This article listspolitical parties in theNetherlands . The country has amulti-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to formcoalition governments .
The lower house of the legislature, theHouse of Representatives , is elected by a national party-list system ofproportional representation . There is a legal threshold of 1/150 for getting a seat, so a party can win a seat only with at least two-thirds percent (0.67%) of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.
The first national political party was theAnti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.[ 1]
No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918.[ 2]
National political parties [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] Regional and local political parties [ edit ] European Netherlands [ edit ] Water board parties [ edit ] Defunct political parties [ edit ] History and evolution of all Dutch political parties to ever have had seats in theHouse of Representatives . ^a b "Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP)" .Documentatiecentrum Nederlands politieke partijen (in Dutch). 27 July 2021. Retrieved3 October 2024 .^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010)Elections in Europe: A data handbook , p1412ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7 ^a b c Hans Keman (2008),"The Low Countries: Confrontation and Coalition in Segmented Societies" ,Comparative European Politics , Taylor & Francis, p. 221,ISBN 978-0-203-94609-1 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^a b c Andeweg, R. and G. IrwinPolitics and Governance in the Netherlands , Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49^ Sean Lusk; Nick Birks (2014).Rethinking Public Strategy ISBN 978-1-137-37758-6 [permanent dead link ^a b c d Wolfram Nordsieck."Parties and Elections in Europe" . Retrieved8 June 2015 . ^a b c d Josep M. Colomer (24 July 2008).Comparative European Politics ISBN 978-0-203-94609-1 . Retrieved13 July 2013 .^ Pauwels, Teun (2014).Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands 117– 118.ISBN 978-1-317-65391-2 ^ Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism ". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral.Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse . A&C Black. p. 191. ^ Tjitske Akkerman (2015)."Gender and the radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis of policy agendas" Patterns of Prejudice .49 (1– 2):37– 60.doi :10.1080/0031322X.2015.1023655 .S2CID 144264153 . ^ "Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) — Europe Politique" .europe-politique.eu . Retrieved13 August 2019 .^ "CDA: partij van samenleving en van waarden" .Reformatorisch Dagblad (in Dutch). 8 August 2015. Retrieved27 December 2016 .^ Syuzanna Vasilyan (2009)."The integration crisis in the Netherlands: the causes and the new policy measures" . In Ditta Dolejšiová; Miguel Angel García López (eds.).European Citizenship in the Process of Construction: Challenges for Citizenship, Citizenship Education and Democratic Practice in Europe . Council of Europe. p. 73.ISBN 978-92-871-6478-0 ^ Hans Vollaard; Gerrit Voerman; Nelleke van de Walle (2015)."The Netherlands" . In Donatella M. Viola (ed.).Routledge Handbook of European Elections . Routledge. p. 171.ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7 ^ Bremmer, Ian (13 September 2012)."Going Dutch: The Netherlands' election results roll in" .Foreign Policy . Retrieved29 June 2019 . ^ "Standpunten" (in Dutch). Forum voor Democratie. 15 November 2016. Retrieved27 December 2016 .^ "Forum voor Democratie: Why has the Dutch far right surged?" . Al Jazeera. Retrieved10 May 2020 .^ Tierolf, Bas; Drost, Lisanne; van Kapel, Maaike (December 2018).Zevende rapportage racisme, antisemitisme en extreemrechts geweld in Nederland (PDF) (Report) (in Dutch). Verwey-Jonker Instituut. p. 35.ISBN 978-90-5830-912-9 . Retrieved22 April 2019 . ^ Jort Statema; Paul Aarts. "The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good European". In Timo Behr;Teija Tiilikainen (eds.).Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies . note on p. 237. ^ Rudy B. Andeweg; Galen A. Irwin (2014).Governance and Politics of the Netherlands (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 74. ^ "A Pro-Immigrant Party Rises in the Netherlands" .The New York Times . 29 July 2016.^ "Ethnic minorities desert Labour, turn to Denk ahead of March vote" .Dutch News . 6 February 2017.^a b "Parties and Elections in Europe" . Parties-and-elections.eu.^ "Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament" . EurActiv. 2 July 2009. Retrieved20 March 2014 .^ José Magone (3 July 2013).Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction ISBN 978-1-136-93397-4 ^ "European Social Survey 2012 – Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF) .European Science Foundation . 1 January 2014. Retrieved6 May 2014 .[permanent dead link ^ Watkins, Susan (May–June 2005)."Continental tremors" .New Left Review II (33). ^ "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2016:http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf ^ Stagni, Federica (6 December 2018)."Time For Change: How Volt Wants To Fix Europe" .Italics Magazine . Retrieved9 June 2019 . ^ "Verkiezingsprogramma 2017–2021" (in Dutch). Libertarische Partij. 10 November 2016. Archived fromthe original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved27 December 2016 .^a b Lead candidate of the joint listPirate Party andThe Greens at the2023 general election . ^ Piratenpartij (13 April 2010)."Structuur" [Structure] (in Dutch). Retrieved14 April 2010 . ^ "Actie Bouwman" (PDF) .Repetorium kleine politieke partijen (in Dutch).^ "Islam Democraten/Lijst 21" .Documentatiecentrum Nederlandse Politieke Partijen (in Dutch).^ "Verbond van Actualisten" (PDF) .Repetorium kleine politieke partijen (in Dutch).
National parties
represented in the without representation in
Local parties
European Netherlands Caribbean Netherlands
Regional parties Water board parties
Sovereign states States with limited Dependencies and Other entities
Friesland
Groningen
South Holland
North Brabant
Limburg
Drenthe
Zeeland
Flevoland
