar65[182]20152030
Barcelona Metro line 9Rapid transit lineSpainBarcelona26.3[183]20092027[184](€19bn)
Santiago Metro Line 7Rapid transit lineChileSantiago2.5[185]2022[186]2027
Map of Santiago Metro Line 7
Map of the line
Cross River RailCommuter rail tunnelAustraliaBrisbane4.7[187]20172026[187]
AUD $6.3 billion
Metro TunnelCommuter rail tunnelAustraliaMelbourne9.46[188]20182025
Map of the Metro Tunnel project in Melbourne, new 9km twin rail tunnels running through the CBD with five underground stations. New tunnel is depicted in blue with existing metropolitan rail lines in grey. The new line will connect the Sunbury line in the west with the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines in the east, with a future branch (not depicted) to the airport.
Map of the Metro Tunnel in blue and existing railway lines in grey
AUD $12.58 billion
Suburban Rail Loop EastRapid transitAustraliaMelbourne21.8-25[189]20222035
The map of the Suburban Rail Loop East (Lime Green) placed on top of the Victorian Train Map post Metro Tunnel along with SRL North and SRL West (Grey and Purple)
Part of the proposed orbitalSuburban Rail Loop line
NHDP/BharatmalaHighway upgradeIndiaIndia207.6 (total)

(NHDP: 53.2, 77.3 in 2023)[190]

(Bharatmala: 132.4)[191]

20002018: (NHDP)

2026: Bharatmala Phase I[192]

Phase II was set to start in 2024, but now is uncertain[193]

NH 47 between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu, India.
(INR 4.5 trillion).This project was partially completed by 2018 and was then subsumed under theBharatmala project.
Agua Negra TunnelTunnel (road)Argentina,ChileArgentinaSan Juan, Argentina, &ChileCoquimbo Region1.5[194]20182027
FastracksLight rail,Commuter railUnited StatesDenver6.5[195]20062044
City Rail LinkCommuter railNew ZealandAuckland3.4[196]20152026[197]
(NZD$5.5bn)
Grand Paris ExpressRapid transitFranceÎle-de-France (Paris region)48[198]201620304 new lines, 200 km, 72 new stations
Scarborough Subway ExtensionRapid transitCanadaToronto3[199]20222029-2030
CA$3.982 billion, 3 stops, 7.8 km[200]
Tehran-Shomal Freeway, 121 kmHighwayIranTehran Province andMazandaran Province1.7[201]19962024?

(sections 1,2, & 4 are already complete)

(HUF 452bn)
Stuttgart 21Railway & Urban DevelopmentGermanyStuttgart10.8[202]20102026
€9.15 billion[202]
Birmingham Northern Beltline (I-422)HighwayUnited StatesBirmingham, Alabama5.4[203]20142047
Brenner Base TunnelTunnel (rail)Austria,ItalyAustriaInnsbruck toItaly Franzensfeste11[204]20082032
Koralm TunnelTunnel (rail)AustriaStyria /Carinthia6.2[205]20092025
(€5.4 bn)
Semmering Base TunnelTunnel (rail)AustriaLower Austria /Styria4.6[206]20122030
(€3.9 bn)
Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridorHigh-speed railIndiaFromAhmedabad toMumbai20[207]20192026 (partial), 2027 (complete)
(₹1.6lakhcrore)
SagarmalaSeaportIndiaCoastal areas ofIndia80.9[208]20172035(₹6.5lakhcrore, only counting current projects)
High Speed 2High-speed railUnited KingdomEngland106.4[209]2017[210]TBA[211]330 mi/530 km of High Speed track,[212] 5 stations andWest Coast Mainline integration
Northern Powerhouse RailRailway &Urban renewalUnited KingdomEngland39[213]2018[214]2026LinksLiverpool,Sheffield,Kingston-upon-Hull &Newcastle-upon-Tyne to High Speed 2.
Link light rail2 LineLight rail lineUnited StatesEastside King County, Washington3.7[215]20162026
Bogotá Metro

(line 1)

