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List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea

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Nuclear tests conducted by North Korea since 2006

Nuclear tests
Information
Country	North Korea
Test site	Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, North Korea
Period	2006–2017
Number of tests	6
Test type	underground
Max. yield	~140 kt (U.S. intelligence)^[1] 160 kt (Revised estimates from Japanese Government)^[2] 250 kt (38 North and revisedNORSAR estimate)^[3]^[4]

North Korea has conducted sixnuclear tests, in 2006, 2009, 2013, twice in 2016, and in 2017.

2km
1.2miles

South

West

East

North portal

Location of North Korea's nuclear tests^[5]^[6]
1: 2006;2: 2009;3: 2013;4: 2016-01;5: 2016-09;6: 2017;

Testing

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North Korea's nuclear tests series tests and detonations
Sequence	Date time (UT)	Localtime zone^{[note 1]}^[7]	Location	Elevation + height	Delivery	Yield^{[note 2]}	References
(1)	9 October 2006 01:35:27	KST (+9 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea41°17′06″N129°06′30″E / 41.28505°N 129.1084°E /41.28505; 129.1084 ((1))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −310 m (−1,020 ft)	underground	0.7–2 kt	^[8]
(1)	Possibly afizzle. East Tunnel approximately 1 km NE from the entrance. TheFederal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 2 kilotons in 2013^[9] but has since revised to 0.7 kt.^[10] TheInternational Seismological Centre has abibliography and/orauthoritative data for this event.
(2)	25 May 2009 00:54:43	KST (+9 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea41°17′29″N129°04′54″E / 41.29142°N 129.08167°E /41.29142; 129.08167 ((2))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −490 m (−1,610 ft)	underground	2–5.4 kt	^[11]^[12]
(2)	West Tunnel at about 1.2 km NW from the tunnel entrance. TheFederal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 13 kt in 2013^[9] but has since revised to 5.4 kt.^[10] TheInternational Seismological Centre has abibliography and/orauthoritative data for this event.
(3)	12 February 2013 02:57:51	KST (+9 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea41°16′05″N129°04′51″E / 41.26809°N 129.08076°E /41.26809; 129.08076 ((3))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)	underground	6–16 kt	^[11]^[13]
(3)	Likely the test took place in the West Tunnel. South tunnel damaged by flooding in 2012. TheFederal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 40 kilotons in 2013^[9] but has since revised the yield as 14 kt.^[10] TheUniversity of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 12.2 kt, with a margin of error of 3.8 kt.^[14] Hence the max yield could be 16 kt for this test. TheInternational Seismological Centre has abibliography and/orauthoritative data for this event.
(4)	6 January 2016 01:30:01	PYT (+8:30 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea41°18′32″N129°02′02″E / 41.30900°N 129.03399°E /41.30900; 129.03399 ((4))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)	underground	7–16.5 kt	^[15]^[16]
(4)	Claimed to be ahydrogen bomb. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has originally estimated the yield as 14kt^[10] but has since revised to 10kt.^[17] TheUniversity of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 11.3 kt, with a margin of error of 4.2 kt.^[18] Hence the max yield could be 16.5 kt for this test. TheInternational Seismological Centre has abibliography and/orauthoritative data for this event.
(5)	9 September 2016 00:30:01	PYT (+8:30 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea41°17′53″N129°00′54″E / 41.298°N 129.015°E /41.298; 129.015 ((5))^{[note 4]}	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)	underground	15–25 kt	^[19]^[20]^[21]
(5)	North Korea announced that this is a successful test of a warhead that can be mounted onto arocket.^[22] Siegfried S. Hecker, former director of theLos Alamos National Laboratory, estimated yield at 15 to 25 kt.^[23] Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has initially estimated the yield as 25 kt.^[17] TheUniversity of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 17.8 kt, with a margin of error of 5.9 kt.^[24] TheInternational Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.
(6)	3 September 2017 03:30:01.940	PYT (+8:30 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea41°20′35″N129°02′10″E / 41.343°N 129.036°E /41.343; 129.036 ((2))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), 0 m (0 ft)	underground	70–280 kt	^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]
(6)	Claimed to be ahydrogen bomb (but may only be aboosted fission weapon rather than an actual staged Teller–Ulamthermonuclear weapon).^[31] On 3 September,South Korea’s weather agency, theKorea Meteorological Administration, estimated that thenuclear weapons blast yield of the presumed test was between 50 and 60 kilotons based on a magnitude 5.6 detection.^[32] South Korean Government's initial yield estimate is 100 kt,^[27] and it detected a 5.7 magnitude earthquake.^[33] NORSAR Seismology Center initial estimate is 120 kt,^[28] based on a magnitude 5.8 tremor. On 12 Sept 2017, this was revised to an estimate of 250 kt based on a magnitude 6.1 instead.^[4] TheGerman Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources estimate is "a few hundred kt",^[29] based on a 6.1 detected tremor. The Japan Meteorological Agency also detected a 6.1 magnitude tremor.^[34] fromUSGS: "[Magnitude] 6.3 Explosion ... Possible explosion, located near the site where North Korea has detonated nuclear explosions in the past. If this event was an explosion, the USGS National Earthquake Information Center cannot determine its type, whether nuclear or any other possible type." Depth and lat/lon location approximate. TheChina Earthquake Administration also detected a 6.3 magnitudeearthquake.^[35] TheUniversity of Science and Technology of China^[36] estimated the yield at 108.1 ± 48.1 kt. TheGeophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences registered a 6.4 magnitudeearthquake.^[37] TheLamont–Doherty Earth Observatory estimated 250 kilotons.^[30] Japanese Government: 160 kt.^[2] U.S. Intelligence/Air Force Technical Applications Center: 70 to 280 kilotons.^[25] Earlier U.S. Intelligence had given an estimate of 140 kt with unspecified margin of error.^[1] Indian Space Research Organization analysis of satellitesynthetic-aperture radar data found that explosion was at a depth of 542 ± 30 metres and the yield was 245–271 kt.^[38] TheInternational Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.

