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List of protected areas of Peru

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Largest national protected areas cluster in Peru's eastern and southeastern Amazon, with a large offshore Pacific reserve and transboundary areas on the borders with Brazil and Colombia
Protected areas of Peru:
  •   National parks
  •   National reserves
  •   National sanctuaries
  •   Historic sanctuaries
  •   Landscape reserves
  •   Wildlife refuges
  •   Communal reserves
  •   Protected forests
  •   Game reserves
  •   Reserved zones

Peru is recognized as one of the world's 17megadiverse countries, due to its high concentration of species and diverseecosystems.[1] Peru’sprotected areas are continental and marine regions formally designated by theState to conserve the country’s biological diversity and associated cultural, scenic and scientific values, while contributing tosustainable development. These areas are administered at three levels: by the National System of State‑Protected Natural Areas (Spanish:Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado, SINANPE) under theNational Service of Natural Protected Areas (SERNANP); byregional governments as regional conservation areas (Áreas de Conservación Regional, ACR); and by private individuals or communities as private conservation areas (Áreas de Conservación Privada, ACP).[2]

As of 2025[update], Peru has 258 protected natural areas covering terrestrial and marine environments: 78 managed nationally by SERNANP, 35 by regional governments, and 145 under private administration.[3] These areas cover 21.67% of the country’sterrestrial territory and 7.89% of itsmarine territory.[4] The system includes 15national parks, 18 national reserves, 9 national sanctuaries, 4 historic sanctuaries, 2 landscape reserves, 3wildlife refuges, 11 communal reserves, 6 protected forests, 2game reserves, and 8 reserved zones, representing the country’s altitudinal gradients from theAmazon lowlands throughAndean highlands to Pacific coastal deserts.[5] Protected Natural Areas Day (Día de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas del Perú) is celebrated annually on 17 October, recognizing their critical role inbiodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and sustainable development for present and future generations.[6] This list includes all terrestrial and marine areas formally designated as protected under Peruvian law—at the national, regional, or private level—as of 29 September 2025[update].[3]

National System of State‑Protected Natural Areas

[edit]
Map all coordinates usingOpenStreetMapDownload coordinates asKML

The National System of State-Protected Natural Areas is the only network of nationally administered protected areas, managed by the National Service of Natural Protected Areas, which is under theMinistry of the Environment. The system’s objective is to support sustainable development by conserving representative samples of Peru’s biodiversity.[7] SINANPE sites, established with definitive status or with provisional status pending further study as reserved zones, are classified into ten legal categories, including national parks, reserves and sanctuaries.[8]

National parks

[edit]
Main article:List of national parks of Peru
Snow-covered Mount Huascarán seen from a green valley
MountHuascarán, Peru’shighest peak,[9] located withinHuascarán National Park.[10]
Panoramic view of the dense, verdant canopy of lowland Amazon rainforest
LowlandAmazon rainforest inManu National Park
Forest-covered mountain ridge fading into mist, with layered green vegetation
A mist-covered ridge inCordillera Azul National Park, highlighting the park's lush terrain.

National parks are areas established by law to preserve one or more representative ecosystems in their natural state, safeguarding associatedwildlife, cultural features, and scenic values. Human activities are restricted to indirect uses:scientific research and regulatedtourism in designated zones. Peru currently has 15 national parks.[11]

 Blue – UNESCOBiosphere Reserve
 Purple – Park designated as both aWorld Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve
National Parks
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[12]
Cutervo National ParkCajamarca
6°12′7″S78°47′18″W / 6.20194°S 78.78833°W /-6.20194; -78.78833 (Cutervo National Park)
20 September 19618,214.23 ha (20,298 acres)698
Tingo María National ParkHuánuco
9°22′37″S75°59′53″W / 9.37694°S 75.99806°W /-9.37694; -75.99806 (Tingo María National Park)
14 May 19654,777 ha (11,804 acres)163,587
Manu National ParkCusco andMadre de Dios
11°51′23″S71°43′17″W / 11.85639°S 71.72139°W /-11.85639; -71.72139 (Manú National Park)
29 May 19731,716,295.22 ha (4,241,058 acres)13,701
Huascarán National ParkAncash
9°20′0″S77°24′0″W / 9.33333°S 77.40000°W /-9.33333; -77.40000 (Huascarán National Park)
1 July 1975340,000 ha (840,158 acres)273,568
Cerros de Amotape National ParkTumbes andPiura
4°08′52″S80°35′24″W / 4.14778°S 80.59000°W /-4.14778; -80.59000 (Cerros de Amotape National Park)
22 July 1975152,045.13 ha (375,712 acres)Unknown
Rio Abiseo National ParkSan Martín
7°45′0″S77°15′0″W / 7.75000°S 77.25000°W /-7.75000; -77.25000 (Rio Abiseo National Park)
11 August 1983274,520 ha (678,354 acres)740
Yanachaga–Chemillén National ParkPasco
10°24′15″S75°18′38″W / 10.40417°S 75.31056°W /-10.40417; -75.31056 (Yanachaga–Chemillén National Park)
29 August 1986122,000 ha (301,469 acres)6,943
Bahuaja-Sonene National ParkMadre de Dios andPuno
13°16′0″S69°27′0″W / 13.26667°S 69.45000°W /-13.26667; -69.45000 (Bahuaja-Sonene National Park)
17 July 19961,091,416 ha (2,696,948 acres)5
Cordillera Azul National ParkSan Martín,Loreto,Ucayali, andHuánuco
7°45′0″S75°56′24″W / 7.75000°S 75.94000°W /-7.75000; -75.94000 (Cordillera Azul National Park)
21 May 20011,353,190.85 ha (3,343,807 acres)3
Otishi National ParkJunín andCusco
11°40′0″S73°05′0″W / 11.66667°S 73.08333°W /-11.66667; -73.08333 (Otishi National Park)
14 January 2003305,973.05 ha (756,076 acres)Unknown
Alto Purús National ParkUcayali andMadre de Dios
10°49′12″S71°38′24″W / 10.82000°S 71.64000°W /-10.82000; -71.64000 (Alto Purús National Park)
18 November 20042,510,694.41 ha (6,204,061 acres)Unknown
Ichigkat Muja – Cordillera del Cóndor National ParkAmazonas
3°23′34″S78°6′49″W / 3.39278°S 78.11361°W /-3.39278; -78.11361 (Ichigkat Muja – Cordillera del Cóndor National Park)
9 August 200788,477 ha (218,631 acres)Unknown
Güeppi-Sekime National ParkLoreto
0°28′48″S74°54′36″W / 0.48000°S 74.91000°W /-0.48000; -74.91000 (Güeppi-Sekime National Park)
25 October 2012203,628.51 ha (503,177 acres)Unknown
Sierra del Divisor National ParkLoreto andUcayali
7°16′31″S74°4′25″W / 7.27528°S 74.07361°W /-7.27528; -74.07361 (Sierra del Divisor National Park)
9 November 20151,354,485.10 ha (3,347,006 acres)Unknown
Yaguas National ParkLoreto
2°55′0″S71°31′16″W / 2.91667°S 71.52111°W /-2.91667; -71.52111 (Yaguas National Park)
10 January 2018868,927.84 ha (2,147,167 acres)Unknown