Rapid transitColombiaBogotá4.5[216]20202028
Brussels Metro line 3Rapid transitBelgiumBrussels1.86[217]2020[218]2030
Chūō ShinkansenHigh-speed rail, MaglevJapanJapan64.35[219] as of May 2021[update]2014Unknown[220]
Tel Aviv MetroRapid transitIsraelTel Avivmetro area39.4[221]20252032
Panama Metro Line 3Rapid transit line (monorail)PanamaPanama City2.7154[222]20212027
ThePanamanian balboa is tied to theUnited States dollar.
Millennium Line Broadway Extension ("Broadway Subway Project")Rapid transitCanadaVancouver2.35[223]2021[223]2026[224]
Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streets
Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streets
Cost estimated in May 2021 to be 2,830,000,000Canadian dollars; in roughly May 2021, that was roughly equivalent to 2,350,000,000United States dollars.
Penn Station AccessCommuter railUnited StatesNew York City andWestchester County, New York2.87[225]20222027
South Coast RailCommuter railUnited StatesSoutheasternMassachusetts3.42[226]2019[227]2030
Bangkok–Nong Khai high-speed railwayHigh-speed railThailandThailand4.65[228]20202026
179 billion baht as of October 2022[update]
MRT Orange LineRapid TransitThailandBangkok3.920172027
Oslo Metro Line T6Rapid transit lineNorwayOslo andBærum1.6[229]20202027
Cost is as of January 2017[update]
Lima Metro Line 2Rapid transitPeruLima5.8[230]20142025
Line 2 in yellow
Line 4 (Athens Metro)Rapid transitGreeceAthens1.920212029-30
€1.6 billion[231]
São Paulo Metro, Line 6Rapid transitBrazilGreater São Paulo2.6[232]Resumed in 20202027
Toulouse Metro, Line CRapid transitFranceToulouse Métropole3.65[233]20222028
Metro Line C shown in green
€3.4 billion as of February 7, 2023
Abidjan MetroRapid transitIvory CoastAbidjan1.46[234]20222028
€1.36 billion as of December 20, 2022
Vienna U-Bahn, U2xU5 ProjectRapid transitAustriaVienna2.5[235]2018[236]2030
Map of metro after project concludes in 2030
Xiong'an–Xinzhou high-speed railwayHigh-speed railChinaXiong'an–Xinzhou8.86[237]20222027
Tanzania Standard Gauge RailwayRailwayTanzaniaTanzaniaAt least 7.6[238]2017Unclear (does vary based on phase)
Portal Bridge replacementBridge (rail)United StatesNew Jersey1.5[239]20222025 (first line of track)[240]
Bridge to be replaced
RogfastTunnel (road)NorwayRogaland2.91[241]20182033
Gordie Howe International BridgeBridge (road)United States,CanadaDetroit toWindsor, Ontario5.4[242]20182025
D Line ExtensionRapid transitUnited StatesGreater Los Angeles9.5[243]2014 (Section 1)
2018 (Section 2)
2021 (Section 3)		2027 (final section: Section 3)[243]
Belgrade MetroRapid transitSerbiaBelgrade5.35[244]20212028
Ontario LineRapid transitCanadaToronto7.3-8.7[245]20222031
16 km, 15 stop line with at-grade, elevated and underground sections operated with driverless trains.[246]
São Paulo Metro Line 2 extensionRapid transitBrazilSão Paulo1.4[247]20202026
Valley Metro Rail: South Central ExtensionLight railUnited StatesPhoenix, Arizona1.35[248]20192025
Hamburg U5Rapid transitGermanyHamburg1.75[249]20222030
U5 shown in red and purple
Project ConnectPublic transit[a]United StatesAustin, Texas10.3 for the light rail components; unclear for the rest[250]2021Unclear
Measure approved by Austin voters. Construction of at least one bus rapid transit corridor has begun; light rail construction has not begun.
Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel Expansion ProjectBridge–tunnel (road)United StatesHampton Roads (Virginia)3.9[251]20202027
Frederick Douglass TunnelTunnel (rail)United StatesBaltimore6[252]20232033
Replacement for old Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel)
Brightline WestHigh-speed railUnited StatesCalifornia andNevada12[253]20242028
Brightline West in yellow
Gateway ProgramRail improvements, including bridges and tunnelsUnited StatesNew York City toNew Jersey (Hudson River)16.1[254]2023[255]2035[255]
Lena BridgeBridge (road)RussiaSakha Republic1.77[256]20242028
Site of future bridge
Francis Scott Key Bridge replacementBridge (road)United StatesBaltimore5.2[257]20252030
A replacement for the destroyedFrancis Scott Key Bridge.
Xinjiang–Tibet railwayRailwayChinaHotan toLhasa62.02[258]20252035
Anadyr HighwayRoadRussiaMagadan toChukotka4.86[259]20122042
Cross Island LineRapid transitSingaporeNationwide29.52[260]20232030
Saudi Landbridge ProjectRailwaySaudi ArabiaJeddah toRiyadh7[261]20252030
Transnordestina RailwayRailwayBrazilNortheast Region of Brazil2.8[262]20062029 (proj.)
West–East Integration RailwayRailwayBrazilBahia andTocantins1.0[263]20112027 (proj.)

Suspended or abandoned

[edit]
ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationStatus (suspended or abandoned)Approximate cost (in billionsUSD) and year of cost estimateStart of constructionYear suspendedImageNotes
Northern Latitudinal RailwayRailwayRussiaLabytnangi (Obskaya) - KorotchaevoSuspended3.03 (2018)[264]20182022
Lavalin SkytrainRapid TransitThailandBangkokAbandoned---Abandoned before construction
Hopewell ProjectRapid TransitThailandBangkokAbandoned3.2 (1990)19901998Some pillars can still be found in Bangkok
Staten Island TunnelRapid Transit tunnelUnited StatesNew York CityAbandoned0.06 (1922)19231925
Access to the Region's CoreCommuter railUnited StatesNew York City andNew JerseyAbandoned8.7 (2009)20092010
Eglinton West lineRapid TransitCanadaTorontoAbandoned0.74 (1994)19941995

