- Maria Abashova (born 1983),ballet dancer
- Roman Abraham (1891–1976), general of the Polish army
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890–1963), logician and philosopher
- Spirydion Albański (1907–1992), football goalkeeper of the Poland National Team
- Zofia Albinowska-Minkiewiczowa (1886–1971) , painter
- Stanislaw Albinowski (1923–2005), economist, columnist and journalist
- Bohdan Ihor Antonych (1909–1937), poet
- Pavlo Arie (born 1977), screenwriter and playwright
- Muhammad Asad (1900–1992), translator of Quran into English (born in Lemberg as Leopold Weiss)
- Stefan Askenase (1896–1985), pianist
- Szymon Askenazy (1865–1935), historian and politician, founder of the Lwów-Warsaw historical school
- Herman Auerbach (1901–1942), mathematician
- Emanuel Ax (born 1949), American pianist
- Teodor Axentowicz (1859–1938), painter
- Erwin Axer (1917–2012), actor and theatre professor
- Oswald Balzer (1858–1933), law historian, rector of theLwów University (1895–1896), founder of theSociety for Support of Polish Science in Lwów (Tow. dla Popierania Nauki Pol. we Lwowie), the first scientific organisation in the city
- Stefan Banach (1892–1945), mathematician
- Yuri Bashmet (born 1953), viola soloist
- Kazimierz Bartel (1882–1941), mathematician and politician, prime minister of Poland (1926–1930)
- Adolf Beck (1863–1942), physiologist
- Joseph Beer (1908–1987), composer
- Alexander Beliavsky (born 1953), chess grandmaster
- Józef Bem (1794–1850), Polish and Hungarian national hero
- SaintJózef Bilczewski (1860–1923),Archbishop of Lviv and a Catholic saint
- Szymon Okolski (1580–1653), a historian, specialist in heraldry, provincial of the Dominican Order
- Fabian Birkowski (1566–1636), writer, preacher
- Wojciech Bobowski (1610–1675), dragoman and musician in the Ottoman Empire, translated the Bible into Ottoman Turkish
- Wojciech Bogusławski (1757–1829), composer
- Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (1895–1966), general of the Polish army, commander-in-chief of theHome Army
- Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz (1894–1985), general of the Polish army
- Naftali Botwin (1905–1925), political militant and labor activist
- Michał Boym (ca. 1612–1659), Jesuit missionary in China, known for his travels and writings
- Heinrich Gottfried von Bretschneider (1739–1810), German satirical writer
- Julia Brystiger (1902–1975), political militant, member of the security apparatus of the Polish People's Republic
- Jan Brzoza (1900–1971), writer, publicist
- Martin Buber (1878–1965), philosopher
- Sofiia Burak (1961–2016), artist of artistic textiles, graphic artist
- Solomon Buber (1827–1906), banker and philosopher
- Mieczysław Gębarowicz (1893–1984), scientist and art historian, director of theOssolineum Institute during World War II
- Nathan Michael Gelber (1891–1966), historian
- Eugeniusz Geppert (1890–1979), painter
- Franciszek Ksawery Godebski (1801–1869), director of the Ossolineum and father toCyprian Godebski, renowned sculptor
- Julian Godlewski (1903–1983), businessman and philanthropist
- Maksymilian Goldstein (1880–1942), a pre-war Judaica collector, director of the Lviv Jewish Museum, and owner of a privately maintained museum
- Georgiy R. Gongadze (1969–2000), journalist kidnapped and murdered in 2000
- Zygmunt Gorgolewski (1845–1903), architect, constructor of the Grand Theatre in Lwów (currently theLviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet)
- Kazimierz Górski (1921–2006), football coach
- Uri Zvi Greenberg (1896–1981), poet
- Artur Grottger (1837–1867), late romanticist painter
- Yaroslav Halan (1902–1949), anti-fascist playwright and publicist
- Bernard Hausner (1874–1938), rabbi, diplomat and member of the Sejm
- Gideon Hausner (1915–1990), Israeli jurist, politician,Attorney General of Israel and prosecutors at thewar crimestrial ofAdolf Eichmann inJerusalem
- Zbigniew Herbert (1924–1998), poet
- Mykhailo Hrushevsky (1866–1934), first president of theUkrainian People's Republic
- Lyubomyr Huzar (1933–2017), Cardinal, head of theUkrainian Greek Catholic Church
- Mieczyslaw Horszowski (1892–1993), Polish and American pianist
- Stepan Hiha (1959-2025), Ukraine composer, singer and an associate professor
- Stanisław Kaczor-Batowski (1866–1946), painter
- Bertha Kalich (1874–1939), actress
- Vera Kamsha (born 1962), fantasy writer
- Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski (1893–1964), general
- Stanisław Kasznica (1908–1948), resistance soldier
- Wojciech Kilar (1932–2013), composer
- Lubka Kolessa (1902–1997), pianist
- Yevhen Konovalets (1891–1938), Ukrainian nationalist leader
- Maria Konopnicka (1842–1910), writer
