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List of potentially habitable exoplanets

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This article is one of a series on:
Life in the universe
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Planetary habitability in the Solar System
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Habitability of...

The following list includes potentially habitable exoplanets. It is mostly based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable Worlds Catalog (HWC), and data from theNASA Exoplanet Archive. The HWC is maintained by thePlanetary Habitability Laboratory at theUniversity of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.[1]

Surfaceplanetary habitability is thought to require an orbit at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface water to be present, in addition to variousgeophysical andgeodynamical aspects,atmospheric density, radiation type and intensity, and the host star'splasma environment.[2]

Main list

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

This is a list of confirmedexoplanets within thecircumstellar habitable zone that are either under 10 Earth masses or smaller than 2.5 Earth radii and thus have a chance of beingrocky.[1][3] Note that inclusion on this list does not guarantee habitability, and in particular the larger planets are less likely to have a rocky composition and more likely to bemini-Neptunes.[4] Earth is included for both comparison and reference, while Venus and Mars are included for reference only.

Note that mass and radius values prefixed with "~" have not been measured, but are predicted from a mass–radius relationship.

ObjectStarStar typeMass (M⊕)Radius (R⊕)Density (g/cm3)Flux (F⊕)Teq (K)Period (days)Distance (ly)Refs/notes
Earth
(reported for reference)		SunG2V1.001.005.5141.00255365.250Only planet confirmed to support life
Venus
(reported for reference)		SunG2V0.8150.9505.2431.911244.261224.700.0000042[5]
Mars
(reported for reference)		SunG2V0.1070.5333.9340.431209.8686.980.0000058–0.000042[6]
55 Cancri Bc55 Cancri BM4V≥5.3——0.320033.740.9[7]
Gliese 12 bGliese 12M4V0.71 or0.95[8][9]0.904+0.037
−0.034[9]		5.3 or7.11.6±0.231512.739.7Near inner edge of HZ, might resemble Venus[10]
Gliese 163 cGliese 163M3V≥6.80——1.2527725.649[1]
Gliese 180 dGliese 180M2V≥7.56——0.26—106.339[1]
Gliese 251 cGliese 251M3V≥3.84————53.618.2[11]
Gliese 357 dGliese 357M2V≥6.10——0.3820055.731
Gliese 433 dGliese 433M2V≥5.22——1.06—36.129.6[1]
Gliese 514 bGliese 514M1V≥5.20——0.28+0.51
−0.166		202140.425Highlyeccentric[12]
Gliese 555 bGliese 555M4V≥5.46——0.5214[13]36.220.4[14]
Gliese 625 bGliese 625M2V≥2.82———14.62821.1Likely too hot[15][16][17]
Gliese 667 CcGliese 667 CM1V≥3.81~1.54—0.8827728.123.62[18][1]
GJ 1002 bGJ 1002M5V≥1.08~1.03—0.6723110.315.8[19]
GJ 1002 cGJ 1002M5V≥1.361.1—0.2618221.215.8[19][20]
GJ 1061 cGJ 1061M5V1.81+0.13
−0.11[21]		~1.18—1.452756.712[22]
GJ 1061 dGJ 1061M5V1.67+0.17
−0.16[21]		~1.16—0.6921813.012[23]
GJ 3293 dGJ 3293M2V≥7.60——0.5922348.166[1]
GJ 3998 dGJ 3998M1V≥6.07———41.858[24]