Proposed

[edit]
ProjectDescriptionLocationApproximate cost (in billionsUSD)Proposed start of constructionProposed year of completionNotes
Great Istanbul TunnelRailway,Undersea tunnelTurkeyIstanbul,Turkey4.22[265]TBDTBDAfterMarmaray andEurasia Tunnels, it will be the third tunnel to connect Istanbul's sides.
HızRayRailway,Undersea tunnelTurkeyIstanbul,TurkeyTBDTBDTBDHigh-speed subway line including a fourth Bosphorus tunnel to connect Istanbul's sides along with the Great Tunnel.
Arctic RailwayRailwayFinland,Norway3.43[266]TBDTBDA connecting line betweenKirkenes port and the Finnish railway network.
Bridge of the HornsBridge (rail/road)Djibouti,Yemen20TBDTBDA bridge across theRed Sea.
Crossrail 2Railway,Commuter rail,Rapid transitUnited KingdomGreater London,United Kingdom49.4[267]20232030s[citation needed]A new railway line in England, servingLondon,Surrey &Hertfordshire to interlink withCrossrail (above).
Helsinki City Rail LoopCommuter RailFinland1.77[268]TBDTBDAn undergroundrail loop inHelsinki.
Helsinki–Tallinn TunnelRailway,Undersea tunnelFinland,Estonia17.74[269]TBDTBD
HordfastBridge (road)Norway2TBDTBD
Irish Sea BridgeBridge (rail/road)United Kingdom20.55[270]TBDTBDA proposed bridge betweenScotland andNorthern Ireland, supported by theJohnson ministry.[271]
LentorataRailway tunnelFinland6.16[272]2030TBDAnairport rail link forHelsinki Airport.
Malacca Strait BridgeBridge (road)Indonesia,Malaysia14[273]TBDTBDA proposed 48 kilometer bridge over theStrait of Malacca.
MetroLink (Dublin)Rapid transitRepublic of IrelandGreater Dublin Area,Ireland10[274]20252031-2034
MRT Silver LineRapid TransitThailand2.75TBD2029
MRT Brown LineRapid TransitThailand1.52TBD2029
MRL Grey LineRapid TransitThailand0.82TBDTBD
MRL Light Blue LineRapid TransitThailand0.45TBDTBD
Don Mueang-Suvarnabhumi-U-Tapao high-speed railwayHigh-speed railThailand6.8TBD2029
Saudi–Egypt CausewayCausewaySaudi Arabia,Egypt4TBDTBD
Strait of Messina BridgeBridge (rail/road)Italy6.6TBDTBD
Sunda Strait BridgeBridge (rail/road)Indonesia18.87[275]TBDTBDThe project has been indefinitely postponed.[276]
Singapore Strait crossingTunnel (undersea)Singapore,IndonesiaTBDTBDTBDA proposed tunnel betweenSingapore andIndonesia.
Qatar–Bahrain CausewayCausewayQatar,Bahrain5TBDTBD
Texas Central RailwayHigh-speed railUnited StatesTexas,United States5.9TBDTBDWould operate betweenDallas andHouston, with a stop in theBrazos Valley region
LinkUSRapid transitUnited StatesColumbus, Ohio,United States8.51[277]20242030Cost includes three rapid-transit corridors set to open by 2030, and two more by 2050.[277][278]
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 2Rapid transitUnited StatesNew York City,United States6.39[279]TBDTBDProject was moved to the engineering stage in January 2022.[280]
Interborough ExpressLight railUnited StatesNew York City,United States5.5[281] (in 2027 dollars)[282]TBDTBDNew light rail line, built largely along existing tracks, connectingBrooklyn andQueens. Still in planning stages.
Rio de Janeiro Light Rail ExpansionLight railBrazilRio de Janeiro, Brazil3[283]20232025 (at least first sections)Would add 145.5 km (90.4 mi) to existing light rail network
Bagamoyo PortSeaportTanzaniaBagamoyo, Tanzania10[284]2023
Valparaíso–Santiago rail replacementRailwayChileValparaíso andSantiago,Chile1.32[285]20252030
D2 SubwayLight railUnited StatesDallas,United States1.7-1.9[286]TBD2028
City Centre–Māngere LineLight railNew Zealand8.7[287]TBDTBDIn the detailed planning phase. Would connectAuckland Airport to the CBD, terminating atWynyard Quarter
Interstate Bridge ReplacementBridge (road/light rail)United StatesPortland andVancouver,United States5-7.5[288]20262033Replacement of existing bridge overColumbia River, also carrying light rail extension toVancouver, Washington
Taiwan Strait TunnelRailway,Undersea tunnelChina,Taiwan64.56[289]TBDTBD
Chesapeake Bay Bridge ReplacementBridge (road)United StatesMaryland,United States7[290]2032TBDReplacement of existing bridges crossing theChesapeake Bay
Strait of Gibraltar TunnelTunnel (rail)SpainSpain,MoroccoMorocco9.2[291]20302040Rail tunnel underStrait of Gibraltar, currently in planning phase

Airport projects

[edit]
AirportPrimary market(s) servedCountryIATA CodeType of projectPassengers (total)Year completedEst. cost (in billionsUSD) at or near time of completionEst. cost (in billionsUSD), adjusted for inflation
Abu Dhabi International AirportAbu DhabiUnited Arab EmiratesAUHNew airport20,000,00019826.818.6
Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas International Airport Terminals 4 and 4SMadridSpainMADNew terminals57,891,34020068.713
Al Maktoum International AirportDubaiUnited Arab EmiratesDWCNew airport410,278 (expected: 260 million)20103244.8
Athens International AirportAthensGreeceATHNew airport16,225,885200135.1
Auckland AirportAucklandNew ZealandAKLNew terminal, new runway2028-2029 (expected)2.4[292]
Bahrain International Airport expansionBahrainBahrainBAHNew terminal20211.1[293]1.3
Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3BeijingChinaPEKNew terminal50,000,00020083.8[294]5.4
Beijing Daxing International AirportBeijingChinaPKXNew airport25,051,01220191721
Berlin Brandenburg AirportBerlinGermanyBERNew airport28,000,000 (expected)[295]202010 (as of 2018[update])[296]
Central Transport HubWarsawPolandN/A≈45,000,000 (expected)2027 (expected)4.2-5.0 (expected, without rail component and road component)
Changi AirportTerminal 3SingaporeSingaporeSINNew terminal22,000,00020081.4[297]2
Changi AirportTerminal 4SingaporeSingaporeSINNew terminal65,628,00020171[298]
Charles de Gaulle AirportParisFranceCDGNew airport26,196,575 as of 2021[update][299]19730.27[300]1.5
Chengdu Tianfu International AirportChengduChinaTFUNew airport4,354,758 as of 2021[update]202110.8[301]12.3
Chennai greenfield airport, ParandurChennaiIndiaN/ANew airport100,000,000 (expected)Unclear2.5 (₹20,000crore)[302]
Ciudad Real Central AirportCiudad RealSpainCQMNew airportCeased operations in 2012 (expected: 10 million)20091.41
Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport: International TerminalSantiagoChileSCLNew terminal30,000,0002022[303][unreliable source?]0.99
Dallas Fort Worth International AirportDallas–Fort Worth metroplexUnited StatesDFWNew airport62,465,756 as of 2021[update]19730.7[304]3.8
Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Terminal F; overhaulDallas–Fort Worth metroplexUnited StatesDFWNew terminal; terminal expansion; renovations2028 or 2033 (expected)4.8[305]
Denver International AirportDenverUnited StatesDENNew airport50,167,48519954.8[306]9
Don Mueang International AitportBangkokThailandDMKNew airport19141
Dubai International Airport Terminal 3DubaiUnited Arab EmiratesDXBNew terminal20084.5[307]6.4
Felipe Ángeles International AirportMexico CityMexicoNLUNew airport20223.68[308]
George Bush Intercontinental Airport, international terminal constructionHoustonUnited StatesIAHTerminal redevelopment and/or expansionUnclear1.2[309] (as of October 2019[update])
Guangzhou Baiyun International AirportGuangzhouChinaCANNew airport59,732,14720042.393.8
Hamad International AirportDohaQatarDOHNew airport201415.5[310]20.2
Harry Reid International Airport (then McCarran International Airport), Terminal 3Las VegasUnited StatesLASNew terminal20122.4[311]3.2
Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport Terminal 3DhakaBangladeshDACNew terminalAdditional 12,000,000 (expected)2025–2026 (expected)[312]2.53[313] (as of 2019[update])
Hong Kong International AirportHong KongHKGNew airport70,502,000199820[314][unreliable source?]35.8
Heathrow Airport Terminal 5LondonUnited KingdomLHRNew terminal32,100,000 as of 2018[update]20087.9[315]11.3
Incheon International AirportSeoulSouth KoreaICNNew airport28,677,1612001 (Phase 1)

