 | |
| Continent | Europe |
|---|---|
| Region | Southern Europe |
| Coordinates | 43°56′N12°26′E / 43.933°N 12.433°E /43.933; 12.433 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 61 km2 (24 sq mi) |
| Coastline | 0 km (0 mi) |
| Highest point | Monte Titano, 749 m |
| Lowest point | Ausa River, 55 m |
| Longest river | San Marino River |
| Climate | Humid subtropical climate |
San Marino is located in SouthernEurope, an enclave (landlocked) in centralItaly, which it borders for 39 km. The third smallest independent state by area in Europe after theVatican City andMonaco, San Marino is dominated by theApennines. Located at43°56′N12°28′E / 43.94°N 12.46°E /43.94; 12.46, it covers an area of 61.2 km2 (23.6 sq mi). Completely mountainous, only 17% of its territory is arable. Several rivers flow through the country, the largest being theAusa, theMarano, and theSan Marino River.
Theclimate of San Marino is ahumid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification:Cfa), with continental influences, having warm summers and cool winters that are typical of inland areas of the central Italian peninsula. Snowfalls are common and heavy almost every winter, especially above 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 feet) of altitude.
San Marino is divided into 9 castelli, or municipalities. They are:
San Marino has no protected areas as of November, 2016.[1] San Marino is defined as aGlobal 200 Ecoregions.[2] San Marino has nothreatened orendangered species.[citation needed]
San Marino gave credence to and accepted theConvention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, adheres to theInternational Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, and ratified theWorld Heritage Convention.[2] They are members ofInternational Maritime Organization andIPCC.[2] They are signatories to theConvention on Biological Diversity.[3]
While San Marino has no official protected areas, it has a law prohibiting the cutting down of any tree over 10 centimetres (3.9 in) in diameter, meaning that most trees within the country are legally protected.[4] Under theFRA 2010 Categorization of Forests, all of the land area of San Marino is considered "Other land", with none being "Forest" or "Other wooded land".[5] Despite the fact that 16% of the country is woodlands, predominantly of oaks and other broadleaves asQuercus pubescens,Fraxinus ornus,Ostrya carpinifolia,Acer obtusatum,Quercus cerris,Quercus ilex,Populus nigra,Salix alba. Shrublands and similar lands are dominated byCrataegus monogyna,Cornus sanguinea,Spartium junceum,Rubus ulmifolius,Rosa canina,Prunus spinosa,Quercus pubescens,Fraxinus ornus andUlmus minor cover the 17%. Badlands are only 4% of the country, and less than 1% is covered by rivers.[6]
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