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List of stars with resolved images

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is alist of stars with resolved images, that is,stars whose images have beenresolved beyond a point source. Aside from theSun, observed fromEarth, stars are exceedingly small in apparent size, requiring the use of special high-resolution equipment and techniques to image. For example,Betelgeuse, the first star other than the Sun to be resolved, has an angular diameter of only 50 milliarcseconds (mas).[1]

List

[edit]
This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(December 2017)
List of stars with resolved images
StarImageDiameterDistance
(ly)		First imagerYearNotes
Angular (mas)Geometric (R☉)
Sun1930000±3000010.0000158Louis Fizeau andLéon Foucault[2]1845
Altair
α Aql		3.21.66±0.01 (polar)
2.02±0.01 (equator)		16.77±0.08CHARA array – MIRC[3]2006
Rasalhague
α Oph A		1.62±0.032.39±0.01 (polar)
2.87±0.02 (equator)		48.6±0.8CHARA array – MIRC[4]2006
Alderamin
α Cep		1.35±0.02 (polar)
1.75±0.03 (equator)		2.20±0.04 (polar)
2.74±0.04 (equator)		48.8±0.36CHARA array – MIRC[4]2006
Caph
β Cas		1.70±0.043.1±0.1 (polar)
3.8±0.1 (equator)		54.7±0.3CHARA array – MIRC[5]2007
Regulus
α Leo Aa		1.24±0.023.2±0.1 (polar)
4.2±0.1 (equator)		79.3±0.7CHARA array – MIRC[5]2008
Algol
β Per Aa1
0.88±0.054.1393±2CHARA array – MIRC[6]2006stationary object in the animation
β Per Aa21.12±0.073orbiting object in the animation
β Per Ab0.56±0.100.9Observed radius of Algol Ab is an instrumental artifact, caused bybandwidth smearing.
Actual radius is 1.73 ± 0.33R☉.
Alkaid
η UMa		0.834±0.0602.86±0.21103.9±0.8CHARA array[7]2012
σ Gem A2.42510.1±0.4126±2CHARA array/MIRC[8]2011The star contains starspots on its surface
Markab
α Peg		1.052±0.0664.62±0.29133±1CHARA array[7]2012
Elnath
β Tau		1.09±0.0764.82±0.34134±2CHARA array[7]2012
ζ And Aa2.502±0.00815.0±0.8 (polar)189±3CFHT[9][10]1996First direct imaging ofstarspots on a star outside the Solar System.
R Dor
57±5370±50204±9New Technology Telescope[11]19932nd largest known star by apparent diameter inEarth's sky, after the Sun.
Mira
ο Cet A		28.9–34.9[12]332–402[12]420Hubble –FOC[13]1997
Polaris
α UMi Aa
3.143±0.02746.27±0.42446±1CHARA array[14]2024
T Lep5.8
15 formolecular layer		100500Very Large Telescope – VLTI[15]/AMBER[16]2009
π1 Gru21[17]370[17]535[17]Very Large Telescope – VLTI/PIONIER[18]2017First directly observedgranulation patterns on a star's surface outside the Solar System.
Antares
α Sco A		41.3±0.1680[19]553[20]Very Large Telescope – VLTI/AMBER[21][22]2017
R Car10.23±0.05–13.77±0.14400–540590±40Very Large Telescope –PIONIER[23]2014[a]
Betelgeuse
α Ori		50640[24]–764[25]643±146Hubble –GHRS[1]1995First star with a resolved image outside the Solar System.
Sheliak
β Lyr Aa
0.466960±50CHARA array – MIRC[26]2007Both Aa1 and Aa2 are visible in the animation.
R Scl8.9±0.3355±551180±140Very Large Telescope –AMBER[27]2017
θ1 Ori C0.210.6±1.51400Very Large Telescope –AMBER[28]2009In the image, the right inset is θ1 Ori C and the left inset is θ1 Ori F.
θ1 Ori FVery Large Telescope – VLTI/GRAVITY[29]2016
ε Aur2.22±0.10[30]143–358[30]2000–4800[30]CHARA array – MIRC[31]2009Supergiant with an eclipsing companion surrounded by a massive, opaquedebris disk
AZ Cyg4.05±0.01911+57
−50		6820+420
−380		CHARA array – MIRC[32]2011[b]
SU Per3.53±0.09[33]1044+31
−21–1139+34
−23[34]		7,250+470
−420[35]		CHARA array[33]2015
ρ Cas
2.09±0.02564-7008150±1630CHARA array[36]2024
RW Cep2.451100±44[37]11000+4600
−2600–22000+5200
−3300		CHARA array – MIRC-X and MYSTIC[38]2022Hypergiant star currently undergoing a great dimming event
HR 5171 Aa4.1±0.81060–1160[39]11740±1630Very Large Telescope – VLTI/PIONIER[40]2014Eclipsing and potentialcontact binaryyellow hypergiant
WOH G64800[41]ca. 160 000Very Large Telescope – VLTI/GRAVITY[42]2024Star is in theLarge Magellanic Cloud. First resolved image of star outside of theMilky Way.
V602 Carinae1,015[43]Very Large Telescope – VLTI/PIONIER[44]2022