2008 (Phase 2)

2017 (Phase 3)

5 (Phase 1)

2.6 (Phase 2)

3.54 (Phase 3)

8.4 (Phase 1)

3.7 (Phase 2)

4.4 (Phase 3)

Istanbul AirportIstanbulTurkeyISTNew airport76,236,980[316]201829(including side projects)[317]35.6
John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal OneNew York CityUnited StatesJFKNew terminalExpected:

2026 (Phase 1)

2030 (Full completion)

9.5[318]
John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal 6New York CityUnited StatesJFKNew terminalExpected:

2026 (Phase 1)

2028 (Full completion)

4.2 (Phase 1)[319]
Kansai International AirportOsakaJapanKIXNew airport27,987,564199420 (as of 2008[update])28.5 (starting inflation calculation in 2008)
Kansas City International AirportKansas CityUnited StatesMCINew terminal (replacement)20231.5[320]
Kertajati International AirportMajalengka RegencyIndonesiaKJTNew airport29,000,000 (expected)20181518.4
King Abdulaziz International AirportJeddahSaudi ArabiaJEDNew airport18,000,00019817.2[321]
King Shaka International AirportDurbanSouth AfricaDURNew airport7,500,000201011.4
Kuala Lumpur International AirportKuala LumpurMalaysiaKULNew airport52,643,51119983.5
Kualanamu International AirportMedanIndonesiaKNONew airport12,245,11620134.4[322]
Kuwait International Airport, Terminal 2Kuwait CityKuwaitKWINew terminal25,000,000 additional passengers (estimated)2026 (expected)5[323]
LaGuardia AirportNew York CityUnited StatesLGARenovation15,601,0632025 (expected)8[324]
Long Thanh International AirportHo Chi Minh CityVietnamN/ANew airport100,000,000 (expected)2025 (expected)10
Los Angeles International AirportLos AngelesUnited StatesLAXRenovation and expansion14
Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (new terminal)New OrleansUnited StatesMSYNew terminal20191.3[325]1.6
Manchester Airport Transformation ProgrammeManchesterUnited KingdomMANNew terminal2025 (expected)1.6[326] (equivalent to £1.3 billion as of February 2023[update])
Munich AirportMunichGermanyMUCNew airport19925.17[327]10.35
Nashville International Airport, BNA VisionNashville, TennesseeUnited StatesBNAAirport overhaul[b]20241.5[328]
Nashville International Airport, New HorizonNashville, TennesseeUnited StatesBNATerminal expansion; other improvements[c]2028 (expected)1.4[329]
Navi Mumbai International AirportMumbaiIndiaNMUNew airport60,000,000 (expected)2025 (expected)2
New Islamabad International AirportIslamabadPakistanIBDNew airport5,140,58520183.914.8
New Lisbon AirportLisbonPortugalN/A50,000,000 (expected)2035 (expected)4.5
New Mexico City International AirportMexico CityMexico Ceased operations in 2018 (expected: 125 million)201813
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal ANewark, New Jersey;New York CityUnited StatesEWRTerminal replacement20232.7[330]
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal CNewark, New Jersey;New York CityUnited StatesEWRTerminal renovation and expansion33,399,20720031.22
O'Hare International AirportChicagoUnited StatesORDExpansion2028 (expected)8.7[331] (as of March 2019[update])
Orlando International Airport, Terminal COrlando, FloridaUnited StatesMCONew terminal20222.8[332]
Salt Lake City International AirportSalt Lake CityUnited StatesSLCRenovation and expansion2024 (expected)4.1[333] (as of January 2020[update])
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, replacement terminalShenzhenChinaSZXTerminal replacement20131.4[334]1.9
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, third runwayShenzhenChinaSZXNew runway2025 (expected)1.76[335]
Suvarnabhumi AirportBangkokThailandBKKNew airport55,892,42820063.85
Taoyuan International Airport Terminal 3TaipeiTaiwanTPENew terminalFirst stage: 2024 (expected)[336]3.13 (as of November 2022[update])[337]
Western Sydney AirportSydneyAustraliaWSI (provisional)New airport10,000,000 (initially) 82,000,000 (by 2036)2026 (expected)3.3
Jorge Chávez International AirportCallaoPeruLIMNew terminal and runway2025 (expected)[338]2[339]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^This plan includes multiplelight rail lines, a newcommuter rail line, and multiplebus rapid transit routes.
  2. ^The project includes terminal lobby renovation, an international arrivals facility (including six new international gates and a new Customs and Border Protection area), a new tarmac terminal apron and taxilane expansion, an on-airport hotel and corresponding garage, a satellite concourse, the creation of Concourse D, multiple new terminal garages, and roadway updates to accommodate the changes.
  3. ^The project includes expanding multiple concourses, as well as constructing a new air freight building, making terminal roadway improvements, and making baggage system handling improvements.

