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This is a list of political groups by country. Apolitical group, also known as a political alliance, coalition or bloc, is cooperation by members of differentpolitical parties on a commonagenda. This usually involves formal agreements between two or more entire parties. A political group is usually especially beneficial to the parties concerned during and immediately afterelections – due to characteristics of theelectoral systems concerned (e.g. allowing each party to clearelectoral thresholds) and/or allowing parties to participate in theformation of a government after elections. These may break up quickly or hold together for decades, becoming thede facto norm, operating almost as a single unit. Political groups may also form prior to elections to reduce uncertainty following the election.[1]
Coalition governments are formed when a political group comes to power or when only aplurality (not amajority) has been reached, and several parties must work together to govern. One of the peculiarities of such a method of governance results in aminister without portfolio.[citation needed]
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Since the 1920s, the main centre-right force in Australian politics at the federal level has been an alliance of parties known as theCoalition: originally consisting of theNationalist Party and theAustralian Country Party, it currently includes those parties' successors, theLiberal Party of Australia and theNational Party of Australia. The Coalition's formation was prompted by the rise of the centre-leftAustralian Labor Party, which remains the Coalition's main political opponent. The two parties of the Coalition draw support from different bases, with the Liberals gaining their votes in urban areas and the Nationals winning theirs in rural areas. Arrangements at state and territorial level vary, from the merger of state Liberal and National parties through to electoral alliances on the federal model and, in the case ofWestern Australia, a looser relationship. Their had been short breakups in 1972 and 2025. Additionally, in the1934 and1987 federal elections (following theJoh for PM campaign), the coalition ran separately for both House of Representatives and the Senate.
TheBulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and other leftist parties in Bulgaria have been members of the leftist electoral allianceCoalition for Bulgaria since 1991.
In Bulgaria, the so-called "blue parties"[2] or "urban right"[3] formed different alliances includingUnited Democratic Forces (1997–2005),Blue Coalition (2008–12)Reformist Bloc (2013–16/17) andDemocratic Bulgaria (2018–23).
After the fall of thedictatorship, Chile was dominated by two main blocs, theAlliance (often under different names), led byUDI andRN, andConcertación consisting of thePDC,PS,PPD andPRSD. Both were eclipsed by the more right-wingRepublican Party and the more left-wingFrente Amplio in the late 2010s. While the Alliance continued under the nameChile Vamos, Concertación disintegrated with some members joiningUnity for Chile in 2023 andUnidad por Chile in 2025 alongside FA or found short-lived alliances (The Force of the Majority in 2017 andProgressive Convergence excluding PDC,Constituent Unity andNew Social Pact in 2021,Democratic Socialism excluding PDC, andEverything for Chile in 2023 excluding PS).
TheChristian Democratic Union of Germany does not contest elections inBavaria, where its place is taken by the somewhat more conservative and Catholic-influencedChristian Social Union. They form a commonCDU/CSU bloc in theBundestag. According to the parliamentary law only parties which share a common ideology and do not compete in the same state are allowed to form a jointFraktion,[4] conditions only applying to CDU/CSU. Only in 1976, the coalition broke for less than a month.[5]
Between the 1980s and the 2010s, Germany was dominated by two blocs, the "bourgeois"Black–yellow coalition [de] composed of the Union andFree Democratic Party and theRed–green coalition composed of theSocial Democratic Party andThe Greens. In2002, FDP nominated their ownchancellor candidate against the candidates of SPD and CDU before returning to the alliance with the CDU/CSU. This was the first and only election before2021 to have three candidates.[6]
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The Hong Kongpro-democracy camp has been establishing an electoral coalition inlocal level elections. Unless there is a coordination failure, the parties within the camp will not contest against each other in local level elections. In thecoming General Election, they also launchprimaries to ensure the greatest coordination and thus greatest possible number of seats, at best simple majority (35+) can be achieved.
TheChristian Democratic People's Party is the coalition partner of the ruling partyFidesz, and has run with Fidesz on a joint electoral list in elections since 2006. However, over time the party has lost popular support to the point it can no longer be measured in opinion polls, and today effectively operates as a satellite party of Fidesz, with the last time it got into parliament on its own being in 1994.
Since the1977 Israeli legislative election, the nationalist and ultra-Orthodox parties form theNational camp. The Zionist parties outside of the camp are usually seen as their own bloc.
The two dominating likewise conservative partiesProgressive Citizens' Party andPatriotic Union form a coalition which exists since 1938 with a short hiatus in 1997–2005.[7]
ACT New Zealand, aright-wing libertarian party, runs its leader as a candidate in theEpsom electorate. In Epsom, the ACT leader is typically endorsed by theNational Party and its leader. After the election, the ACT leader can then be offered a cabinet position, and the party can serve as a coalition partner in a National government.
In Portugal, theDemocratic Alliance is an alliance of three centre-right to right-wing parties:PSD,CDS-PP andPPM.[8] It was based on theDemocratic Alliance in 1979 and PSD and CDS-PP formedForça Portugal in 2004, thePortugal Alliance in 2014 and the Portugal Ahead alliance in 2015. There are also smaller alliances, such as theCDU.[9]
In multiple countries inScandinavia, parties generally run in elections separately but cooperate with other parties of similar ideology and outlook, and are grouped together by media, commentators, and party members for the purposes of the formation of a coalition government: a "red" bloc ofcentre-left andleft-wing parties, and a "blue" bloc ofcentre-right andright-wing parties. Parties almost always form coalition governments consisting of their particular bloc if they have a majority, with the largest party nominating the position of Prime Minister.
In the last years, there had been some changes. TheFrederiksen II Cabinet formed in Denmark in 2022 includes both the "red"Social Democracy and the "blue"Venstre. In 2019, the SwedishCentre Party left the conservativeAlliance and the other "blue" parties ended thecordon sanitaire against the far-rightSweden Democrats. Although theFaroe Islands andFinland traditionally do not have blocs, all governments were mostly along political lines sinceCabinet of Kaj Leo Johannesen II in 2011 and theSipilä cabinet in 2015 respectively.
| Country | Green-Left | Green | Social Democratic | Agrarian (historically) | Liberal | Conservative | Christian democratic | Right-wing | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Denmark | Ø,F | Å | A | V | B,M,I | C | Æ,O,H | [10] | |
 Faroe Islands | E | C | B | F,D | A | H | [11] | ||
 Norway | R,SV | MDG | Ap | Sp | V | H | KrF | FrP | [12] |
 Sweden | V | MP | S | C | L | M | KD | SD | [13] |
TheLabour Party andCo-operative Party have an electoral agreement under which elections in some constituencies are contested by Co-operative Party members asjoint candidates.
Two of the three largest national parties do not actively contest elections inNorthern Ireland. The two Northern Irish parties that are affiliated with parties that compete in the rest of the UK are theSocial Democratic and Labour Party withLabour, and theAlliance Party of Northern Ireland with theLiberal Democrats. TheConservative Party runs candidates in Northern Ireland but used to support theUlster Unionist Party.