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Published 2024 based on observations from 2014 and 2020
  2. ^First peer-reviewed publication in 2021, based on observations from 2011-2016

References

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  2. ^"NASA – Sun–Earth Day – Technology Through Time".NASA. 2006. Retrieved2022-11-24.
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  15. ^"Hundred metre virtual telescope captures unique detailed colour image".European Southern Observatory. 18 February 2009. Retrieved26 June 2017.
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  17. ^abcWallstrom, S. H. J.; Danilovich, T.; Muller, H. S. P.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Maes, S.; Van de Sande, M.; Decin, L.; Richards, A. M. S.; Baudry, A.; Bolte, J.; Ceulemans, T.; De Ceuster, F.; de Koter, A.; Mellah, I. El; Esseldeurs, M. (December 6, 2023). "ATOMIUM: Molecular inventory of 17 oxygen-rich evolved stars observed with ALMA".Astronomy & Astrophysics.681: A50.arXiv:2312.03467.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347632.ISSN 0004-6361.
  18. ^"Giant Bubbles on Red Giant Star's Surface".European Southern Observatory. Retrieved22 December 2017.
  19. ^Ohnaka, K; Hofmann, K.-H; Schertl, D; Weigelt, G; Baffa, C; Chelli, A; Petrov, R; Robbe-Dubois, S (2013). "High spectral resolution imaging of the dynamical atmosphere of the red supergiant Antares in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER".Astronomy & Astrophysics.555: A24.arXiv:1304.4800.Bibcode:2013A&A...555A..24O.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321063.S2CID 56396587.
  20. ^van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction".Astronomy and Astrophysics.474 (2):653–664.arXiv:0708.1752.Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.S2CID 18759600.
  21. ^"Astronomers Capture Best-Ever Image of Alien Star". Scientific American. 24 August 2017. Retrieved27 August 2017.
  22. ^"VLTI reconstructed view of the surface of Antares".
  23. ^Rosales-Guzmán, A.; Sanchez-Bermudez, J.; et al. (August 2024)."A new dimension in the variability of AGB stars: Convection patterns size changes with pulsation".Astronomy & Astrophysics.688: A124.arXiv:2405.10164.Bibcode:2024A&A...688A.124R.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202349112.
  24. ^Mittag, M.; Schröder, K.-P.; Perdelwitz, V.; Jack, D.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (2023-01-01)."Chromospheric activity and photospheric variation of α Ori during the great dimming event in 2020".Astronomy & Astrophysics.669: A9.arXiv:2211.04967.Bibcode:2023A&A...669A...9M.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244924.ISSN 0004-6361.
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  36. ^Anugu, Narsireddy; Baron, Fabien; et al. (October 2024)."CHARA Near-infrared Imaging of the Yellow Hypergiant Star ρ Cassiopeiae: Convection Cells and Circumstellar Envelope".The Astrophysical Journal.974 (1): 113.arXiv:2408.02756.Bibcode:2024ApJ...974..113A.doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad6b2b.