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  194. ^"Agua Negra Tunnel - Verdict Traffic".www.roadtraffic-technology.com. Archived fromthe original on September 9, 2024. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023.
  195. ^Proctor, Cathy (January 5, 2010)."FasTracks costs have dropped, but so have funds for project, RTD says".Denver Business Journal.Archived from the original on November 28, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 27, 2023.
  196. ^"CRL submits funding request to Government and Council" (Press release). City Rail Link Limited. March 15, 2023. Archived fromthe original on May 16, 2023. RetrievedMay 16, 2023.
  197. ^Orsman, Bernard (February 12, 2025)."First train runs through Auckland's City Rail Link - two months late".The New Zealand Herald.Archived from the original on April 7, 2025. RetrievedApril 7, 2025.
  198. ^"Grand Paris Express : une estimation des coûts en hausse" [Grand Paris Express: an increase in cost estimates].Vie publique (in French). Direction de l'information légale et administrative. November 6, 2020.Archived from the original on January 28, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 27, 2023.
  199. ^"A Subway for Scarborough".Metrolinx.Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 7, 2020.
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  201. ^"آیا آسانترین قطعه آزاد راه تهران - شمال افتتاح می شود؟". March 17, 2013.Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. RetrievedFebruary 5, 2014.
  202. ^abHolly, Leon; AFP (March 18, 2022)."Deutsche Bahn: Kosten für Stuttgart 21 steigen auf über neun Milliarden Euro".Die Zeit (in German).ISSN 0044-2070.Archived from the original on June 23, 2023. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023.
  203. ^Pillion, Dennis (June 23, 2023)."$5 billion bypass north of Birmingham unnecessary, destructive, groups say".AL.Archived from the original on December 2, 2024. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023.
  204. ^"The $11BN Tunnel Connecting Scandinavia to the Mediterranean".www.theb1m.com.Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023.
  205. ^Burroughs, David (June 19, 2020)."Tunnelling completed on Austria's 33km Koralm tunnel".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on November 30, 2024. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023.
  206. ^Preston, Robert (April 26, 2022)."Further delay to Semmering Base Tunnel".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023.
  207. ^"Delays escalate bullet train cost to Rs 1.6 lakh crore".The Times of India. July 30, 2022.ISSN 0971-8257.Archived from the original on July 30, 2022. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023.
  208. ^Saha, Dhruvaksh (May 7, 2022)."Sagarmala project pipeline doubles to 1,537, cost rises to Rs 6.5 trillion".Business Standard.Archived from the original on December 2, 2024. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023.
  209. ^"HS2: What is the route, when will it be finished and what will it cost?".BBC News. November 18, 2021.Archived from the original on October 31, 2013. RetrievedFebruary 11, 2020.
  210. ^"Constructing the HS2 railway".gov.uk. November 3, 2017 [August 23, 2017].Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. RetrievedMarch 5, 2023.
  211. ^Marsh, Nick; Race, Michael (June 18, 2025) [17 June 2025]."HS2 line to be delayed again with no new date given".BBC News.Archived from the original on July 22, 2025. RetrievedAugust 1, 2025.
  212. ^"High Speed 2 (HS2) Railway, United Kingdom - Railway Technology".Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. RetrievedApril 5, 2019.
  213. ^"Northern Powerhouse Rail".Transport for the North.Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. RetrievedApril 5, 2019.
  214. ^"HS2 suffers setback as legislation delayed by 12 months".Rail Technology Magazine. September 9, 2018.Archived from the original on December 2, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023.
  215. ^Trumm, Doug (August 27, 2023)."Sound Transit Approves East Link Starter Line and $122 Million to Study Ballard Link Late Additions - The Urbanist".www.theurbanist.org.Archived from the original on December 19, 2024. RetrievedDecember 4, 2023.
  216. ^"Bogotá has some of the worst traffic. It's finally getting a metro, with China's help".WUNC. September 23, 2023.Archived from the original on December 17, 2024. RetrievedDecember 4, 2023.
  217. ^"METRO 3 : DU NORD AU SUD EN 20 MINUTES".metro3.be (in French).Archived from the original on December 1, 2024. RetrievedOctober 21, 2021.
  218. ^Rose, Maria (November 3, 2020)."Construction of €175 million Brussels Metro Line 3 commenced".Urban Transport News.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedOctober 21, 2021.
  219. ^Smith, Kevin (May 4, 2021)."Chuo maglev costs soar".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023.
  220. ^"JR Central gives up on opening new maglev train service in 2027". Kyodo. July 3, 2020.Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. RetrievedJuly 8, 2020.
  221. ^Goldberg, Jeremaya (August 29, 2023)."Land acquisition begins for Tel Aviv Metro".International Rail Journal.Archived from the original on August 3, 2024. RetrievedDecember 4, 2023.
  222. ^Rojas, Ingrid (September 15, 2021)."HPH obtiene crédito por 2.000 millones de dólares para la Línea 3 del Metro de Panamá" [HPH obtains credit for 2 billion dollars for Line 3 of the Panama Metro].LexLatin (in Spanish).Archived from the original on January 26, 2025. RetrievedDecember 28, 2022.
  223. ^abChan, Kenneth (May 13, 2021)."Major construction now officially underway on $2.8-billion Broadway Subway".Urbanized.Daily Hive.Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023.
  224. ^Chan, Kenneth (November 24, 2022)."Broadway Subway opening delayed to 2026".Urbanized.Daily Hive.Archived from the original on November 25, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023.
  225. ^Clinnick, Richard (December 22, 2021)."$US 2.87bn Penn Station Access Project contract awarded".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedDecember 7, 2022.
  226. ^Dungca, Nicole."State changes gears on Middleborough commuter rail plan".BostonGlobe.com.Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. RetrievedDecember 4, 2023.
  227. ^"Baker-Polito Administration Celebrates South Coast Rail Groundbreaking".Mass.gov.Archived from the original on February 27, 2023. RetrievedNovember 8, 2019.
  228. ^Arunmas, Phusadee (October 17, 2022)."Rail projects sped up to reduce costs".Bangkok Post.Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023.
  229. ^Berg Bentzrød, Sveinung (January 25, 2017)."Smiler bredt, men vil ikke si når Fornebubanen skal stå ferdig".Aftenposten (in Norwegian).Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. RetrievedApril 5, 2019.
  230. ^"Lima Line 2".Transit Costs Project. Marron Institute (NYU). August 31, 2020.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2023.
