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List of rivers that have reversed direction

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This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(March 2019)

A number ofrivers are known to have reversed the direction of their flow, either permanently or temporarily, in response to geological activity, weather events,climate change, tides, or direct human intervention.

Permanent reversals

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Natural

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River	Original outlet	Current outlet	Continent	Date of reversal	Cause of reversal	References
Amazon River	Pacific Ocean	Atlantic Ocean	South America	Cretaceous period	Formation ofAndes Mountains	^[1]
Wisconsin River	Great Lakes Basin	Mississippi River	North America	Pleistocene Epoch	Pre-Illinoian glaciers	^[2]

Artificial

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River	Original outlet	Current outlet	Continent	Date of reversal	Cause of reversal	References
Chicago River	Lake Michigan	Mississippi River	North America	1900	Construction ofChicago Sanitary and Ship Canal	^[1]

Temporary reversals

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Daily

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Alltidal sections of rivers reverse their flow with the tide about twice a day (orsemidiurnally), by definition. The following are notable examples.^[3]

River	Outlet	Continent	References
Hudson River	Upper New York Bay	North America	^[3]
Saint John River (Reversing Falls)	Bay of Fundy	North America	^[4]
Salmon River	Bay of Fundy	North America	^[5]
Channel of Vivari	Straits of Corfu	Europe	^[6]

Annual

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River	Outlet	Continent	Cause of reversal	References
Krupa River	Neretva River	Europe	High water levels of theNeretva River	^[7]
Petexbatún River	Pasión River	Central America	Winter rain flooding of thePasión River	^[8]
Qiantang River	Hangzhou Bay	Asia	Tidal bore inHangzhou Bay	^[9]
Tonlé Sap River	Mekong River	Asia	Monsoon flooding of theMekong River	^[10]

Intermittent

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Hurricane storm surges often cause temporary reversals of coastal rivers.^[1]

River	Outlet	Continent	Date of reversal	Cause of reversal	References
Chicago River^[a]	Mississippi River	North America	2017 and others^[b]	Storm surge	^[11]
Mississippi River	Gulf of Mexico	North America	1812	Tectonic uplift caused byNew Madrid earthquakes	^[12]
			2005	Storm surge fromHurricane Katrina	^[1]
			2012	Storm surge fromHurricane Isaac	^[1]^[13]
			2021	Storm surge fromHurricane Ida	^[14]

^These reversals represent a return to the Chicago River's original natural outlet in Lake Michigan.
^Reversals of the Chicago River have been increasing in frequency in association withglobal warming, and may soon occur at least once each year.^[11]

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eBorneman, Elizabeth (November 24, 2014)."Rivers that Flow Backwards".Geo Lounge. Retrieved18 March 2019.
^"When the Wisconsin River Flowed East". 11 September 2018.
^^a ^b"The Hudson Estuary: A River That Flows Two Ways".New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved19 March 2019.
^"Reversing Falls".New-Brunswick.net. Retrieved18 March 2019.
^Dinshaw, Fram (June 19, 2018)."What a bore! Truro's 'marvellous' tidal event a daily tourist draw | SaltWire".www.saltwire.com. Retrieved2023-02-06.
^Butrint National Park - Combining Natural Park with Cultural Heritage Retrieved 8 May 2024.
^Krupa River Retrieved 30 August 2022.
^The Petexbatún eco-system (in Spanish) Retrieved 30 January 2021.
^The Bore Tides of the Qiantang River Retrieved 30 January 2021.
^Jennings, Ken (February 2, 2015)."Why the Tonle Sap River Is Unlike Any Other River in the World".Condé Nast Traveler. Retrieved18 March 2019.
^^a ^b"How Climate Change Is Making This River Run Backwards".EcoWatch.Natural Resources Defense Council. June 4, 2017. Retrieved19 March 2019.
^Soniak, Matt (January 25, 2013)."Has a U.S. River Run Backwards Before?".Mental Floss. Retrieved18 March 2019.
^"Mississippi River Flows Backwards Due to Isaac".USGS Newsroom.United States Geological Survey. August 29, 2012. Retrieved19 March 2019.
^"Hurricane Ida Is So Strong It Reversed the Mississippi's Current".interestingengineering.com. 2021-08-30. Retrieved2021-08-30.

v t e Rivers,streams andsprings
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v t e River morphology
Large-scale features	Alluvial plain Drainage basin Drainage system (geomorphology) Estuary Strahler number (stream order) River valley River delta River sinuosity
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Bedforms	Ait Antidune Dune Current ripple
Regional processes	Aggradation Base level Degradation (geology) Erosion and tectonics River rejuvenation
Mechanics	Deposition (geology) Water erosion Exner equation Hack's law Helicoidal flow Playfair's law Sediment transport List of rivers that have reversed direction
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