National reserves

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Desert cliffs meeting the Pacific Ocean, with sandy beaches under a clear sky
Coastal cliffs and desert sands ofParacas National Reserve
Herd of vicuñas grazing in high-altitude puna grasslands
Wildvicuñas grazing onpuna grassland atSalinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve
Wide river reflecting surrounding tropical rainforest under a blue sky
Seasonally flooded forest along theMarañón River inPacaya Samiria National Reserve

National reserves are legally constituted, permanent areas aiming both to conserve biodiversity and to permit sustainable use of wild flora and fauna. As direct‑use zones, they operate under management plans that authorize traditional resource use by local communities alongside conservation goals. There are 18 national reserves in Peru.[13]

 Purple – Reserve designated as both aWorld Heritage Site andBiosphere Reserve
§ Rose – Ramsar site
National Reserves
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[12]
Pampa Galeras – Barbara D'Achille National ReserveAyacucho
14°41′35″S74°22′08″W / 14.69306°S 74.36889°W /-14.69306; -74.36889 (Pampa Galeras – Bárbara D’Achille National Reserve)
18 May 19676,500 ha (16,062 acres)1,373
Junín National Reserve §Junín andPasco
10°53′14″S76°09′26″W / 10.88722°S 76.15722°W /-10.88722; -76.15722 (Junín National Reserve)
7 August 197453,000 ha (130,966 acres)209
Paracas National Reserve §Ica
13°53′43″S76°16′15″W / 13.89528°S 76.27083°W /-13.89528; -76.27083 (Paracas National Reserve)
25 September 1975335,000 ha (827,803 acres)593,723
Lachay National ReserveLima
11°21′30″S77°22′10″W / 11.35833°S 77.36944°W /-11.35833; -77.36944 (Lachay National Reserve)
21 June 19775,070 ha (12,528 acres)60,038
Titicaca National Reserve §Puno
15°50′11″S69°20′19″W / 15.83639°S 69.33861°W /-15.83639; -69.33861 (Titicaca National Reserve)
31 October 197836,180 ha (89,403 acres)24,171
Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve §Arequipa andMoquegua
16°06′08″S71°13′08″W / 16.10222°S 71.21889°W /-16.10222; -71.21889 (Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve)
9 August 1979366,936 ha (906,719 acres)1,949
Calipuy National ReserveLa Libertad
8°34′8″S78°19′30″W / 8.56889°S 78.32500°W /-8.56889; -78.32500 (Calipuy National Reserve)
8 January 198164,000 ha (158,147 acres)426
Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve §Loreto
5°15′0″S74°40′0″W / 5.25000°S 74.66667°W /-5.25000; -74.66667 (Pacaya–Samiria National Reserve)
25 February 19722,080,000 ha (5,139,792 acres)14,889
Tambopata National ReserveMadre de Dios
12°55′14″S69°19′55″W / 12.92056°S 69.33194°W /-12.92056; -69.33194 (Tambopata National Reserve)
4 September 2000274,690 ha (678,774 acres)72,368
Allpahuayo-Mishana National ReserveLoreto
3°55′41″S73°33′22″W / 3.92806°S 73.55611°W /-3.92806; -73.55611 (Allpahuayo–Mishana National Reserve)
15 January 200458,069.90 ha (143,494 acres)1,977
Tumbes National ReserveTumbes
3°53′49″S80°18′4″W / 3.89694°S 80.30111°W /-3.89694; -80.30111 (Tumbes National Reserve)
7 July 200619,266.72 ha (47,609 acres)Unknown
Matsés National ReserveTumbes
5°43′48″S73°22′29″W / 5.73000°S 73.37472°W /-5.73000; -73.37472 (Matsés National Reserve)
26 August 2009420,635.34 ha (1,039,413 acres)Unknown
Guano Islands, Islets, and Capes National ReserveAncash,Arequipa,Lima,Ica,Moquegua andPacific Ocean
12°18′9″S76°54′8″W / 12.30250°S 76.90222°W /-12.30250; -76.90222 (Guano Islands National Reserve System)
31 December 2009140,833.47 ha (348,007 acres)631,182
Pucacuro National ReserveLoreto
2°26′53″S75°20′29″W / 2.44806°S 75.34139°W /-2.44806; -75.34139 (Pucacuro National Reserve)
23 October 2010637,953.83 ha (1,576,418 acres)Unknown
San Fernando National ReserveIca
14°58′17″S75°17′42″W / 14.97139°S 75.29500°W /-14.97139; -75.29500 (San Fernando National Reserve)
9 July 2011154,716.37 ha (382,312 acres)759
Dorsal de Nasca National ReservePacific Ocean
16°13′50″S77°26′14″W / 16.23056°S 77.43722°W /-16.23056; -77.43722 (Dorsal de Nasca National Reserve)
5 June 20216,239,205.75 ha (15,417,413 acres)Unknown
Illescas National ReservePiura
5°58′28″S81°5′51″W / 5.97444°S 81.09750°W /-5.97444; -81.09750 (Illescas National Reserve)
24 December 202136,550.70 ha (90,319 acres)872
Mar Tropical de Grau National ReservePacific Ocean
5°12′35″S81°12′21″W / 5.20972°S 81.20583°W /-5.20972; -81.20583 (Mar Tropical de Grau National Reserve)
26 April 2024115,675.89 ha (285,841 acres)Unknown

