Thepresident of Indonesia is thehead of state and alsohead of government of theRepublic of Indonesia. The president leads theexecutive branch of theIndonesian government and is thesupreme commander of theIndonesian National Armed Forces. Since2004, the President andVice-President aredirectly elected to a five-year term. The presidency was established during the formulation of the1945 constitution by theInvestigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), a body established by the occupyingJapanese16th Army on 1 March 1945 to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java."[1] On 18 August 1945, thePreparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), which was created on 7 August to replace the BPUPK, selectedSukarno as the country's first president.
Note:— denotes acting president |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Lifespan) | Term of office | Party | Vice president | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Election | Time in office | ||||||
| 1 | .jpg) | Sukarno (1901–1970) | 18 August 1945 | 18 May 1963 | 1945 | 21 years, 206 days | Independent | 1 | Mohammad Hatta |
| Vacant (1 December 1956 –12 March 1967) | |||||||||
| 18 May 1963 | 12 March 1967 | 1963 | |||||||
| Declared Indonesia's independence from colonial powers. Presided during theIndonesian National Revolution and thefirst national elections. One of the founding fathers of theNon-Aligned Movement and hosted the 1955Bandung Conference. Called for 'Guided Democracy' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, withNasakom as its principal ideology.Acceded Western New Guinea. Opposed the formation ofMalaysia and initiatedKonfrontasi. SignedSupersemar in 1966 following theassassination of 6 generals. | |||||||||
| — |  | Suharto (1921–2008) | 12 March 1967 | 27 March 1968 | — | 1 year, 15 days | Military | Vacant | |
| Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known asSupersemar and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by theMPRS until 12 March 1967. On 12 March 1967, the MPRS agreed to withdraw its mandate from Sukarno and remove him as president. Suharto replaced Sukarno as acting president until 27 March 1968, when he was formally elected as the second president of Indonesia. | |||||||||
| 2 | 27 March 1968 | 23 March 1973 | 1968 | 30 years, 55 days | Golkar (supported by the military) | Vacant | |||
| 23 March 1973 | 23 March 1978 | 1973 | 2 | Hamengkubuwono IX | |||||
| 23 March 1978 | 11 March 1983 | 1978 | 3 | Adam Malik | |||||
| 11 March 1983 | 11 March 1988 | 1983 | 4 | Umar Wirahadikusumah | |||||
| 11 March 1988 | 11 March 1993 | 1988 | 5 | Sudharmono | |||||
| 11 March 1993 | 11 March 1998 | 1993 | 6 | Try Sutrisno | |||||
| 11 March 1998 | 21 May 1998 | 1998 | 7 | B. J. Habibie | |||||
| First president from a military background. The longest-serving president with an over-30-year tenure. Seized power from Sukarno throughSupersemar in 1966. Declared aNew Order military dictatorship. Dismantled theCommunist Party of Indonesia and oversaw themass murder and imprisonment of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. EndedKonfrontasi and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries ofMalaysia andSingapore, and Indonesia became a founding member of theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations and theAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Severed ties withChina and other communist countries in the region.Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia.Annexed East Timor. Oversaw greateconomic and infrastructural development butrampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government.Resigned following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the1997 financial crisis and the1998 riots. | |||||||||
| 3 |  | B. J. Habibie (1936–2019) | 21 May 1998 | 20 October 1999 | — | 1 year, 152 days | Golkar | Vacant | |
| First, and to date the only, president (aside from acting presidents) who was born outside ofJava. First vice president to become president. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia'sdemocratic transition.East Timor declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term. | |||||||||
| 4 |  | Abdurrahman Wahid (1940–2009) | 20 October 1999 | 23 July 2001 | 1999 | 1 year, 276 days | PKB | Vacant (20–21 October 1999) | |
| 8 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | ||||||||
| First executive branch officer (president and vice president) to have come from a religious background. Head ofNahdlatul Ulama and grandson ofits founder. Term embroiled by anumber of scandals and corruption cases. Abolished all remaininglegal discrimination againstChinese Indonesians. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted todissolve parliament, but was himselfimpeached and removed from office by parliament. | |||||||||
| 5 |  | Megawati Sukarnoputri (born 1947) | 23 July 2001 | 20 October 2004 | — | 3 years, 89 days | PDI-P | Vacant (23–26 July 2001) | |
| 9 | Hamzah Haz | ||||||||
| First female president of Indonesia and the first to be born after theproclamation of independence in 1945. Oldest daughter and second child of President Sukarno, first president born to another president. First female vice president and the first vice president to be born after 1945. Came to power following the removal of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by amajor bombing in 2002 byJemaah Islamiyah. Lostreelection bid to her former coordinating minister and in a laterrematch. | |||||||||
