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Zhongshan,Chungshan, orJhongshan (Chinese:中山路) is a common name of Chinese roads, usually in honor ofSun Yat-sen, better known in Chinese as "Sun Chungshan (Zhongshan)", who is considered by many to be the "Father of Modern China".

In Chinese cities, "Zhongshan Road" is often one of a city's principal roads. As a result, the road is often very long and divided into numbered sections. InGuangzhou, the Zhongshan Road is separated into eight sections, identified as theFirst Zhongshan Road to theEighth Zhongshan Road. InShanghai, Zhongshan Road stretches around the whole city, the road is divided into numerous sections, identified by a direction and a number, such as theEast-1 Zhongshan Road.

In some exceptional cases, a "Zhongshan Road" can have other significance.Zhongshan Road inShijiazhuang, for example, is named after theZhongshan state and latercommandery, not Sun Yat-sen.

Sun Yat-sen, a leader of theRepublican revolution of the early 20th century, was remembered in China with great fervor after his death in 1925, and especially after hisKuomintang party re-unified China in 1928. As a result, numerous monuments were erected in his honor throughout China, and a large number of streets, parks and schools, and even his birth city (Zhongshan,Guangdong) were renamed in his honor.^{[citation needed]}

When theRepublic of China government took overTaiwan at the end ofWorld War II, the practice of naming streets and parks after Sun, and erecting monuments in his honor, spread to the island as well.^{[citation needed]}

Between 1928 and 1949, in a move designed to parallel the adulation of Sun, a number of roads and institutions were named "Zhongzheng", afterChiang Kai-shek, also known as "Jiang Zhongzheng", who saw himself as the successor to Sun.^{[citation needed]}

In 1949, theChinese Communist Party took control in mainland China and founded thePeople's Republic of China. Over the following years, streets and institutions named "Zhongzheng" were renamed, but Zhongshan Roads were not renamed, and survived "revolutionary" name changes in theCultural Revolution. A conventional practice developed where no streets would be named after a political leader, except for Sun Yat-sen. In mainland China today, Sun Yat-sen remains the only modern politician commemorated in road names: no Communist leader, such asMao Zedong orDeng Xiaoping, shares this privilege.^{[citation needed]}

In Taiwan, Zhongshan (more commonly and locally spelled as "Jhongshan" or "Chungshan") Roads are as ubiquitous, if not more, compared to mainland China. In recent years, the administrative merging of neighboring towns have sometimes resulted in duplicate Zhongshan Roads within the same locality, and as a result some such roads have been renamed.^{[citation needed]}

• Zhongshan Road inNanjing was a ceremonial avenue built for the purpose of conveying Sun Yat-sen' funeral procession to theSun Yat-sen Mausoleum outside the city. It connects the Zhongshan port and the Zhongshan Gate. In 1933, the road was separated into North Zhongshan Road, Zhongshan Road and East Zhongshan Road. After theChinese Civil War, Zhongzheng Road (named afterChiang Kai-shek), which was connected to the Zhongshan road, was renamed to South Zhongshan road.
• Zhongshan Road inShanghai is the road marking the boundary of the traditional urban area, and forms an incomplete circle (theHuangpu River serves as part of the boundary). This road was built in the 1930s. The goals of building this road were to prevent the expansion of the foreigner concessions in Shanghai (i.e. theShanghai International Settlement andFrench Concession in Shanghai) and to connect the three Chinese urban areas,Nanshi,Zhabei, and Jiangwan together.The Bund is today a section of the Zhongshan Road.
• InGuangzhou, the Zhongshan Road is separated into eight sections, identified as theFirst Zhongshan Road to theEighth Zhongshan Road. There is another, separate,Zhongshan Avenue, which was an expressway built in 1928.
• Zhongshan Road is the main shopping street inXiamen, and leads to the main ferry terminals.
• Zhongshan Road is a major arterial inTaipei.
• InShenyang, the Zhongshan Road, built in early 1930s, is also a main road in the city center, not far fromShenyang Railway Station.
• The Zhongshan Roads ofZhonghe District (formerly Zhonghe City) andYonghe District (formerly Yonghe City) in Taiwan are connected.
• Formerly, Zhongshan Road inBeijing was the name of the short street at the northern end ofTiananmen Square, running from West Chang'an Gate, across the front of theTiananmen gate, to East Chang'an Gate. After the reconstruction of the Square, the road became a section ofChang'an Avenue.
• Zhongshan Road inHangzhou is the major arterial running north–south through the city. Originally called the Imperial Street during thesouthern Song dynasty, the road was renamed after Sun Yat-sen during the Republican era.
• Also known as the Qilou Arcade Streets, Qilou Old Street, and formerly Huanhaifang Road, theZhongshan Road was the first and one of many roads to be restored in the Bo'ai Road area ofHaikou, Hainan

Yixian (逸仙), another name of Sun Yat-sen equivalent to the commonEnglish version of "Yat-sen", is also a popular road name. In Shanghai, Yixian Road connects the Inner and Outer Ringroad expressways.

Two roads in Macau SAR were built in the name ofSun Yat-sen, in honor of Sun, who lived inMacau during his lifetime. One road is calledAvenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen (Chinese:孫逸仙大馬路;lit. 'Sun Yat-sen Avenue'), located at the southern part of Macau Peninsula. The other road has the same nameAvenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen (Chinese:孫逸仙博士大馬路;lit. 'Dr. Sun Yat-sen Avenue'), located in Taipa. While the official Portuguese name of the two roads are the same, the Chinese names are different. There is also a traffic roundabout, calledRotunda Dr. Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙博士圓形地) joins two sections of theAvenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen (Taipa) as well as theAvenida de Guimarães (基馬拉斯大馬路).

A street inMedan,Indonesia also named in honor of him, named asJalan Sun Yat-Sen. There is a 16-floor hotel nearby calledCiti International Sun Yat-Sen Hotel, named after the street itself.

"Sun Yat Sen Street" in centralCalcutta of West Bengal,India, is also named in honor of Sun. The street is located in the part of Calcutta known as the Old China Town. The area once hosted nearly 20,000 ethnic Chinese residents, and although the ethnic Chinese population has drastically declined to 1–2,000, the area remains popular among Bengalis because of its unique street market and Chinese breakfast hub,Tiretta Bazaar.There is also a street named Dr Sun Yat Sen Street on the Island of Mauritius.

The literal meaning of the characterszhong andshan are "Central/Middle" and "Mountain"; the name was adopted by Sun Yat-sen while in Japan in the early 1900s. For more information on the names of Sun Yat-sen, seeNames of Sun Yat-sen.

• Road transportation in Taiwan
• Road transport in China
• Sun Yat-sen
• Lists of roads named after people

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