- Ihor Kobrin (1951–2023), film director
- Juliusz Kossak (1824–1899), painter
- Ihor Kozhan (born 1953), Ukrainian archivist, cultural and public figure
- Jan Krukowiecki (1772–1850), general
- Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872–1952), opera singer
- Tadeusz Krwawicz (1910–1988), ophthalmologist
- Jerzy Kulczycki (1931–2013), civil engineer and activist publisher and bookseller
- Jacek Kuroń (1934–2004), freedom fighter and politician (Solidarity,KOR)
- Vilém Kurz (1872–1945), pianist, professor at theLwów State Conservatory
- Ilona Kurzowa (1899–1975), pianist
- Wacław Kuchar (1897–1981), talented athlete, multiple champion of Poland in various sports
- Stanisław Jerzy Lec (1909–1966), poet and aphorist
- Stanisław Lem (1921–2006),science fiction writer and futurist
- Stanisław Leśniewski (1886–1939), philosopher and logician
- Stanisław I Leszczyński (1677–1766), twiceKing of Poland.[1]
- Antoni Łomnicki (1881–1941), mathematician
- Roman Longchamps de Bérier (1883–1941), lawyer, last rector of theJan Kazimierz University
- Alfred J. Lotka (1880–1949), mathematician, physical chemist, statistician, biophysicist, author ofpredator-prey model
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz (1822–1882), engineer, pioneer of oil industry
- Jan Łukasiewicz (1878–1956), philosopher and logician
- Oleh Luzhnyi (born 1968), former professional footballer
- Stanisław Maczek (1892–1994), Polish World War II general, CommanderAllied (Polish) 1st Armoured Division in Western Europe
- Kornel Makuszyński (1884–1953), writer of books for children
- Oksana Maksymchuk (born 1982), Ukrainian poet
- Michael Malice (born 1976), Author, political commentator, Anarchist
- Alexandra Marinina (born 1957), Russian writer of detective stories
- Kostyantyn Markovych (born 1968), painter, iconographer, graphic artist
- Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895), writer, author ofVenus in Furs
- Stanisław Mieczysław Mazur (1905–1981), mathematician, member of thePolish Academy of Sciences and theLwów School of Mathematics
- Kazimierz Michałowski,Egyptologist (1901–1981), founder ofNubiology
- Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973), free-market economist (born in Lemberg)
- Richard von Mises (1883–1953), mathematician (younger brother of Ludwig, also born in Lemberg)
- Izydor Modelski (1889–1962), Polish Lieutenant General and spy
- Iryna Morykvas (born 1985), Ukrainian illustrator, artist, writer
- Sigmund Mogulesko (1858–1914), Yiddish singer and actor
- Ignacy Mościcki (1867–1946), chemist andPresident of Poland (1926–1939)
- Andrzej Mostowski (1913–1975), mathematician
- Gabriela Moyseowicz (born 1944), composer and pianist
- Paul Muni (1895–1967), actor
- Ana Muzičuk (born 1990), chess grandmaster
- Vitaly Mansky (born 1963), film director
- Jan Parandowski (1895–1978), writer
- Jakub Karol Parnas (1884–1949), biochemist
- Teodor Parnicki (1908–1988), historian
- Aniela Pawlikowska (1901–1980), painter
- Aaron ben Phinehas, member of rabbinical college of Lemberg
- Leon Piniński (1857–1938), politician, lawyer and art historian
- Andriy Protsyk (born 1986), footballer
- Wojciech Pszoniak (1942–2020), actor
- Witold Pyrkosz (1926–2017), Polish actor
- Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895), journalist andBDSM writer whose surname originated the term "masochism"
- Henryk Samsonowicz (1930–2021), historian
- Juliusz Schauder (1899–1943), mathematician, member of theLwów School of Mathematics
- Iryna Senyk (1926–2009), poet, nurse, political dissident
- Filip Schleicher (1870–1932), Polish-Jewish lawyer, deputy mayor from 1913 to 1927
- Larisa Shepitko (1938–1979), Soviet film director.
- Andrey Sheptytsky (1865–1944), head of theUkrainian Church through both the world wars
- Roman Shukhevych (1907–1950), general of theUkrainian Insurgent Army
- Iva Sidash (born 1995), Ukrainian street and documentary photographer
- Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski (1666–1726), hetman
- Stanisław Skrowaczewski (1923–2017), composer
- Myroslav Skoryk (1938–2020), composer,Hero of Ukraine
- Natalka Sniadanko (born 1973), Ukrainian writer, journalist, translator
- Wacław Sobieski (1872–1935), historian
- Leopold Staff (1878–1957), poet
- Hugo Steinhaus (1887–1972), mathematician
- Zygmunt Steuermann (1899–1941), Polish football player
- Julian Stryjkowski (1905–1996), writer
- Roman Svintsitskyi (born 1981), former Ukrainian professional footballer
- Jan Szeliga (?–1636), wandering book printer
- Moritz Szeps (1835–1902), journalist
- Wacław Szybalski (1921–2020), medical researcher
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