HD 20794 dHD 20794G8V≥5.82————647.619.7Highly eccentric orbit[25][26]
HD 216520 cHD 216520K0V≥9.44——1.28—154.464[1]
HIP 38594 bHIP 38594M0V≥8.10——1.34—60.758[1]
K2-72eK2-72M2V~2.211.29—1.3026124.2217[27]
K2-155dK2-155K?V4.271.64——28940.6290
K2-288BbK2-288 BM3V4.271.91—0.4420731.4214[28]
K2-332bK2-332M3.5V—2.20—1.17—17.7402[1]
Kepler-22bKepler-22G5V~9.1 or ~352.38—1.10261289.9635[1][29]
Kepler-62eKepler-62K2V4.5+14.2
−2.6		1.61—1.15264122.4981[1][30]
Kepler-62fKepler-62K2V2.8±0.41.41—0.41204267.3981[1][31]
Kepler-155cKepler-155M0V—2.24—1.05—52.7957[1]
Kepler-174dKepler-174K3V—2.19—0.59206247.41,254[1]
Kepler-186fKepler-186M1V1.44+2.33
−1.12		1.17—0.29188129.9579[1]
Kepler-283cKepler-283K5V—1.82—0.8924892.71,526[1]
Kepler-296eKepler-296K7V2.961.52—1.4127634.1737[1][32][33]
Kepler-296fKepler-296K7V—1.80—0.4422563.3737[1][34]
Kepler-440bKepler-440K6V—1.91—1.44273101.1981[1]
Kepler-442bKepler-442K5V2.36+5.9
−1.3		1.35—0.70233112.31,193[1]
Kepler-443bKepler-443K3V—2.35—0.89247177.72,615[1]
Kepler-705bKepler-705M?V—2.11—0.7724356.1903
Kepler-725 cKepler-725G9V9.7———207.52,526
Kepler-1229bKepler-1229M?V2.5401.40—0.3221386.8865[1]
Kepler-1410bKepler-1410K?V—1.78—1.0727460.91196
Kepler-1455bKepler-1455K?V—2.10—1.3049.31280[35]
Kepler-1540bKepler-1540K?V—2.49—0.78250125.4799
Kepler-1544 bKepler-1544K2V—1.78—0.84248168.81092[1]
Kepler-1606bKepler-1606G7V—2.07—1.64277196.42710[36]
Kepler-1649cKepler-1649M5V1.201.06—0.7523719.5301[37]
Kepler-1652bKepler-1652M?V—1.60—0.8424438.1822
Kepler-1653 bKepler-1653K?V—2.17—1.04258140.32461[1]
Kepler-1701bKepler-1701K?V—2.22—1.42275169.11904[1][38]
LHS 1140 bLHS 1140M4V5.601.735.9±0.30.4322624.749Likely anocean world with an atmosphere[39]
LP 890-9 cLP 890-9M6V—1.37—0.912728.46105[40]
Luyten bLuyten's StarM3V≥2.89~1.35—1.0625818.6512.3[41]
Proxima Centauri bProxima CentauriM5V≥1.07[42]: 16 1.17±0.23—0.7022811.1864.25Affected by stellar flare, possibly affected by high radiation flux[43]
Ross 128 bRoss 128M4V≥1.40~1.80—1.482809.8711.0[44]
Ross 508 bRoss 508M4V≥4.00——1.32—10.837[45]
Struve 2398 BcStruve 2398M4V≥3.4——37.911.5[46]
Teegarden's Star bTeegarden's StarM7V≥1.05~1.02—1.152644.9112.5[47][48]
Teegarden's Star cTeegarden's StarM7V≥1.11~1.04—0.3719911.412.5[47]
L 98-59 fL 98-59M3V≥2.97——>128923.0734.6[49][50]
TOI-700 dTOI-700M2V~1.721.14—0.8724637.4101
TOI-700 eTOI-700M2V0.820.95—1.27[51]27327.8101[52]
TOI-715 bTOI-715M4V3.021.55—0.6723419.29137[53][54]
TOI-2094 AbTOI-2094M3V1.90—0.9818.8164[55]
TOI-2257 bTOI-2257M3V5.712+4.288
−2.311		2.20—0.57+1.68
−0.31		256+61
−17		35.2188Highlyeccentric[1][56]
TOI-2285 bTOI-2285M4V4.11.75——28427137Likely too hot[57][58][59]
TOI-7166 bTOI-7166M4V2.01—1.0724912.9115[60]
TRAPPIST-1eTRAPPIST-1M8V0.690.925.650.652306.141Confirmed to be rocky. Possibly has an atmosphere.[61][62][63]
TRAPPIST-1fTRAPPIST-1M8V1.041.043.3 ± 0.90.372009.241Confirmed to be rocky[61][62]
TRAPPIST-1gTRAPPIST-1M8V1.321.134.1860.2518212.441Confirmed to be rocky[61][62]
Wolf 1069 bWolf 1069M5V≥1.26~1.08—0.6525015.631.2[64]
Wolf 1061cWolf 1061M3V≥3.41~1.60—1.3027117.913.8[1]

