This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.
The following is alist of notable people who owned other people as slaves, where there is a consensus of historical evidence ofslave ownership, in alphabetical order by last name.
Adelicia Acklen (1817–1887), at one time the wealthiest woman in Tennessee, she inherited 750 enslaved people from her husband,Isaac Franklin.[1]
Green Adams (1812–1884), United States congressman, in a speech in the House of Representatives he described laboring alongside his own slaves while admitting that "much evil attends [the institutions of slavery]".[2][3]
Stair Agnew (1757–1821), land owner, judge and political figure inNew Brunswick, he enslaved people and participated in court cases testing the legality of slavery in the colony.[5]
Isaac Allen (1741–1806), New Brunswick judge, he dissented in an unsuccessful 1799 case challenging slavery (R v Jones), freeing his own slaves a short time later.[9]
John James Audubon (1785–1851), American naturalist. He objected to Britain's abolition of slavery in the Caribbean and bought and sold enslaved people himself.[16]
William Barksdale (1821–1863), U.S. Representative and white supremacist, he enslaved 36 people by 1860 and vigorously defended the institution of slavery.[27]
George Berkeley (1685–1753), Anglo-Irish philosopher who purchased several enslaved Africans to work on his plantation inRhode Island.[38]
John M. Berrien (1781–1856), U.S. Senator fromGeorgia who argued that slavery "lay at the foundation of the Constitution" and that slaves "constitute the very foundation of your union".[39]
Antoine Bestel (1766–1852), lawyer from France who migrated to Mauritius where he owned at least 122 slaves.[40][41]
James G. Birney (1792–1857), an attorney and planter who freed his slaves and became an abolitionist.[42]
William Brattle (1706–1776), American politician and military officer, he was identified as a slave owner in a 2022 Harvard investigation into that university'slegacy of slavery.[50]
Preston Brooks (1819–1857), veteran of the Mexican–American War and U.S. Congressman from South Carolina. A slaveholder, he beat abolitionist senatorCharles Sumner nearly to death after the latter spoke against slavery in the Senate.[53]
James Brown (1766–1835), U.S. Minister to France, U.S. Senator, and sugarcane planter, some of whose slaves were involved in the1811 German Coast uprising in what is now Louisiana.[54]
Chang and Eng Bunker (1811–1874), Siamese twins who became successful entertainers in the United States.[55]
The reputation ofEdward Colston, long praised for philanthropy, has been reassessed as his connections to slave-trading were uncovered. Protestors toppledhis statue inBristol in 2020.
Julius Caesar (100–44BCE), Roman dictator, he once sold the entire population ofAtuatuci into slavery.[59] He personally owned slaves, some of whom he freed, such as Julius Zoilos.[60]
Meredith Calhoun (1805–1869), Louisiana planter, merchant, slavetrader, and journalist.[63] There have been reports dating to the 19th century that authorHarriet Beecher Stowe based the character of Simon Legree in her novelUncle Tom's Cabin (1852) on Calhoun.[64][65]
Paul C. Cameron (1808–1891), North Carolina slaveholder and North Carolina Supreme Court justice. By about 1860, he owned 30,000 acres of land and 1,900 slaves.[66]
Caravaggio (1571–1610), Italian artist and Hospitaller knight, who while in Malta was gifted slaves by Grand MasterAlof de Wignacourt in recognition for his work as a painter.[68]
Charles Carroll (1737–1832), signer of Declaration of Independence, enslaved approximately 300 people on his estate in Maryland.[69]
Landon Carter (1710–1778), Virginia planter who enslaved as many as 500 people by the end of his life.[70]
Robert "King" Carter (1663–1732), Virginia landowner and acting governor of Virginia. He left 3000 enslaved people to his heirs.[71]
Samuel A. Cartwright (1793–1863), American physician who invented the pseudoscientific diagnosis ofdrapetomania to explain the desire for freedom among enslaved Africans.[72][73]
Lewis Cass (1782–1866), American politician prominent in Michigan, was known to have owned at least one slave.[74]
Cato the Elder (234–149 BCE), Roman statesman.Plutarch reported that he owned many slaves, purchasing the youngest captives of war.[76]
Pietru Caxaro (died 1485), Maltese notary, orator, politician, philosopher, and poet, who had at least six slaves in his service.[77]
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (1819–1874), a Cuban revolutionary, he emancipated his own slaves at the beginning of theTen Years' War, but only advocated for gradual abolition throughout Cuba.[78]
Sam Davis (1842–1863), Confederate soldier executed by Union forces. He came from a family of slave owners and, as a child, was gifted an enslaved person.[97]
James De Lancey (1703–1760), judge and politician in colonial New York. His own slave, Othello, was accused of attending a meeting related to theConspiracy of 1741 and De Lancey sentenced him and other suspected enslaved conspirators to death.[99]
James De Lancey (1746–1804), colonial American and leader of a loyalist brigade. When he fled toNova Scotia after the War of Independence, he took six enslaved people with him.[100]