  231. ^Kokkinidis, Tasos (June 23, 2021)."New Metro Line in Athens Hailed as "Largest Project in Greece"".Greek Reporter.Archived from the original on June 22, 2024. RetrievedDecember 7, 2023.
  232. ^Burroughs, David (October 16, 2020)."Construction of São Paulo metro Line 6-Orange resumes".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on February 8, 2023.
  233. ^"Toulouse unveils mock-up for third metro line".Urban Transport Magazine. February 7, 2023.Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2023.
  234. ^"Ivory Coast launches construction of metro project".Africanews. December 20, 2022.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2023.
  235. ^Cuenca, Oliver (January 25, 2021)."Wiener Linien awards contract for U-Bahn extensions".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on August 7, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2023.
  236. ^Briginshaw, David (October 8, 2018)."Vienna starts work on U-Bahn expansion project".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2023.
  237. ^"China's top economic planner approves high-speed rail project".XinhuaNet. January 17, 2021. Archived fromthe original on December 2, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 15, 2023.
  238. ^"Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway (SGR)".Construction Review Online. February 10, 2023.Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 15, 2023.
  239. ^"At last, commuters will see construction of a new Portal Bridge from their train windows". April 7, 2022.Archived from the original on November 27, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2023.
  240. ^Higgs, Larry (October 12, 2021)."'Momentous day' for NJ Transit commuters with $1.56B contract to replace Portal Bridge".NJ.com.Archived from the original on December 20, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2023.
  241. ^Akhtar, Syed Ali Shahbaz; Oftedahl, Cathrine; Morsund, Gunnar (November 20, 2020)."Regjeringen klar for å gå videre med Rogfast" [The Government is Ready to Move Forward with Rogfast].NRK (in Norwegian).Archived from the original on December 2, 2024. RetrievedDecember 26, 2020.
  242. ^Urbi, Jaden (April 27, 2022)."Building The Bridge a Billionaire Tried to Stop".The B1M.Archived from the original on December 16, 2024. RetrievedMarch 7, 2023.
  243. ^abWanek-Libman, Mischa (May 25, 2021)."L.A. Metro breaks ground on final Purple Line extension section".Mass Transit.Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. RetrievedMarch 27, 2023.
  244. ^"French, Chinese Firms Sign Deal On Belgrade Metro".Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. January 22, 2021.Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. RetrievedMarch 28, 2023.
  245. ^Metrolinx; Infrastructure Ontario (July 2019)."Ontario Line Initial Business Case"(PDF). p. 78.Archived(PDF) from the original on July 19, 2022. RetrievedSeptember 7, 2020.
  246. ^Metrolinx."Ontario Line".Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 7, 2020.
  247. ^Passos, Renata (January 23, 2020)."Work to start on São Paulo Line 2-Green extension".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on March 31, 2023. RetrievedMarch 31, 2023.
  248. ^"Valley Metro light rail service to be impacted by construction until July".KTAR News. April 15, 2022.Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. RetrievedApril 3, 2023.
  249. ^Marcus, Imanuel (September 30, 2022)."Hamburg: Construction of Fifth 'U-Bahn' Train Line Commences".The Berlin Spectator. Archived fromthe original on April 18, 2024. RetrievedApril 3, 2023.
  250. ^Thompson, Kelsey (October 26, 2022) [July 20, 2022]."$10B Project Connect scope might change to combat inflation costs".KXAN.Nexstar Media Group.Archived from the original on December 8, 2024. RetrievedApril 17, 2023.
  251. ^"HRBT Expansion Project".HRBT Expansion.Virginia Department of Transportation.Archived from the original on July 29, 2023. RetrievedJuly 18, 2023.
  252. ^Luczak, Marybeth (March 13, 2023)."Amtrak begins $US 6bn Baltimore & Potomac tunnel replacement programme".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. RetrievedJuly 18, 2023.
  253. ^"Rail spikes hammered, bullet train being built from Sin City to the City of Angels".AP. April 23, 2024.Archived from the original on April 22, 2024. RetrievedMay 24, 2024.
  254. ^Wilson, Colleen (November 20, 2022) [November 18, 2022]."Can $16B Gateway costs be lowered? GDC makes case as it seeks OK from feds for next phase".NorthJersey.com.Archived from the original on November 19, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2023.
  255. ^abMiller, Jen A. (November 21, 2023)."$16B Gateway Program construction finally underway".Construction Dive.Archived from the original on August 24, 2024. RetrievedAugust 24, 2024.
  256. ^"Bridge across Lena to cut annual cost of Yakutia's winter supplies by $46 million".TASS. RetrievedJuly 17, 2025.
  257. ^"Maryland more than doubles cost estimate on rebuilding collapsed Baltimore bridge".AP News. November 18, 2025.Archived from the original on December 5, 2025. RetrievedDecember 17, 2025.
  258. ^"Explainer | What makes the Xinjiang-Tibet mega railway China's 'project of the century'?".South China Morning Post. October 12, 2025.Archived from the original on October 12, 2025. RetrievedNovember 4, 2025.
  259. ^"Project to build road from Kolyma to Anadyr drawn up".TASS.Archived from the original on December 24, 2024. RetrievedNovember 4, 2025.
  260. ^Lim, Paige."A subway tunnel under Singapore's rainforest? No way, say activists".U.S.Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025.
  261. ^"Saudi Arabia's $7 billion "Land Bridge" rail project to link Jeddah and Riyadh in under 4 hours".The Times of India. October 26, 2025.ISSN 0971-8257. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025.
  262. ^"Lula visita obra da Transnordestina, atrasada em 14 anos e com triplo do custo previsto inicialmente".G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). April 5, 2024.Archived from the original on January 3, 2026. RetrievedNovember 30, 2025.
  263. ^iNFRA, Agência (October 16, 2025)."Ministério dos Transportes quer conceder Corredor Leste-Oeste com Fiol 1".Agência iNFRA (in Brazilian Portuguese).Archived from the original on December 11, 2025. RetrievedNovember 30, 2025.
  264. ^"Northern Latitudinal Railway concession signed".Railway Gazette International. October 8, 2018.Archived from the original on December 5, 2024. RetrievedMarch 6, 2023.
  265. ^"Turkish Parliament approves construction of $3.5bn Great Istanbul Tunnel".Road Traffic Technology. January 22, 2019. Archived fromthe original on May 20, 2023. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2020.
  266. ^"Plans move forward for €2.9bn Arctic railway".www.theconstructionindex.co.uk.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedDecember 2, 2019.
  267. ^"Funding".Crossrail 2.Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. RetrievedMarch 21, 2023.