Current candidates

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.
See also:List of Kepler exoplanet candidates in the habitable zone andSuperhabitable world

This is a list of notable exoplanets within thecircumstellar habitable zone that are either under 10 Earth masses or smaller than 2.5 Earth radii and havenot yet been confirmed. Earth is included for both comparison and reference, while Venus and Mars are included for reference only.

ObjectStarStar typeMass (M⊕)Radius (R⊕)Density (g/cm3)Flux (F⊕)Teq (K)Period (days)Distance (ly)Refs/notes
Earth
(reported for reference)		SunG2V1.001.005.5141.00255365.250Only planet confirmed to support life
Venus
(reported for reference)		SunG2V0.8150.9505.2431.911244.261224.700.0000042[5]
Mars
(reported for reference)		SunG2V0.1070.5333.9340.431209.8686.980.0000058–0.000042[6]
Gliese 180 cGliese 180M2V≥6.40——0.7823924.339[1][65]
HD 40307 gHD 40307K2V≥7.09——0.67226197.842[1][66]
HD 137010 bHD 137010K3V1.06—0.29355146[67]
Kepler-452bKepler-452G2V~51.63—1.11261384.81799[1][68][69][70][71]
KOI-4878.01KOI-4878F8V~1.9+1.1
−0.5		1.05—1.04+1.1
−0.34		257449.01,075[72][73]
KOI-5715.01KOI-5715K3V—1.932601902,964[74]
Lacaille 9352 dLacaille 9352M0V≥8.3——50.710.7[75]
LTT 1445 AdLTT 1445AM2V≥2.72———24.322.4[76]
Tau Ceti fTau CetiG8V≥3.93——0.2719064211.9Has been only in HZ for less than 1Gya[77][78][79]
TOI-715.02TOI-715M4V1.066±0.0920.48+0.12
−0.17		25.6137[53]
WD 1054–226 bWD 1054–226DAZ~1——1.04118[80]The surface temperature might be high enough for habitability[81]

Previous candidates

Some habitable exoplanets detected byradial velocity were considered as stellar artifacts by some studies. These includeGliese 581 d andg,[82][83][84]Gliese 667 Ce and f,[18][85]Gliese 682 b and c,[65]Kapteyn b,[86][87]Gliese 229 Ac,[88]HD 85512 b andGliese 832 c.[89]

Several other planets, such asGliese 180 b, also appear to be examples of planets once considered potentially habitable but later found to be interior to the habitable zone.[1] Similarly,Tau Ceti e[a], HD 85512 b andKepler-69c were thought to be likely habitable,[91] but with improved models of the circumstellar habitable zone, PHL does not consider it potentially habitable.[1][failed verification]Kepler-438b was also initially considered potentially habitable; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerfulflares that can strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable.[1]

K2-3d andK2-18b were originally considered potentially habitable, and the latter remains listed in the HWC,[1] but recent studies have shown them to be gaseoussub-Neptune rather than being theHycean planet and thus unlikely to be habitable.[92][93][94][95][96][97]

Kepler-1638b was thought to be a possibly habitable planet with a radius smaller than2 R🜨 after the validation. However based on the later measurement of host star parallax byGaia, the radius of the planet was revised upward to3.226+0.201
−0.315 R🜨, meaning it is more likely anice giant like Neptune with poor prospect for habitability.[98][99]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false positive byNASA in 2015.[100] Several other KOIs, likeKepler-577b andKepler-1649b, were considered potentially habitable prior to confirmation, but with new data are no longer considered habitable.

TRAPPIST-1 d was considered to be potentially habitable untilJWST/NIRSpec data found little evidence for an atmosphere with Earth-like surface pressure, highly likely ruling out habitability.[101]

See also

Notes

  1. ^The existence of Tau Ceti e is dubious, see[90]

References

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