Stephen A. Douglas (1813–1861), U.S. Senator fromIllinois and 1860 U.S. Democratic presidential candidate. He inherited a Mississippi plantation and 100 slaves from his father-in-law.[110] Historians continue to debate whether he opposed slavery.[111]
Richard Duncan (died 1819), politician in Upper Canada and slave owner.[18]
Robley Dunglison (1798–1869), English-American physician, medical educator and author—purchased slaves fromThomas Jefferson while teaching at University of Virginia.[113]
Erchinoald (died 658), mayor of the palace of Neustria (in present-day France). He introduced his slave,Balthild, toClovis II who made her his wife and queen consort.[123]
Rebecca Latimer Felton (1835–1930), suffragist, white supremacist, and Senator for Georgia, she was the last member of the U.S. Congress to have been a slave owner.[126]
Antônio Pires Ferreira (1799–1877), a powerful farmer responsible for building Engenho Paraíso, the most importantengenho from Maranhão.[127]
Eliza Fenwick (1767–1840), British author, she used slave labor in her Barbados schoolhouse.[128]
Fernando Pires Ferreira (1842–1907), the father ofophthalmology in Brazil. After his father died in 1877, he inherited part of property, including the slaves. He wasn't interested in farming, and his property was passed to his relatives that lived in Piauí and Maranhão, instead of his children.[129]
Firmino Pires Ferreira (1848–1930), important Brazilian military and politician during theOld Republic. When he got married in 1875, "the party lasted two whole days, with the guests and slaves dancing, singing, drinking and eating".[130]
James Garland ( 1791–1885), Virginian politician, planter, lawyer, and judge. By 1820, the Garland household included five free people and nine slaves.[citation needed]
Horatio Gates (1727–1806), American general during theAmerican Revolutionary War. Seven years later, he sold his plantation, freed his slaves, and moved north to New York.[138]
Sir John Gladstone (1764–1851), British politician, owner of plantations in Jamaica and Guyana, and recipient of the single largest payment from the Slave Compensation Commission.[139][140]
Antão Gonçalves (15th-century), Portuguese explorer and, in 1441, the first to enslave captive Africans and bring them to Portugal for sale.[142]
Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885), Union general and 18th President of the United States, who acquired slaves through his wife and father-in-law.[143] On March 29, 1859, Grant freed his slave William Jones, making Jones the last person to have been enslaved by a person who later served as U.S. president.[144]
Wade Hampton II (1791–1858), American soldier and planter with land holdings in three states. He held a total of 335 slaves in Mississippi by 1860.[150]
Wade Hampton III (1818–1902), U.S. Senator, governor of South Carolina, Confederate lieutenant general, planter, slave owner, white supremacist, and proponent of theLost Cause.[151]
John Hancock (1737–1793), American statesman. He inherited several household slaves who were eventually freed through the terms of his uncle's will; there is no evidence that he ever bought or sold slaves himself.[152]
Benjamin Harrison IV (1693–1745), American planter and politician. Upon his death each of his ten surviving children inherited slaves from his estate.[153]
Benjamin Harrison V (1726–1791), American politician, United States Declaration of Independence signatory, he inherited a plantation and the people enslaved upon it from his father.[154]
Benjamin Hawkins (1754–1816), Continental Congress delegate, Senator for North Carolina, and appointed by George Washington asIndian agent of the United States. He built a large complex using slave labour and transformedCreek Agency andFort Hawkins into holding stations for fugitive slaves.
Patrick Henry (1736–1799), American statesman and orator. He wrote in 1773, "I am the master of slaves of my own purchase. I am drawn along by the general inconvenience of living here without them. I will not, I cannot justify it."[156]
Thomas Heyward Jr. (1746–1809), South Carolina judge, planter, and signer of theU.S. Declaration of Independence. He impregnated at least one of the women he enslaved, making him the grandfather ofThomas E. Miller, one of only five African Americans elected to Congress from the South in the 1890s.[157]
George Hibbert (1757–1837), English merchant, politician, and ship-owner. A leading member of the pro-slavery lobby, he was awarded £16,000 in compensation after Britain abolished slavery.[158]
Thomas Hibbert (1710–1780), English merchant, he became rich from slave labor on his Jamaican plantations.[159]
Eufrosina Hinard (born 1777), a free black woman in New Orleans, she owned slaves and leased them to others.[160]
Thomas C. Hindman (1828–1868), American politician and Confederate general. During the Civil War he rented two enslaved families to the Medical Director of the Army of Tennessee.[161]
Abijah Hunt (1762–1811), planter and merchant in theNatchez District in Mississippi. In 1808, he sold one of his plantations, complete with 60 or 61 slaves.[168]
David Hunt (1779–1861), wealthy planter in theNatchez District of Mississippi and the largest benefactor ofOakland College, he and his married children enslaved nearly 1,700 people.[169]
Peter Jefferson (1708–1757), father of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson.[176] In his last will and testament he set free the slaves who remained his after paying Monticello's debts.