National sanctuaries

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Tall, eroded rock formations standing amid sparse vegetation
Erodedrock formations of the Huayllay Stone Forest within theHuayllay National Sanctuary in the high central Andes
Tall Puya raimondii with flower spike above spiny leaf rosette in Andean grassland
A bloomingPuya raimondii, the largest species ofbromeliad, inCalipuy National Sanctuary

National sanctuaries safeguard the habitat of a particular species or community of plants and animals, as well as natural formations of scientific or scenic interest. They allow indirect uses only, such as scientific study and tourism, but strictly within zones designated for those activities. Peru is home to 9 national sanctuaries.[13]

 Blue – UNESCOBiosphere Reserve
§ Rose – Ramsar site
National Sanctuaries
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[12]
Huayllay National SanctuaryPasco
11°0′1″S76°21′57″W / 11.00028°S 76.36583°W /-11.00028; -76.36583 (Huayllay National Sanctuary)
7 August 19786,815 ha (16,840 acres)72,496
Calipuy National SanctuaryLa Libertad
8°20′56″S78°17′42″W / 8.34889°S 78.29500°W /-8.34889; -78.29500 (Calipuy National Sanctuary)
8 January 19814,500 ha (11,120 acres)426
Lagunas de Mejía National Sanctuary §Arequipa
17°8′49″S71°51′47″W / 17.14694°S 71.86306°W /-17.14694; -71.86306 (Lagunas de Mejía National Sanctuary)
24 February 1984690.60 ha (1,707 acres)6,892
Ampay National SanctuaryApurímac
13°34′44″S72°53′24″W / 13.57889°S 72.89000°W /-13.57889; -72.89000 (Ampay National Sanctuary)
23 July 19873,635.50 ha (8,984 acres)5,503
Manglares de Tumbes National SanctuaryTumbes
3°25′12″S80°16′30″W / 3.42000°S 80.27500°W /-3.42000; -80.27500 (Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary)
2 March 19882,972 ha (7,344 acres)2,199
Megantoni National SanctuaryCusco
12°13′14″S72°21′41″W / 12.22056°S 72.36139°W /-12.22056; -72.36139 (Megantoni National Sanctuary)
17 October 20041,166 ha (2,881 acres)Unknown
Pampa Hermosa National SanctuaryJunín
11°2′12″S75°28′50″W / 11.03667°S 75.48056°W /-11.03667; -75.48056 (Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary)
26 March 200911,543.74 ha (28,525 acres)298
Tabaconas Namballe National Sanctuary §Cajamarca
5°9′25″S79°16′23″W / 5.15694°S 79.27306°W /-5.15694; -79.27306 (Tabaconas Namballe National Sanctuary)
20 May 198832,124.87 ha (79,382 acres)104
Cordillera de Colán National SanctuaryAmazonas
5°35′0″S78°14′0″W / 5.58333°S 78.23333°W /-5.58333; -78.23333 (Cordillera de Colán National Sanctuary)
9 December 200939,215.80 ha (96,904 acres)Unknown

Historic sanctuaries

[edit]
Inca stone ruins of Machu Picchu on a mountain ridge, with surrounding Andean peaks
The Inca ruins ofMachu Picchu, situated on Andean ridges within theMachu Picchu Historic Sanctuary

Historic sanctuaries preserve areas that combine significant natural values witharchaeological or monumentalheritage, or sites where key events innational history took place. Like other indirect‑use categories, they permit research and regulated tourism only in specified sectors. There are 4 historic sanctuaries in Peru.[13]

* Green – UNESCOWorld Heritage Site
 Blue – UNESCOBiosphere Reserve
Historic Sanctuaries
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[14]
Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary *Cusco
9°20′0″S77°24′0″W / 9.33333°S 77.40000°W /-9.33333; -77.40000 (Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary)
8 January 198132,592 ha (80,537 acres)190,246[a]
Chacamarca Historic SanctuaryJunín
11°12′59″S75°58′12″W / 11.21639°S 75.97000°W /-11.21639; -75.97000 (Chacamarca Historic Sanctuary)
7 August 19742,500 ha (6,178 acres)27,492
Pampa de Ayacucho Historic SanctuaryAyacucho
13°2′34″S74°7′51″W / 13.04278°S 74.13083°W /-13.04278; -74.13083 (Pampa de Ayacucho Historic Sanctuary)
14 August 1980300 ha (741 acres)231,725
Bosque de Pómac Historic SanctuaryLambayeque
6°28′25″S79°46′35″W / 6.47361°S 79.77639°W /-6.47361; -79.77639 (Bosque de Pómac Historic Sanctuary)
1 June 20015,887.38 ha (14,548 acres)14,950

Wildlife refuges

[edit]
Several gulls gathered on the water and shoreline of a wetland
Franklin's gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) in the wetlands ofPantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge

Wildlife refuges protect areas of particular ecological importance, often rare habitats or breeding sites, to maintain or restore populations of wild species. They are direct‑use areas where, under management plans, local communities may continue traditional resource uses that support both livelihoods and conservation. Peru contains 3 wildlife refuges.[13]

Wildlife Refuges
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[16]
Laquipampa Wildlife RefugeLambayeque
6°21′0″S79°28′59″W / 6.35000°S 79.48306°W /-6.35000; -79.48306 (Laquipampa Wildlife Refuge)
7 July 20068,328.64 ha (20,581 acres)0
Pantanos de Villa Wildlife RefugeLima
12°12′49″S76°59′20″W / 12.21361°S 76.98889°W /-12.21361; -76.98889 (Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge)
23 June 2006263.27 ha (651 acres)60,608
Bosques Nublados de Udima Wildlife RefugeCajamarca
6°50′41″S79°2′11″W / 6.84472°S 79.03639°W /-6.84472; -79.03639 (Bosques Nublados de Udima Wildlife Refuge)
21 July 200712,183.20 ha (30,105 acres)Unknown

Landscape reserves

[edit]
Panoramic view of an Andean canyon with cliffs and terraced farmland under a clear sky
Panorama ofCotahuasi Subbasin Landscape Reserve, showing rugged Andean topography