  37. ^Anugu, Narsireddy; Gies, Douglas R.; Roettenbacher, Rachael M.; Monnier, John D.; Montargés, Miguel; Mérand, Antoine; Baron, Fabien; Schaefer, Gail H.; Shepard, Katherine A.; Kraus, Stefan; Anderson, Matthew D.; Codron, Isabelle; Gardner, Tyler; Gutierrez, Mayra; Köhler, Rainer (September 2024)."Time Evolution Images of the Hypergiant RW Cephei during the Rebrightening Phase Following the Great Dimming".The Astrophysical Journal Letters.973 (1): L5.arXiv:2408.11906.Bibcode:2024ApJ...973L...5A.doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad736c.ISSN 2041-8205.
  38. ^Anugu, Narsireddy; Baron, Fabien; Gies, Douglas R.; Lanthermann, Cyprien; Schaefer, Gail H.; Shepard, Katherine A.; ten Brummelaar, Theo; Monnier, John D.; Kraus, Stefan; Le Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste; Davies, Claire L.; Ennis, Jacob; Gardner, Tyler; Labdon, Aaron; Roettenbacher, Rachael M.; Setterholm, Benjamin R.; Vollmann, Wolfgang; Sigismondi, Constantino (July 2023)."The Great Dimming of the hypergiant star RW Cephei: CHARA Array images and spectral analysis".The Astronomical Journal.166 (2): 78.arXiv:2307.04926.Bibcode:2023AJ....166...78A.doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ace59d.S2CID 259766495.
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  40. ^Wittkowski, M; Abellan, F. J; Arroyo-Torres, B; Chiavassa, A; Guirado, J. C; Marcaide, J. M; Alberdi, A; De Wit, W. J; Hofmann, K.-H; Meilland, A; Millour, F; Mohamed, S; Sanchez-Bermudez, J (28 September 2017). "Multi-epoch VLTI-PIONIER imaging of the supergiant V766 Cen: Image of the close companion in front of the primary".Astronomy & Astrophysics.1709: L1.arXiv:1709.09430.Bibcode:2017A&A...606L...1W.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731569.S2CID 54740936.
  41. ^Munoz-Sanchez, G.; Kalitsounaki, M.; Wit, S. de; Antoniadis, K.; Bonanos, A. Z.; Zapartas, E.; Boutsia, K.; Christodoulou, E.; Maravelias, G. (2024-12-02),The dramatic transition of the extreme Red Supergiant WOH G64 to a Yellow Hypergiant,arXiv:2411.19329
  42. ^Ohnaka, K.; Hofmann, K.-H.; Weigelt, G.; Loon, J. Th van; Schertl, D.; Goldman, S. R. (2024-11-01)."Imaging the innermost circumstellar environment of the red supergiant WOH G64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud".Astronomy & Astrophysics.691: L15.arXiv:2412.01921.Bibcode:2024A&A...691L..15O.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451820.ISSN 0004-6361.
  43. ^González-Torà, G.; Wittkowski, M.; Davies, B.; Plez, B. (2023-12-19),"The effect of winds on atmospheric layers of red supergiants II. Modelling VLTI/GRAVITY and MATISSE observations of AH Sco, KW SGR, V602 Car, CK Car, and V460 Car",Astronomy & Astrophysics,683: A19,arXiv:2312.12521,doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348047, retrieved2025-12-03
  44. ^Climent, J. B.; Wittkowski, M.; Chiavassa, A.; Baron, F.; Marcaide, J. M.; Guirado, J. C.; Freytag, B.; Höfner, S.; Haubois, X. (2020-02-21),"VLTI-PIONIER imaging of the red supergiant V602 Carinae",Astronomy & Astrophysics,635: A160,arXiv:2002.09243,Bibcode:2020A&A...635A.160C,doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936734, retrieved2025-10-25
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