| 6 | .jpg) | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 1949) | 20 October 2004 | 20 October 2009 | 2004 | 10 years | Demokrat | 10 | Jusuf Kalla |
| 20 October 2009 | 20 October 2014 | 2009 | 11 | Boediono | |||||
| The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. Second president from a military background. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Jemaah Islamiyah was severely weakened following efforts byDetachment 88. Indonesia was classified as part ofMINT and became a member of theG20 during his presidency. First elected president to serve a full term, and the first to complete two terms. Elected to a second term in2009. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of theOpen Government Partnership. He presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, theDemocratic Party was embroiled by many corruption scandals. | |||||||||
| 7 |  | Joko Widodo (born 1961) | 20 October 2014 | 20 October 2019 | 2014 | 10 years | PDI-P | 12 (10) | Jusuf Kalla |
| 20 October 2019 | 20 October 2024 | 2019 | 13 | Ma'ruf Amin | |||||
| The first president not to have emerged from the country's political elite or to have been an army general.[2] First president to have been a regional politician (mayor for about seven years, governor for nearly two years) and the first to be born after therecognition of independence in December 1949. Elected to a second term in2019. Initiated the process to move the capital of Indonesia fromJakarta toNusantara. | |||||||||
| 8 |  | Prabowo Subianto (born 1951) | 20 October 2024 | Incumbent | 2024 | 1 year, 35 days | Gerindra | 14 | Gibran Rakabuming Raka |
| Retired general and former commander of theSpecial Forces Command (Kopassus) andArmy Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad). Lost twice against his predecessor in2014 and2019 but was appointed asminister of defense in 2019. His 96.2 million votes are thehighest received by any candidate in a democratic election in Indonesia, surpassing Joko Widodo's 85.6 million votes in 2019. First president to have a younger predecessor. The oldest president to be sworn in for the first term (aged 73). Third president from a military background. | |||||||||
| # | President | Born | Age at start of presidency | Age at end of presidency | Post-presidency timespan | Lifespan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died | Age | ||||||
| 1 | Sukarno | 6 June 1901 | 44 years, 73 days 18 August 1945 | 65 years, 279 days 12 March 1967[a] | 3 years, 101 days | 21 June 1970 | 69 years, 15 days |
| 2 | Suharto | 8 June 1921 | 45 years, 277 days 12 March 1967 | 76 years, 347 days 21 May 1998[b] | 9 years, 251 days | 27 January 2008 | 86 years, 233 days |
| 3 | B. J. Habibie | 25 June 1936 | 61 years, 330 days 21 May 1998 | 63 years, 117 days 20 October 1999 | 19 years, 326 days | 11 September 2019 | 83 years, 78 days |
| 4 | Abdurrahman Wahid | 7 September 1940 | 59 years, 43 days 20 October 1999 | 60 years, 319 days 23 July 2001[a] | 8 years, 160 days | 30 December 2009 | 69 years, 114 days |
| 5 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 23 January 1947 | 54 years, 181 days 23 July 2001 | 57 years, 271 days 20 October 2004 | 21 years, 35 days | 2025-11-24(living) | 78 years, 305 days |
| 6 | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | 9 September 1949 | 55 years, 41 days 20 October 2004 | 65 years, 41 days 20 October 2014 | 11 years, 35 days | 2025-11-24(living) | 76 years, 76 days |
| 7 | Joko Widodo | 21 June 1961 | 53 years, 121 days 20 October 2014 | 63 years, 121 days 20 October 2024 | 1 year, 35 days | 2025-11-24(living) | 64 years, 156 days |
| 8 | Prabowo Subianto | 17 October 1951 | 73 years, 3 days 20 October 2024 | (incumbent) | (incumbent) | 2025-11-24(living) | 74 years, 38 days |
| Rank | President | Length in days | Order of presidency | Number of terms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suharto | 11,393[a] | 2nd • 12 March 1967 – 21 May 1998[b] | Six full terms; resigned 2 months and 11 days into seventh term |
| 2 | Sukarno | 7,876[c] | 1st • 18 August 1945 – 12 March 1967[d][3] | De jure: Four full terms; removed 1 year, 6 months, and 22 days into fifth term De facto: Never faced reelection, declaredpresident for life by theProvisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) on 18 May 1963 |
| 3 | Joko Widodo | 3,653[e] | 7th • 20 October 2014 – 20 October 2024 | Two full terms |
| 4 | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | 3,652 | 6th • 20 October 2004 – 20 October 2014 | Two full terms |
| 5 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 1,185 | 5th • 23 July 2001[f] – 20 October 2004 | One partial term (3 years, 2 months, and 27 days)[g] |
| 6 | Abdurrahman Wahid | 642 | 4th • 20 October 1999 – 23 July 2001[d] | One partial term (1 year, 9 months, and 3 days) |
| 7 | B. J. Habibie | 517 | 3rd • 21 May 1998[f] – 20 October 1999 | One partial term (1 year, 4 months, and 29 days)[h] |
| 8 | Prabowo Subianto | 400[i] | 8th • 20 October 2024 –Incumbent | Currently serving first term |
| Acting | Assaat | 231 | 27 December 1949[j] – 15 August 1950 | State-level president[k] for 7 months and 19 days |
| Acting | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara | 203 | 22 December 1948[j] – 13 July 1949 | Acting president[l] for 6 months and 21 days |