Landscape reserves maintain geographic areas where human activity and thenatural environment have coexisted harmoniously, yielding significant natural andcultural values. They allow sustainable traditional resource use by local populations under management plans that ensure both conservation and livelihood needs. Peru currently designates 2 landscape reserves.[13]

Landscape Reserves
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[14]
Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape ReserveLima andJunín
12°2′9″S75°51′42″W / 12.03583°S 75.86167°W /-12.03583; -75.86167 (Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve)
1 May 2001221,268.48 ha (546,766 acres)118,533
Cotahuasi Subbasin Landscape ReserveArequipa
15°3′4″S72°55′12″W / 15.05111°S 72.92000°W /-15.05111; -72.92000 (Cotahuasi Subbasin Landscape Reserve)
23 May 2005490,550 ha (1,212,175 acres)Unknown

Communal reserves

[edit]
View of forested mountains and ridgelines
Montane forest inEl Sira Communal Reserve
Broad river flowing through lush rainforest
Madre de Dios River and rainforest in the buffer zone ofAmarakaeri Communal Reserve

Communal reserves are managed through contracts betweenrural communities and SERNANP to conserve wildlife for the benefit of neighboring populations. Under these agreements and management plans, communities act as co‑administrators and carry out sustainable traditional uses of natural resources. There are 10 communal reserves in Peru.[13]

 Blue – UNESCOBiosphere Reserve
Communal Reserves
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[12]
Yanesha Communal ReservePasco
10°17′56″S75°16′19″W / 10.29889°S 75.27194°W /-10.29889; -75.27194 (Yanesha Communal Reserve)
28 April 198834,746.38 ha (85,860 acres)Unknown
El Sira Communal ReserveHuánuco,Pasco, andUcayali
9°52′26″S74°30′43″W / 9.87389°S 74.51194°W /-9.87389; -74.51194 (El Sira Communal Reserve)
22 June 2001616,413 ha (1,523,190 acres)Unknown
Amarakaeri Communal ReserveMadre de Dios
12°47′0″S70°57′16″W / 12.78333°S 70.95444°W /-12.78333; -70.95444 (Amarakaeri Communal Reserve)
9 May 2002402,335.96 ha (994,194 acres)Unknown
Asháninka Communal ReserveCusco andJunín
11°46′44″S73°27′17″W / 11.77889°S 73.45472°W /-11.77889; -73.45472 (Asháninka Communal Reserve)
14 January 2003184,468.38 ha (455,831 acres)Unknown
Machiguenga Communal ReserveCusco andJunín
11°45′20″S73°34′06″W / 11.75556°S 73.56833°W /-11.75556; -73.56833 (Machiguenga Communal Reserve)
14 January 2003218,905.63 ha (540,928 acres)Unknown
Purús Communal ReserveUcayali
10°11′01″S71°04′17″W / 10.18361°S 71.07139°W /-10.18361; -71.07139 (Purús Communal Reserve)
18 November 2004202,033.21 ha (499,235 acres)Unknown
Tuntanain Communal ReserveAmazonas
4°6′36″S78°3′36″W / 4.11000°S 78.06000°W /-4.11000; -78.06000 (Tuntanain Communal Reserve)
10 August 200794,967.68 ha (234,670 acres)Unknown
Chayu Nain Communal ReserveAmazonas
5°26′26″S78°15′26″W / 5.44056°S 78.25722°W /-5.44056; -78.25722 (Chayu Nain Communal Reserve)
9 December 200923,597.76 ha (58,311 acres)Unknown
Airo Pai Communal ReserveLoreto
0°39′01″S74°54′45″W / 0.65028°S 74.91250°W /-0.65028; -74.91250 (Airo Pai Communal Reserve)
25 October 2012247,887.59 ha (612,544 acres)Unknown
Huimeki Communal ReserveLoreto
0°14′54″S75°03′22″W / 0.24833°S 75.05611°W /-0.24833; -75.05611 (Huimeki Communal Reserve)
25 October 2012141,234.46 ha (348,998 acres)Unknown
Bajo Putumayo Yaguas Communal ReserveLoreto
2°31′11″S70°45′59″W / 2.51972°S 70.76639°W /-2.51972; -70.76639 (Bajo Putumayo Yaguas Communal Reserve)
26 September 2025160,604.41 ha (396,862 acres)Unknown

Protected forests

[edit]
Panoramic view of hillsides densely covered in green forest
Alto Mayo Protection Forest from Abra Patriciamountain pass

Protection forests conserve fragile lands such as upperwatersheds,riverbanks, and othererosion‑prone areas to stabilize soils and safeguard water resources. These are direct‑use areas where sustainable, traditional harvests by local communities are allowed under formal management plans. There are 6 protection forests in Peru.[13]

 Blue – UNESCOBiosphere Reserve
Protected Forests
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[16]
Aledaño Bocatoma del Canal Nuevo Imperial Protection ForestLima
13°02′39″S76°13′07″W / 13.04417°S 76.21861°W /-13.04417; -76.21861 (Aledaño Bocatoma del Canal Nuevo Imperial Protection Forest)
19 May 198018.11 ha (45 acres)Unknown
Puquio Santa Rosa Protection ForestAmazonas
8°35′30″S78°43′10″W / 8.59167°S 78.71944°W /-8.59167; -78.71944 (Puquio Santa Rosa Protection Forest)
2 September 198272.50 ha (179 acres)Unknown
Pui Pui Protection ForestJunín
11°16′03″S75°04′14″W / 11.26750°S 75.07056°W /-11.26750; -75.07056 (Pui Pui Protection Forest)
31 January 198560,000 ha (148,263 acres)Unknown
San Matías–San Carlos Protection ForestAmazonas
10°33′32″S74°59′35″W / 10.55889°S 74.99306°W /-10.55889; -74.99306 (San Matías–San Carlos Protection Forest)
20 March 1987145,818 ha (360,324 acres)Unknown
Pagaibamba Protection ForestCajamarca
6°24′53″S79°04′03″W / 6.41472°S 79.06750°W /-6.41472; -79.06750 (Pagaibamba Protection Forest)
19 June 19872,078.38 ha (5,136 acres)Unknown
Alto Mayo Protection ForestAmazonas
5°38′35″S77°42′0″W / 5.64306°S 77.70000°W /-5.64306; -77.70000 (Alto Mayo Protection Forest)
23 July 1987182,000 ha (449,732 acres)631

