ThisList of shell ring sites includesarchaeological sites with confirmed and possibleshell rings . Shell rings have been reported fromColombia ,Peru ,Japan , and thesoutheastern United States . Some sites have two or more shell rings, including some with two more or less equal rings joined together, or a main ring with smaller rings attached to it. About half of the sites with shell rings in the United States are in theSea Islands of South Carolina, Georgia, and northeastern Florida.
South Carolina Sea Islands [ edit ] Auld Mound , or Yough Hall Plantation Shell Ring (38CH41 ) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed inNational Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[ 10] Barrows (38BU300) - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 11] [ 12] Bull Island (38BU475) - Shell ring of undetermined date.[ 13] Buzzard's Island Site (38CH23) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed in NRHP.[ 14] Chester Field (38BU29) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed in NRHP.[ 15] Coosaw Island (38BU1866) - Four shell rings, two conjoined, at least three are Late Archaic.[ 16] Crow Island (38CH60) - C-shaped mound, possible shell ring.[ 17] Fig Island Site (38CH42) - Three Late Archaic shell rings, one with several attached rings, listed in NRHP,National Historic Landmark (NHL).Guerard Point (38BU21) Reported as a ring in 1897, now completely leveled.[ 18] Hanckel Mound , or Leadenwah Creek Mount (38CH7) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed in NRHP.[ 19] Horse Island (38CH14) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed in NRHP.[ 20] Lighthouse Point Shell Ring , or Parrot's Point Shell Ring (38CH12) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed in NRHP.[ 21] Patent (38BU301) - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 11] [ 22] Sea Pines (38BU7) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed in NRHP.[ 23] Sewee Mound (38CH45) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed in NRHP.[ 24] Skull Creek (38BU8) - Two conjoined Late Archaic shell rings, listed in NRHP.[ 25] Stratton Place (38CH24) - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 26] Georgia Sea Islands [ edit ] Barbour Island (9MC320) - Late Archaic possible shell ring.[ 27] Bony Hammock (9GN53) - Late Archaic possible shell ring.[ 28] Busch Krick (9MC87)- Late Archaic shell ring, damaged.[ 29] Cane Patch (9CH35) - Late Archaic possible shell ring, has been mined.[ 30] Cannon's Point (9GN57) Late Archaic shell ring.[ 31] Long Field Crescent/St. Catherines Island Shell Ring (9LI231) - Late Archaic shell ring, listed in NRHP.[ 32] [ 33] [ 34] [ 35] McQueen Shell Ring - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 33] [ 36] Odingsell (9CH111) - Late Archaic possible shell ring.[ 37] Oemler (9CH14) - Late Archaic possible shell ring.[ 38] Osabaw 77 (9CH203) - Late Archaic possible shell ring.[ 39] Sapelo Island (9MC23) - Three Late Archaic shell rings, Sapelo 1 largely intact, Sapelo 2 heavily damaged, Sapelo 3 may represent either early stages in construction of a ring or a very heavily damaged ring.[ 40] Skidaway IslandLarge and Small Skidaway 9 (9CH63) Two shell rings, possibly pre-ceramic.[ 41] Skidaway 21 (9CH75) - Possible shell ring.[ 42] Skidaway (9CH77) - Late Archaic shell ring, highly modified.[ 43] West (9GN76) - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 44] Grand Shell Ring (8DU1) - EarlySt. Johns II culture (900-1250) shell ring associated with a sand mound, listed in NRHP.[ 45] Oxeye (8DU7478) - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 46] Rollins (8DU7510) - Late Archaic large shell ring with many smaller rings attached.[ 47] East Coast and St. Johns River valley [ edit ] Guana (8SJ2554) - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 48] Joseph Reed (8MT13) - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 49] Silver Glen Run (8LA1) - Archaic U-shaped shell ring.[ 50] Bonita Bay (8LL716, 8LL717) - Shell ring with associated mound of uncertain date.[ 51] Chokoloskee - Possible shell ring with associatedshell works , destroyed by development.[ 52] Dismal Key - TwoGlades culture shell rings with associated shell works.[ 53] Dismal Key Southeast Ring - Shell ring.