William King (1812–1895), he enslaved as many as 15 people before becoming an abolitionist and establishing theElgin settlement, a community of former slaves in southwesternOntario.[180]
Anna Kingsley (1793–1870), African-born, when she was thirteen Zephaniah Kingsley bought her to be his wife; she later owned slaves in her own right.[181]
Henry Laurens (1724–1792), 5th President of the Continental Congress, his company, Austin and Laurens, was the largest slave-trader in North America.[188]
Delphine LaLaurie (1787–1849), New Orleans socialite and serial killer, infamous for torturing and murdering slaves in her household.[189]
John Lamont (1782–1850), Scottish emigrant who enslaved people on his Trinidad sugar plantations.[190]
Marie Laveau (1801–1881), Louisiana Voodoo practitioner, she enslaved at least seven people.[191]
William Ballard Lenoir (1775–1852), mill-owner and Tennessee politician, he used both paid and forced labor in his mills.[196]
Francis Lieber (1800–1872), German-American jurist and political philosopher who authored theLieber Code during theAmerican Civil War. He enslaved people in South Carolina before he moved north to New York.[197][198]
Edward Lloyd (1779–1834), American politician from Maryland, in 1832 owned 468 people, including abolitionistFrederick Douglass (then known as Frederick Bailey).[199]
Edward Long (1734–1813), English colonial administrator and planter inJamaica. He was a slave-owner and polemic defender of slavery.[200]
George Long (1800–1879), English classical scholar. Long acquireda slave named Jacob while teaching at theUniversity of Virginia and brought him back to England, where he was listed in the census as a manservant.[201]
Macuncuzade Mustafa Efendi (born c. 1550s), Ottoman qadi and poet who owned at least one slave. He and his slave were on board a ship which was captured by theKnights Hospitaller in 1597, and they were both enslaved in Malta until 1600.[205]
William Mahone (1826–1895), railroad builder, Confederate general and U.S. Senator fromVirginia. He had owned slaves but joined the bi-racialReadjuster Party after the Civil War.[212]
John McGavock (1815–1893), Louisiana plantation owner and private secretary to Attorney GeneralFelix Grundy.Mariah Reddick was enslaved by McGavock and continued to work for his family after the Civil War.[224]
John Newton captained slave ships and was enslaved himself inSierra Leone. He became an abolitionist, calling the African slave trade "this stain of our National character".
Susannah Ostrehan (died 1809), Barbadian businesswoman, herself a freed slave, she bought some slaves (including her own family) in order to free them, but kept others to labor on her properties.[245]
James Owen (1784–1865), American politician, planter, major-general and businessman, he owned the enslaved scholarOmar ibn Said.[246]
John Pinney (1740–1818), a British merchant, he inherited a sugar plantation onNevis at age 22 and bought dozens of enslaved people to work it.[256][257]
Mattia Preti (1613–1699), Italian artist and Hospitaller knight, who while in Malta owned a slave who modelled for his paintings.[68]
Rachael Pringle Polgreen (1753–1791), Afro-Barbadian hotelier and brothel owner. Emancipated herself, she had a violent temper and abused her own slaves.[266]
Daniel Robertson (1733–1810), British Army officer in North America, manumittedPierre Bonga and his parents atMackinac Island, as well as Hilaire Lamour in Montreal, but insisted that Lamour pay for the release of his wife Catherine in 1787.[272]
Thomas Sumter (1734–1832), South Carolina planter and general, in the Revolutionary War he gifted slaves to new recruits as an incentive to enlist.[300]
Martha Washington (1731–1802), 1stU.S. First Lady, inherited slaves upon the death of her first husband and later gave slaves to her grandchildren as wedding gifts.[337]
John H. Wheeler (1806–1882), U.S. Cabinet official and North Carolina planter. In separate, well-publicized incidents, two women he enslaved,Jane Johnson andHannah Bond, escaped from him and both gained their freedom.[343][344]
William Whipple (1730–1785), American general and politician, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and slave trader.[345]
George Whitefield (1714–1770), English Methodist preacher who successfully campaigned to legalize slavery in Georgia.[346]
John Witherspoon (1723–1794), Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, Founding Father of the United States, president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). At the time of his death, he owned "two slaves...valued at a hundred dollars each".[349]
Joseph Wragg (1698–1751), British-American merchant and politician. He and his partner Benjamin Savage were among the first colonial merchants and ship owners to specialize in the slave trade.[351]
William Lowndes Yancey (1814–1863), American secessionist leader, he was gifted 36 people as a dowry and established a plantation where he forced them to work.[355]
Marie-Marguerite d'Youville (1701–1771), the first person born in Canada to be declared a saint and "one of Montreal's more prominent slaveholders".[356]
David Levy Yulee (1810–1886), American politician and attorney, he forced enslaved people to work his Florida sugarcane plantation and later to build a railroad.[357]
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