Game reserves

[edit]

Game reserves are protected areas set aside for regulatedsport hunting of wild species, governed by detailed management plans. They allow local residents to engage in traditional hunting practices within established quotas and seasons to ensure sustainable use. Peru has 2 game reserves.[17]

 Blue – UNESCOBiosphere Reserve
Game Reserves
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[16]
El Angolo Game ReservePiura
4°18′07″S80°47′47″W / 4.30194°S 80.79639°W /-4.30194; -80.79639 (El Angolo Game Reserve)
1 July 197565,000 ha (160,618 acres)165
Sunchubamba Game ReservePiura
7°31′43″S78°29′06″W / 7.52861°S 78.48500°W /-7.52861; -78.48500 (Sunchubamba Game Reserve)
22 April 197759,735 ha (147,608 acres)Unknown

Reserved zones

[edit]
Snow-covered peaks under a clear sky with hikers in the foreground
Snow-capped peaks of theCordillera Huayhuash Reserved Zone
Satellite view of a southern basin of Lake Titicaca
Satellite view of Lago Menor (part ofLake Titicaca), showing theCerro Khapia Reserved Zone on the left

Reserved zones are areas that meet the basic criteria to be designated as protected natural areas but require further studies to determine their appropriate boundaries, category, and management feasibility. They are considered provisional protections pending full classification within the national system. Peru currently has 8 reserved zones.[17]

Reserved Zones
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]Annual visitors (2024)[16]
Chancaybaños Reserved ZoneCajamarca
6°34′4″S78°55′3″W / 6.56778°S 78.91750°W /-6.56778; -78.91750 (Chancaybaños Reserved Zone)
14 February 19962,628 ha (6,494 acres)Unknown
Santiago-Comaina Reserved ZoneAmazonas andLoreto
4°12′34″S78°02′09″W / 4.20944°S 78.03583°W /-4.20944; -78.03583 (Santiago-Comaina Reserved Zone)
21 January 1999398,449.44 ha (984,590 acres)Unknown
Cordillera Huayhuash Reserved ZoneAncash,Huánuco, andLima
10°22′32″S76°51′24″W / 10.37556°S 76.85667°W /-10.37556; -76.85667 (Cordillera Huayhuash Reserved Zone)
20 December 200267,589.76 ha (167,018 acres)Unknown
Sierra del Divisor Reserved ZoneLoreto
7°11′46″S74°46′38″W / 7.19611°S 74.77722°W /-7.19611; -74.77722 (Sierra del Divisor Reserved Zone)
5 April 200662,234.62 ha (153,785 acres)9,674
Río Nieva Reserved ZoneAmazonas
5°30′30″S77°51′20″W / 5.50833°S 77.85556°W /-5.50833; -77.85556 (Río Nieva Reserved Zone)
1 October 201036,348.30 ha (89,819 acres)Unknown
Bosque de Zárate Reserved ZoneLima
11°55′45″S76°29′21″W / 11.92917°S 76.48917°W /-11.92917; -76.48917 (Bosque de Zárate Reserved Zone)
13 October 2010545.75 ha (1,349 acres)Unknown
Cerro Khapia Reserved ZonePuno
16°22′34″S69°07′25″W / 16.37611°S 69.12361°W /-16.37611; -69.12361 (Cerro Khapia Reserved Zone)
28 May 201118,313.79 ha (45,254 acres)Unknown
Ancón Reserved ZoneLima
11°44′54″S77°11′08″W / 11.74833°S 77.18556°W /-11.74833; -77.18556 (Ancón Reserved Zone)
28 November 20112,193.01 ha (5,419 acres)Unknown

Regional conservation areas

[edit]
Snow‑dusted volcanic cone with rugged slopes under a clear blue sky
Yucamani volcano viewed from the southwest in Vilacota Maure Conservation Area
Steep trail to Choquequirao with snow-capped mountains in the background
Trail departing Cachora village within the Choquequirao Conservation Area, leading to theChoquequirao ruins
Small lagoon surrounded by palm trees and village buildings, nestled among tall sand dunes
Huacachina oasis and lagoon, surrounded by desert dunes in the Huacachina Lagoon Conservation Area

Regional conservation areas are protected natural areas administered by Peru’s regional governments and established by Supreme Decree at their request. As part of the Natural Protected Areas System, they are created on state lands free of exclusive rights and, under an approved management plan, allow sustainable use of resources, particularly by local communities, in accordance with conservation objectives.[18]