[ 54] Everglades City No. 7 - Two late Archaic/Glades culture shell rings.[ 55] Everglades City No. 9 - Two late Archaic shell rings.[ 56] Everglades City No. 10 - Two late Archaic shell rings.[ 57] Everglades City South Ring - Glades culture shell ring.[ 58] Fakahatchee Key - Two Glades culture shell rings with associated shell works.[ 59] Fakahatchee Key 3 - Shell ring.[ 60] Hill Cottage (8SO2) - Late Archaic shell ring.[ 61] Horr's Island archaeological site (8CR206, 8CR207, 8CR208, 8CR209, 8CR211) - Late Archaic shell ring with associatedmounds .[ 62] Key Marco - Possible Glades culture shell ring with associated shell works, destroyed by development.[ 63] Russell Key - Glades culture shell ring with associated shell works.[ 64] Sandfly Key - Two late Archaic/Glades culture shell rings with associated shell works.[ 65] Santina Horseshoe - Possible shell ring.[ 66] West Pass - Possible shell ring (crescent shaped midden) with associated shell works.[ 67] Deer Island (8LV75) - Deptford culture.[ 68] Komar Island (8LV290) - U-shaped ring.[ 69] Richards Island (8LV137) - U-shaped ring, possible Deptford, SwiftCreek or Weeden Island connections.[ 70] Raleigh Island - Multiple small rings, dated 900–1200.[ 71] [ 72] Bernath -Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture shell ring.[ 73] Buck Bayou (8WL90) - Late Archaic, possible shell ring, possible connections toPoverty Point .[ 74] Fourmile Point - Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture shell ring.[ 75] Gulf Breeze - Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture shell ring.[ 75] Hammock Point - Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture shell ring.[ 75] Horseshoe Bayou - Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture shell ring.[ 76] Meig's Pasture (8OK102) Late Archaic ring, but little shell.[ 77] Strange Bayou - Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture shell ring.[ 75] Third Gulf Breeze - Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture shell ring.[ 76] Strange's Ring Midden (8BY1355) - late Weeden Island period midden ring.[ 78] Cedarland (22HC30) - Late Archaic shell ring with a number of differences compared to Atlantic coast rings.[ 80] Claiborne (22HC35) - Late Archaic shell ring with a number of differences compared to Atlantic coast rings.[ 81] Kinlock (22SU526) - Fresh water mussel shell C-shaped ring.[ 82] ^ Hemmings, E. Thomas (1970)."Emergence of Formative Life on the Atlantic Coast of the Southeast" .Research Manuscript Series, Book 6 . University of South Carolina. pp. 7– 8. Retrieved19 November 2011 . ^a b c d Koike, Hiroko (1980)."Seasonal Dating by Growth-line Counting of the Clam,Meretrix lusoria Part II. Seasonality of Shell-collecting Activities in Prehistoric Japan I. Historical Review of Shell-Midden Studies in Japan" .The University Museum Bulletin .18 . University of Tokyo. Archived fromthe original on 25 November 2006. Retrieved10 December 2011 . ^ "Futatsumori Shell Mound" . Archived fromthe original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved11 December 2011 .^ "Horinouchi Shell Mound" . City of Ichikawa. Archived fromthe original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved11 December 2011 .^ Kawashima, Takamune (2010)."Mounds and rituals in the Jomon Period" (PDF) .Documenta Praehistorica .XXXVII :185– 192.doi :10.4312/dp.37.16 . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved9 December 2011 . ^ Naumann, Nelly (2000).Japanese Prehistory: The Material and Spiritual Culture of the Jōmon Period ISBN 3-447-04329-6 ^ Koike, Hiroko."Prehistoric Hunting Pressure and Paleobiomass: An Environmental Reconstruction and Archaeozoological Analysis of a Jomon Shellmound Area" . Retrieved9 December 2011 . ^ "Kotehashi Shell Mound" . Retrieved11 December 2011 .^ "Ubayama Kaizuka (Shell Mound) Park" . City of Ichikawa. Archived fromthe original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved11 December 2011 .^ National Register:7 ^a b "Daws Island Heritage Preserve" . South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. Archived fromthe original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved6 December 2011 .^ Russo 2006: 71 ^ Russo:122 ^ "Buzzard's Island Shell Ring Heritage Preserve South Carolina" . National Park Service. Archived fromthe original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved6 December 2011 .