  268. ^Tamminen, Jenni (March 27, 2019).""Antti Rinteen suunnitelma tulisi liian kalliiksi veronmaksajille" – Tiilikainen: Pisararata vanheni, tehdään Lentorata keskustaan asti".Uusi Suomi (in Finnish).Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. RetrievedDecember 2, 2019.
  269. ^"China's Touchstone to invest $17 billion in Helsinki-Tallinn tunnel".Reuters. March 8, 2019.Archived from the original on April 24, 2023. RetrievedNovember 25, 2019.
  270. ^"Top architect insists Scotland - Northern Ireland bridge 'is feasible'".BBC News. January 22, 2018.Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. RetrievedNovember 25, 2019.
  271. ^"Boris Johnson seeks cost estimates for a Scotland-Northern Ireland bridge".HeraldScotland. September 10, 2019.Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. RetrievedNovember 25, 2019.
  272. ^Teivainen, Aleksi (February 4, 2019)."Finland earmarks funds for new rail links between Helsinki, Turku and Tampere".Helsinki Times.Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. RetrievedDecember 2, 2019.
  273. ^Yong Yen Nie; Wahyudi Soeriaatmadja (October 18, 2013)."China's EXIM bank to fund most of Malacca-Indonesia bridge project".The Jakarta Post.Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. RetrievedNovember 25, 2019.
  274. ^McQuinn, Cormac (July 4, 2022)."Metro linking Dublin Airport to city centre estimated to cost €9.5bn".The Irish Times.Archived from the original on October 19, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2023.
  275. ^"Cost of Sunda Strait bridge may balloon to US$18.87 billion".The Jakarta Post.Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. RetrievedNovember 25, 2019.
  276. ^"No more Sunda Strait Bridge plan".The Jakarta Post.Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. RetrievedNovember 25, 2019.
  277. ^abMeibers, Bonnie (April 18, 2022) [April 15, 2022]."Central Ohio leaders eye sales tax increase to fund $8B in transit investment".Columbus Business First.Archived from the original on August 5, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023.
  278. ^Warren, Brent (April 7, 2022)."COTA Outlines Plan to Fund Transit Corridors, Other Transportation Upgrades".Columbus Underground.Archived from the original on December 11, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023.
  279. ^"Second Avenue Subway Phase 2: New Starts Project Development"(PDF).Federal Transit Administration.Archived(PDF) from the original on January 30, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 30, 2023.
  280. ^"Governor Hochul and MTA Announce Second Avenue Subway Phase 2 Moves Forward" (Press release).Albany, NY:Gov. Kathy Hochul. January 6, 2022.Archived from the original on December 6, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 30, 2023.
  281. ^Brachfeld, Ben (January 11, 2023)."Interborough Express will move forward as light rail project".amNY.Archived from the original on January 10, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2023.
  282. ^Spivack, Caroline (January 17, 2023)."The Interborough Express will be the MTA's first light rail line. Here's what to expect".Crain's New York Business.Archived from the original on December 1, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2023.
  283. ^Passos, Renata (December 16, 2022)."Rio launches ambitious light rail project".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on February 11, 2023.
  284. ^Malanga, Alex Nelson (September 24, 2022)."Bagamoyo Port construction to start in 2023".The Citizen.Archived from the original on December 5, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2023.
  285. ^Newman, Ian Thomson (January 17, 2023)."Chile proceeds with Santiago - Valparaíso upgrade".International Railway Journal.Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  286. ^U.S. Department of Transportation;Federal Transit Administration;Dallas Area Rapid Transit (May 2020).Dallas CBD Second Light Rail Alignment (D2 Subway) Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement(PDF) (Report).Dallas Area Rapid Transit. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on September 17, 2020. RetrievedAugust 24, 2020.
  287. ^"Auckland light rail 'absolutely' going ahead - Transport Minister".RNZ. February 23, 2023.Archived from the original on December 6, 2024. RetrievedMay 16, 2023.
  288. ^"Construction on new I-5 Bridge linking OR, WA could start in 2026".Cascade PBS. August 4, 2025.Archived from the original on September 23, 2025. RetrievedNovember 1, 2025.
  289. ^Stratfor."China's Hopes For Bridging The Taiwan Strait".Forbes.Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. RetrievedDecember 10, 2025.
  290. ^Bell, Brad (December 16, 2025)."Engineers decide on best option to replace Chesapeake Bay Bridge".WJLA.Archived from the original on December 17, 2025. RetrievedDecember 16, 2025.
  291. ^Máiquez, Rafa (December 14, 2025)."El túnel del estrecho de Gibraltar, una inversión española de 8.500 millones de euros y hasta nueve años de obras".Europa Sur (in Spanish). RetrievedDecember 17, 2025.
  292. ^"Building the gateway New Zealand needs: Multi-billion-dollar investment in future of travel at Auckland Airport" (Press release). Auckland Airport. March 17, 2023.Archived from the original on December 19, 2024. RetrievedMay 16, 2023.
  293. ^Greenwood, Matthew (February 26, 2021)."Bahrain Unveils New Airport Terminal".engineering.com.Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. RetrievedFebruary 13, 2023.
  294. ^Barboza, David (May 2, 2008)."Beijing Air Terminal Goes All Out for the Games".The New York Times.Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. RetrievedJune 6, 2023.
  295. ^"Berlin Airport plans to build additional terminal - before grand opening".The Local Germany. May 2, 2018.Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. RetrievedJune 25, 2019.
  296. ^"BER nimmt Anflug auf zehn Milliarden Euro" [BER nosediving towards 10bio].PNN (in German). Archived fromthe original on January 15, 2018. RetrievedMay 21, 2019.
  297. ^"Changi's Airport Development"(PDF). Changi Airport Group. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on February 2, 2014. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2014.
  298. ^"Changi Airport allots nearly S$1.3bn for terminal 4 construction".Singapore Business Review.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2014.
  299. ^"Aéroport de Paris – Charles de Gaulle".Les Aéroports Français, Statistiques annuelles (in French). Paris: Union des aéroports Français.Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023.
  300. ^Groot, Marnix (Max) (August 7, 2019)."Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, Part 2: A Monument for the Age of Air Travel".AirportHistory.org.Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023.
  301. ^Cripps, Karla (June 28, 2021)."China's latest mega-airport is officially open".CNN.Archived from the original on September 24, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 24, 2023.
  302. ^Ayyappan, V (August 2, 2022)."Construction of new Chennai airport will cost Rs 20,000 crore: Stalin".Times of India.Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 15, 2023.