Regional Conservation Areas (ACR)
NameLocation (region)Established[3]Area (2025)[3]
Cordillera Escalera Regional Conservation AreaSan Martín22 December 2005149,870 ha (370,337 acres)
Ventanilla Wetlands Regional Conservation AreaCallao6 September 2012275.45 ha (681 acres)
Albúfera del Medio Mundo Regional Conservation AreaLima6 June 2013687.71 ha (1,699 acres)
Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Communal Regional Conservation AreaLoreto15 May 2009420,080.25 ha (1,038,041 acres)
Vilacota Maure Regional Conservation AreaTacna27 August 2009124,313.18 ha (307,185 acres)
Imiria Regional Conservation AreaUcayali15 June 2010135,737.52 ha (335,415 acres)
Choquequirao Regional Conservation AreaCusco23 December 2010103,814.39 ha (256,531 acres)
Puya Raymondi–Titankayocc Forest Regional Conservation AreaAyacucho23 December 20106,272.39 ha (15,499 acres)
Ampiyacu-Apayacu Regional Conservation AreaLoreto18 March 2011434,129.54 ha (1,072,757 acres)
Alto Nanay–Pintuyacu–Chambira Regional Conservation AreaLoreto18 March 2011954,635.48 ha (2,358,956 acres)
Angostura Faical Regional Conservation AreaTumbes18 March 20118,794.50 ha (21,732 acres)
Huacrupe–La Calera Forest Regional Conservation AreaLambayeque22 June 20117,272.27 ha (17,970 acres)
Moyán–Palacio Forest Regional Conservation AreaLambayeque22 June 20118,457.76 ha (20,900 acres)
Huaytapallana Regional Conservation AreaJunín21 July 201122,406.52 ha (55,368 acres)
Dry Forests of Salitral–Huarmaca Regional Conservation AreaPiura21 July 201128,811.86 ha (71,196 acres)
Huacachina Lagoon Regional Conservation AreaIca6 August 20142,407.72 ha (5,950 acres)
Maijuna Kichwa Regional Conservation AreaLoreto16 June 2015391,039.82 ha (966,280 acres)
Tres Cañones Regional Conservation AreaCusco24 August 201739,485.11 ha (97,570 acres)
Vista Alegre–Omia Regional Conservation AreaAmazonas17 June 201848,944.51 ha (120,945 acres)
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests of the Marañón Regional Conservation AreaAmazonas17 June 201813,929.12 ha (34,420 acres)
Shunté and Mishollo Forest Regional Conservation AreaSan Martín15 December 2018191,405.53 ha (472,973 acres)
El Chaupe, Cunía y Chinchiquilla Forest Regional Conservation AreaCajamarca1 October 201921,868.88 ha (54,039 acres)
Lomas de Lima System Regional Conservation AreaLima7 December 201913,475.74 ha (33,299 acres)
Ausangate Regional Conservation AreaCusco12 December 201966,514.17 ha (164,360 acres)
Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation AreaHuánuco1 January 202050,559.21 ha (124,935 acres)
Chuyapi Urusayhua Regional Conservation AreaCusco25 March 202180,190.78 ha (198,156 acres)
High Andean Forests and Páramos of Jaén and Tabaconas Regional Conservation AreaCajamarca6 May 202131,537.23 ha (77,930 acres)
Marañón Dry Forests Regional Conservation AreaCajamarca13 May 202121,794.71 ha (53,856 acres)
Pozuzo Bend Regional Conservation AreaHuánuco24 July 202110,543.95 ha (26,055 acres)
Q’eros-Kosñipata Regional Conservation AreaCusco24 July 202155,319.07 ha (136,696 acres)
Alto Tamaya–Abujao Communal Regional Conservation AreaUcayali24 July 2021150,010.82 ha (370,685 acres)
Amaru–Huachocolpa–Chihuana Cloud Forest Regional Conservation AreaHuancavelica6 November 20215,024.18 ha (12,415 acres)
Inter-Andean Dry Forests of Cutervo Regional Conservation AreaCajamarca17 May 202518,410.94 ha (45,494 acres)
Putumayo–Algodón Regional Conservation AreaLoreto6 June 2025283,594.76 ha (700,778 acres)
Velo de la Novia Regional Conservation AreaUcayali20 June 202514,399.96 ha (35,583 acres)
San Pedro de Chonta Conservation AreaHuánuco12 August 202551,888.92 ha (128,220 acres)

Private conservation areas

[edit]
A tall Lupuna tree rising above the dense Amazonian rainforest
Kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) in thePanguana Conservation Area
High Andean pass with rugged mountain ridges under a clear blue sky
View from the Abra Málaga Thastayoc Royal Cinclodes Conservation Area, withVeronica mountain in the background
Dense Amazonian forest canopy with a winding river cutting through the greenery
Aerial view of dense Amazonian forest within the Campo Verde Conservation Area

Private conservation areas are voluntary commitments by individual or collective landowners, such as titled native communities or private entities, to dedicate part or all of their property to biodiversity conservation. Recognized by ministerial resolution of the Ministry of the Environment, private conservation areas bolster the System’s coverage by protecting sites of high ecological or scenic value, supporting ecosystem services, scientific research, environmental education and specialized tourism under a long-term conservation framework.[19]