^ National Register:3 ^ Heide, Gregory and Michael Russo (2003)."Investigation of the Coosaw Island Shell Ring Complex (38BU1866)" (PDF) . National Park Service. Retrieved6 December 2011 . ^ Russo 2006:131 ^ Russo:116 ^ National Register:7 ^ National Register:7 ^ Trinkley, Michael (October 1975)."Preliminary Report of Archaeological Excavations at Lighthouse Point Shell Ring, South Carolina" (PDF) .Southern Indian Studies .XXVII :1– 36. Retrieved6 December 2011 . ^ Russo 2006:72-73 ^ "The Indian Shell Ring in the Sea Pines Forest Preserve" . Association of Sea Pines Plantation Property Owners. Retrieved7 December 2011 .^ Russo, Michael and Gregory Heide (2003)."Mapping the Sewee Shell Ring" (PDF) . National Park Service. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 14 July 2010. Retrieved6 December 2011 . ^ National Register:3 ^ Trinkley, Michael (1984)."The Archaeology of Sol Legare Island, Charleston County, South Carolina" (PDF) . Chicora Foundation. Retrieved6 December 2011 . ^ Russo 2006:148 ^ Russo 2006:144 ^ Crusoe and DePratter:7-8 ^ Crusoe and DePratter:8-9, 10, 11 ^ Marrinan, Rochelle A. (1975)."Ceramics, Molluscs, and Sedentism: the Late Archaic Period on the Georgia Coast" . University of Florida. ^ Russo 2006:146 ^a b Mahar, Ginessa."The Bigger Picture: Using Landscape Archaeology to Better Understand Two Late Archaic Shell Rings on St. Catherines Island" .The Society for Georgia Archaeology . Retrieved10 December 2011 . ^ Cannarozzi, Nicole R. (12 March 2012)."Estimating the Season of Harvest of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica ) from the St. Catherines Island Shell Ring" .Seasonality and Human Mobility Along the Georgia Bight . American Museum of Natural History. pp. 171– 186.hdl :2246/6164 . ^ Elliott, Daniel T."Ground Penetrating Radar Reconnaissance on St. Catherine's Island, Georgia" (PDF) . The LAMAR Institute. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 12 June 2010. Retrieved30 January 2013 . ^ Thomas, David Hurst and Matthew C. Sanger."Trend, Tradition, and Turmoil: What Happened in the Southeastern Archaic?" (PDF) . Retrieved9 December 2011 . ^ Russo 2006:142 ^ Russo 2006:135 ^ Russo 2006:143 ^ Russo 2006:88-93 ^ Russo 2006:139 ^ Russo 2006:140 ^ Russo 2006:141 ^ Russo 2006:87 ^ Parsons, Alexandra (2008)."The Grand Shell Ring: A Study of Site Seasonality, Hard Clam Exploitation, and Resource Scheduling" (PDF) . Florida State University. p. 18. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 14 April 2012. Retrieved8 December 2011 . Lee, Harry G."Archaeology Team Really Digs Shells" . Retrieved8 December 2011 . ^ Russo 2006:96-97 ^ Russo 2006:98-99 ^ Russo, Michael, Gregory Heide, and Vicki Rolland."The Guana Shell Ring" (PDF) . National Park Service. Retrieved7 December 2011 . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ Russo, Michael and Gregory Heide (June 2002)."The Joseph Reed Shell Ring" (PDF) .The Florida Anthropologist .55 (2). 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Retrieved28 May 2018 . ^ "Dauphin Island Shell Mounds" .University of South Alabama - Center for Archaeological Studies . Archived fromthe original on 10 May 2007. Retrieved7 December 2011 .^ Russo 2006:155-56 ^ Russo 2006:157-58 ^ Mitchell, Joseph; Peacock, Evan; Myatt, Shon (2015)."Sampling to redundancy in an applied zooarchaeology: A case study from a fresh water shell ring in the Mississippi Delta, southeastern USA" .Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports .5 : 500.doi :10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.12.020 – via ResearchGate. Bense, Judith A. (1998)."Santa Rosa-Swift Creek in Northwest Florida" . In Mark Williams and Daniel T. Elliott (ed.).A world engraved: archaeology of the Swift Creek culture . Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. pp. 247– 273.ISBN 0-8173-0912-8 Crusoe, Donald L. and Chester B. Depratter (March 1976)."A New Look at the Georgia Coastal Shell Mound Archaic" .The Florida Anthropologist .29 (1):1– 23. Retrieved7 December 2011 . Francis P. 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Archaeological Archaeological Human Miscellaneous
Archaeological Archaeological Human Miscellaneous