  303. ^Lane, Mark (February 28, 2022)."Santiago de Chile Airport opens US$990 million international terminal".The Moodie Davitt Report.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023.
  304. ^Stoddard, Carol (July 9, 2020)."Throwback Thursday: Exploring DFW International Airport".Irving, Texas. Irving Convention & Visitors Bureau.Archived from the original on December 6, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 27, 2023.
  305. ^Rudolph, Jenny (May 17, 2023)."DFW airport to build new Terminal F, add more gates as part of $4.8B expansion".Fort Worth Star-Telegram.Archived from the original on May 16, 2023. RetrievedMay 27, 2023.
  306. ^"Denver International Airport Construction and Operating Costs".University of Colorado at Boulder Government Publications Library. July 5, 1997. Archived fromthe original on February 8, 2008. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2008.
  307. ^Gale, Ivan (October 8, 2008)."New Terminal 3 to evoke 'tranquillity'".The National: Business.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 30, 2023.
  308. ^Esposito, Anthony (March 21, 2022)."Mexican president opens new airport three years after ditching alternative".Reuters.Archived from the original on May 17, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023.
  309. ^Bennett, Adam (October 18, 2019)."$1.2B IAH international terminal expansion underway".KHOU.Archived from the original on January 25, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2023.
  310. ^"First commercial flight lands at Qatar's new $15bn airport in Doha".The National: Business.Agence France-Presse. April 29, 2014.Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 30, 2023.
  311. ^Velotta, Richard (June 27, 2012)."McCarran's Terminal 3 opens with Vegas-style fanfare".Las Vegas Sun.Archived from the original on August 6, 2016. RetrievedMay 1, 2016.
  312. ^Siddiqui, Kamran (June 1, 2025)."Govt targets Dec opening of Dhaka airport's 3rd terminal but Japanese consortium wants 2 more months".The Business Standard. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  313. ^Tribune Desk (December 28, 2019)."PM inaugurates construction of Dhaka airport's 3rd terminal".Dhaka Tribune.Archived from the original on January 19, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023.
  314. ^"Hong Kong International Airport (HKG/VHHH) - Airport Technology".airport-technology.com.Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. RetrievedApril 7, 2015.
  315. ^"Heathrow Terminal 5".British Airways. October 30, 2020.Archived from the original on January 21, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023.
  316. ^"Yolcu istatiktikleri"(PDF).dhmi.gov.tr (in Turkish). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 12, 2023. RetrievedApril 19, 2023.
  317. ^Ozbilgin, Ozge (May 3, 2013)."Turkish firms win 22 billion euro Istanbul airport tender".Reuters.Archived from the original on April 24, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 27, 2023.
  318. ^"Governor Hochul Announces Groundbreaking of $9.5 Billion New Terminal One in a Major Step Forward for Port Authority's JFK Transformation" (Press release).Albany, NY:Gov. Kathy Hochul. September 8, 2022.Archived from the original on January 24, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023.
  319. ^"Governor Hochul Announces Construction of a $4.2 Billion New Terminal 6 at JFK Will Begin Early Next Year as Final Pieces of the Project Are in Place" (Press release).Albany, NY:Gov. Kathy Hochul. November 17, 2022.Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023.
  320. ^Mansaray, Mili (January 2, 2023)."Kansas City's new and improved airport terminal opens this spring. Here's what flyers can expect".KCUR.Archived from the original on December 9, 2024. RetrievedMarch 30, 2023.
  321. ^Jed-airport.com
  322. ^Apriadi, Gunawan (April 15, 2006)."North Sumatra to get new airport soon".The Jakarta Post. Archived fromthe original on June 9, 2008.
  323. ^De Brito, Claudia (November 8, 2021)."Kuwait Airport to undergo US$8.2 billion redevelopment".Connecting Travel. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023.
  324. ^Shepardson, David (June 1, 2022)."New York LaGuardia airport reveals $8 bln makeover".Reuters. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023.
  325. ^Baskas, Harriet (November 6, 2019)."New Orleans' new $1.3 billion airport terminal captures some of NOLA's spirit".CNBC. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023.
  326. ^Britton, Paul (January 25, 2023)."Lift-off for final £440m transformation of Manchester Airport's T2".Manchester Evening News. RetrievedFebruary 13, 2023.
  327. ^Upton, Kim (May 17, 1992)."New Munich Airport Stresses Ease of Travel".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedFebruary 14, 2023.
  328. ^Schleicher, Rebecca (June 13, 2022)."Exclusive: a look inside the Nashville International Airport renovation".News Channel 5 Nashville. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023.
  329. ^"Nashville International Airport Announces New Construction and Renovation Plan, "New Horizon"" (Press release).Nashville, TN:Metropolitan Nashville Airport Authority. June 10, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2023.
  330. ^Rahmanan, Anna (January 17, 2023)."See inside the expensive new Terminal A at Newark Airport".Time Out. RetrievedFebruary 14, 2023.
  331. ^"Chicago's $8.7 billion O'Hare Airport expansion underway".Associated Press. March 20, 2019. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023.
  332. ^Waldek, Stefanie (September 13, 2022)."Orlando International Airport's CEO Shares How Its New Terminal Will Affect Travelers".Travel + Leisure. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2023.
  333. ^Davidson, Lee (January 15, 2020)."Salt Lake City International Airport remodel cost grows to $4.1B".The Salt Lake Tribune. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023.
  334. ^Cooperstein, Paige (March 13, 2014)."China's Futuristic New Airport Terminal Looks Like A Manta Ray [PHOTOS]".Business Insider. RetrievedJanuary 24, 2023.
  335. ^Han Ximin (August 3, 2022)."World-class airport cluster on fast track".Shenzhen Daily. RetrievedJanuary 24, 2023.
  336. ^Mehta, Manik (August 11, 2022)."Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Expansion Mode".Aviation Pros. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023.
  337. ^Shan, Shelley (November 10, 2022)."TIAC drawing pricing plan for Terminal 3".Taipei Times. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023.
  338. ^Tumay Soto, Martín (December 5, 2024)."Nuevo aeropuerto Jorge Chávez abrirá este miércoles 29 de enero: 10 cifras que muestran su magnitud y capacidad".Infobae (in Spanish). RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025.
  339. ^"La primera Ciudad Aeropuerto de Sudamérica estará en Lima".nuevojorgechavez.com (in Spanish). RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025.
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