Private Conservation Areas (ACP)
NameLocation (region)Established[20]Area (2025)[20]
ChaparriLambayeque andCajamarca19 December 200134,412 ha (85,034 acres)
Bosque Natural El CañoncilloLa Libertad16 September 20041,310.90 ha (3,239 acres)
PacllónÁncash13 December 200512,896.56 ha (31,868 acres)
HuayllapaLima13 December 200521,106.57 ha (52,155 acres)
HuiquillaAmazonas30 November 20061,140.54 ha (2,818 acres)
San AntonioAmazonas9 March 2007357.39 ha (883 acres)
JirishancaHuánuco24 April 200712,172.91 ha (30,080 acres)
Abra Patricia – Alto NievaAmazonas16 October 20071,415.74 ha (3,498 acres)
Abra Málaga Thastayoc – Royal CinclodesCusco16 January 200970.64 ha (175 acres)
Hatun Queuña – Quishuarani CcollanaCusco16 January 2009234.88 ha (580 acres)
Tambo IlusiónSan Martín6 May 201014.29 ha (35 acres)
TilacanchaAmazonas6 July 20106,800.48 ha (16,804 acres)
Refugio K'erenda HometMadre de Dios6 September 201035.40 ha (87 acres)
Bosque Seco AmotapeTumbes1 December 2010123.30 ha (305 acres)
Hierba Buena – AllpayacuAmazonas7 June 20112,282.12 ha (5,639 acres)
San MarcosHuánuco16 June 2011985.99 ha (2,436 acres)
CopallínAmazonas24 June 201111,549.21 ha (28,539 acres)
Lomas deAtiquipaArequipa26 July 201119,028.02 ha (47,019 acres)
Huaylla Belén – ColcamarAmazonas26 July 20116,338.42 ha (15,663 acres)
La Huerta del ChaparríLambayeque11 November 2011100 ha (247 acres)
Pillco Grande – Bosque de PumatakiCusco22 December 2011271.62 ha (671 acres)
PanguanaHuánuco22 December 2011135.60 ha (335 acres)
Japu – Bosque Ukumari LlaqtaCusco22 December 201118,695.75 ha (46,198 acres)
CheccaPuno11 June 2012560 ha (1,384 acres)
Bosque de Palmeras de la Comunidad Campesina Taulia MolinopampaAmazonas20 September 201210,920.84 ha (26,986 acres)
Gotas de Agua IICajamarca28 September 20127.50 ha (19 acres)
Los ChilchosAmazonas21 November 201246,000 ha (113,668 acres)
Camino Verde BaltimoreMadre de Dios28 December 201221.07 ha (52 acres)
Larga Vista ISan Martín21 January 201322.32 ha (55 acres)
PucunuchoSan Martín15 February 201323.50 ha (58 acres)
Bosque BerlínAmazonas4 March 201359 ha (146 acres)
Bosques de Neblina y Páramos de SamangaPiura18 April 20132,888.03 ha (7,136 acres)
Selva VirgenLoreto11 July 201324.51 ha (61 acres)
La Pampa del BurroAmazonas16 July 20132,776.96 ha (6,862 acres)
Las Panguanas 3Loreto9 December 20136.87 ha (17 acres)
Las Panguanas 4Loreto9 December 20135.12 ha (13 acres)
Las Panguanas 2Loreto27 December 20130.62 ha (2 acres)
Paraíso Natural IwiratiLoreto14 January 2014100 ha (247 acres)
Amazon ShelterMadre de Dios14 April 20149.59 ha (24 acres)
Espíritu del MonteMadre de Dios26 May 201440 ha (99 acres)
Las Panguanas 1Loreto23 June 20141.91 ha (5 acres)
Kakiri UkaLoreto25 July 201412.14 ha (30 acres)
Cavernas de LeoAmazonas15 September 201412.50 ha (31 acres)
Lagunas y Páramos de Andinos de San José de TapalPiura31 March 2015908 ha (2,244 acres)
Llamapampa – La JalcaAmazonas17 April 201526,216.10 ha (64,781 acres)
Wacan NumiLoreto24 April 201512.80 ha (32 acres)
Bosque de Nogal y Bosque de PuentecillaPiura26 May 2015449.26 ha (1,110 acres)
Bosques de Cuyas CuchayoPiura8 June 2015102.65 ha (254 acres)
Ronsoco CochaSan Martín8 June 2015363.683 ha (899 acres)
Siete Cataratas – Qanchis PacchaCusco21 August 20151,008.51 ha (2,492 acres)
San LuisCusco1 December 20151,144 ha (2,827 acres)
El CortijoLoreto30 December 201522.35 ha (55 acres)
San Pedro de ChuquibambaAmazonas30 December 201519,560 ha (48,334 acres)
BotafogoMadre de Dios22 January 201616.8744 ha (42 acres)
AuroraLoreto9 February 201638.9617 ha (96 acres)
Mangamanguilla de la Asociación Agraria Manga Manga de SalitralPiura2 March 20161,738.23 ha (4,295 acres)
Los Bosques de Dotor, Hualtacal, Pueblo Libre, La Jardina y Chorro BlancoPiura4 April 20169,944.73 ha (24,574 acres)
Bosque Seco de la Comunidad Campesina Cesar Vallejo de Palo BlancoPiura27 April 2016200 ha (494 acres)
Bosques Montanos y Páramos Chicuate – ChinguelasPiura4 June 201627,107.45 ha (66,984 acres)
PalmonteSan Martín21 June 201614.3082 ha (35 acres)
SabalilloLoreto21 June 201622.6864 ha (56 acres)
Santuario de La VerónicaCusco8 July 201620.7930 ha (51 acres)
Fundo RositaLoreto13 July 2016244.9250 ha (605 acres)
Machusaniaca IICusco21 July 201612.9836 ha (32 acres)
Lomas del Cerro CampanaLa Libertad26 July 20164,564.98 ha (11,280 acres)
Machusaniaca ICusco26 July 201622.0048 ha (54 acres)
Bosques Montanos y Páramos de HuaricanchaPiura26 July 20165,915.35 ha (14,617 acres)
Yacila de ZambaPiura26 July 20161,000 ha (2,471 acres)
Bosque Seco de Chililique AltoPiura26 July 2016200 ha (494 acres)
Bosque de Neblina Aypate – OllerosPiura27 July 2016243.50 ha (602 acres)
Fundo CadenaCusco27 July 201644.7374 ha (111 acres)
Los Bosques de Overal y Palo BlancoPiura27 July 20163,522.32 ha (8,704 acres)
Ebio KiabameneMadre de Dios27 July 20161,924.6752 ha (4,756 acres)
Tambopata Eco LodgeMadre de Dios20 October 20161,065.7047 ha (2,633 acres)
Fundo Las NeblinasPasco20 October 201630.3620 ha (75 acres)
Sumac QuillaLoreto2 November 201636.2200 ha (90 acres)
Lakshmi AmazónicaLoreto2 November 201656.660564 ha (140 acres)
Sumac PachaLoreto2 November 201630 ha (74 acres)
Sumac IntiLoreto8 November 201627.20 ha (67 acres)
WayqechaCusco22 November 2016593.8534 ha (1,467 acres)
Chakra EducativaLoreto9 December 20169.33675 ha (23 acres)
Bahuaja 1Madre de Dios5 January 2017132.0384 ha (326 acres)
Bosque Seco de Colina Juan Velasco AlvaradoPiura15 February 20172,412.45 ha (5,961 acres)
Santa Catalina de MozaPiura15 February 20171,842.04 ha (4,552 acres)
ZaragozaPasco12 May 201772.0491 ha (178 acres)
MatoriatoCusco12 May 20171,737.50 ha (4,293 acres)
Páramos y Bosques Montanos de la Comunidad Campesina San Juan de SalliqueCajamarca23 August 20173,547.19 ha (8,765 acres)
Zoo PerúLoreto15 September 201780.6250 ha (199 acres)
Bosque Seco San Juan de los GuayaquilesPiura15 September 2017304.84 ha (753 acres)
Bosque de ChurumazúPasco2 November 201714.0798 ha (35 acres)
Darshan AshramLoreto7 November 201723.3980 ha (58 acres)
Las NaranjasSan Martín18 April 201830 ha (74 acres)
Bioparque Amazónico: Bosque de HuayoLoreto24 July 201810.758995 ha (27 acres)
Comunal CujilloCajamarca24 August 20183,740.28 ha (9,242 acres)
Refugio LupunaMadre de Dios24 October 201841.9469 ha (104 acres)
El Cortijo Centro PiedrasMadre de Dios11 December 201868.7276 ha (170 acres)
Páramos y Bosques Montanos San Miguel de TabaconasCajamarca11 December 201817,555.95 ha (43,382 acres)
Naturaleza Viva RyoMadre de Dios16 December 201826.30 ha (65 acres)
MashekeMadre de Dios7 February 2019366.43 ha (905 acres)
Páramos y Bosques Montanos, Paraíso de la Comunidad Campesina San FelipeCajamarca12 February 20191,957.75 ha (4,838 acres)
Knoya – SupruMadre de Dios15 February 20192,550.08 ha (6,301 acres)
Comunal San Pablo–Catarata GoctaAmazonas29 April 20192,603.5732 ha (6,434 acres)
Arroyo NegroAmazonas1 May 2019156.42 ha (387 acres)
Hakim & CumorahLoreto5 May 201961.7309 ha (153 acres)
Comunidad Nativa Tibi Playa I Zona Río UcayaliLoreto11 November 20191,122.4700 ha (2,774 acres)
Zoo Perú 1Loreto2 December 201980.6250 ha (199 acres)
Kuntur WachanaCusco16 January 20201,289.13 ha (3,186 acres)
PumahuasiCusco16 January 2020861.01 ha (2,128 acres)
Fundo San Isidro El LabradorLoreto20 January 202023.3570 ha (58 acres)
Buen RetiroLoreto3 February 202067.4310 ha (167 acres)
Bosque CachilCajamarca7 February 2020210.40 ha (520 acres)
La Niebla ForestJunín26 February 202070.28 ha (174 acres)
Comunidad Nativa San Jorge del Río MarañónLoreto23 August 20201,060.86 ha (2,621 acres)
UnchogHuánuco23 November 2020885.28 ha (2,188 acres)
Bosque UrumLambayeque18 February 2021705.9514 ha (1,744 acres)
Potsom Posho´IIPasco31 March 202120.30 ha (50 acres)
Lomas de Quebrada Río SecoLima9 July 2021787.82 ha (1,947 acres)
Ni MerayaLoreto22 September 202113.18 ha (33 acres)
Paraje Capiro LlayllaJunín25 September 2021350.180975 ha (865 acres)
Comunidad Nativa Once de Agosto Río UcayaliLoreto30 September 20211,100.017096 ha (2,718 acres)
San LorenzoAmazonas17 October 2021191.14 ha (472 acres)
Nihii Eupa FranciscoMadre de Dios31 December 20212,103.75 ha (5,198 acres)
Predio Collpapampa (Huadquiña-Mesada Chico)Cusco31 December 202143 ha (106 acres)
Los AmigosMadre de Dios31 December 2021140.3457 ha (347 acres)
MisquiyacoCusco31 December 20211,797.91 ha (4,443 acres)
Tambopata Eco Lodge IMadre de Dios31 December 2021184.8147 ha (457 acres)
JuningueSan Martín29 January 202265.56 ha (162 acres)
El Bosque Encantado de Sho'lletPasco29 May 202220.8773 ha (52 acres)
Suttoc y PacchacCusco24 June 20221,808.75 ha (4,470 acres)
Fundo Miguel IUcayali13 August 20226.6641 ha (16 acres)
Campo VerdeUcayali29 September 20228,049.872 ha (19,892 acres)
Pablito IIUcayali18 October 202212.5246 ha (31 acres)
Yasgolca–Santa Lucia, MontevideoAmazonas22 February 20234,725.69 ha (11,677 acres)
PampacorralCusco22 February 2023767.56 ha (1,897 acres)
UtcoCajamarca22 February 20233,060.36 ha (7,562 acres)
San Juan BautistaMadre de Dios6 September 202372.2044 ha (178 acres)
TotorabambaAyacucho25 October 2023412.49 ha (1,019 acres)
Huella VerdeLoreto22 June 20249.83422 ha (24 acres)
Bosque Nublado MirafloresPasco27 September 20245.70 ha (14 acres)
Don AarónMadre de Dios8 February 2025169.0756 ha (418 acres)
Comunidad Nativa Nueva UniónLoreto27 February 20251,352.092039 ha (3,341 acres)
Don AbrahamMadre de Dios13 June 2025473.601700 ha (1,170 acres)
Lluvias EternasPasco28 June 202513.8029 ha (34 acres)
Comunidad Nativa Nueva YorkLoreto2 July 20253,421.0196 ha (8,454 acres)
AusangateCusco6 August 202512,847.17 ha (31,746 acres)
Palmas del Shanusi IILoreto3 October 2025988.210889 ha (2,442 acres)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Figures from theNational Service of Natural Protected Areas. These do not include visitors to the citadel, which is administered by theMinistry of Culture and receives about 1.5 million visitors annually.[15]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Mittermeier, Goettsch Mittermeier & Robles Gil 1997.
  2. ^El Peruano 1997, p. 150721.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxSERNANP 2025a.
  4. ^UNEP-WCMC."Protected Area Profile for Peru from the World Database on Protected Areas".Protected Planet.Archived from the original on 17 March 2025. Retrieved31 July 2025.
  5. ^"Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado" [National System of State‑Protected Natural Areas].Peruvian State Digital Platform (in Spanish).National Service of Natural Protected Areas. 3 June 2021.Archived from the original on 9 July 2025. Retrieved30 July 2025.
  6. ^El Peruano 2019, pp. 3–4.
  7. ^SERNANP 2009, pp. 33–34.
  8. ^SERNANP 2025c, pp. 52–53.
  9. ^Kutuzov et al. 2025, p. 2.
  10. ^"Parque Nacional Huascarán" [Huascarán National Park].National Service of Natural Protected Areas (in Spanish).Archived from the original on 21 May 2025. Retrieved6 August 2025.
  11. ^El Peruano 2001, pp. 205120–205121.
  12. ^abcdSERNANP 2024, pp. 103–104.
  13. ^abcdefgEl Peruano 2001, p. 205121.
  14. ^abSERNANP 2024, p. 103.
  15. ^MINCETUR 2025, Table No. 61.
  16. ^abcdSERNANP 2024, p. 104.
  17. ^abEl Peruano 2001, p. 205122.
  18. ^SERNANP 2025c, p. 59.
  19. ^SERNANP 2025c, p. 60.
  20. ^abSERNANP 2025b.

Bibliography

[edit]

External links

[edit]
National Parks
National Sanctuaries
Historic Sanctuaries
National Reserves
Wildlife Refuges
Landscape Reserves
Communal Reserves
National Forests
Protection Forests
Game Reserves
Reserved Zones
Regional Conservation Areas
Private Conservation Areas
Protected areas of South America
Sovereign states
Dependencies and
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Peru-related lists
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