Map this section's coordinates usingOpenStreetMapDownload coordinates asKML

^To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. North Korea changed from UTC+9 hours to UTC+8:30 hours on 15 August 2015. All historical time zone data are derived from here:
^Estimated energy yield intons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
^Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
^Location from seismic data, about 6.4 km west northwest Punggye-ri and locus of previous tests.

Summary

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North Korea's nuclear testing series summary
Series or years	Years covered	Tests^{[Summ 1]}	Devices fired	Devices with unknown yield	Peaceful use tests	Non-PTBT tests^{[Summ 2]}	Yield range (kilotons)^{[Summ 3]}	Total yield (kilotons)^{[Summ 4]}	Notes
nuclear tests	2006–2017	6	6				0.7–250	197.8
Totals	2006-Oct-9 to 2017-Sep-3	6	6				0.7–250	197.8 (Based on average yield from lower to upper estimates as the Government of DPRK does not announce the exact yield.)	Total country yield is 0.036% ofall nuclear testing.

References

[edit]

^^a ^bPanda, Ankit (6 September 2017). "US Intelligence: North Korea's Sixth Test Was a 140 Kiloton 'Advanced Nuclear' Device". The Diplomat. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^^a ^b"North Korean nuke test put at 160 kilotons as Ishiba urges debate on deploying U.S. atomic bombs".The Japan Times. 5 September 2017. Archived fromthe original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved7 September 2017.
^"North Korea's Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site: Satellite Imagery Shows Post-Test Effects and New Activity in Alternate Tunnel Portal Areas | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea". 12 September 2017.
^^a ^b"The nuclear explosion in North Korea on 3 September 2017: A revised magnitude assessment". NORSAR. 12 September 2017. Archived fromthe original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved13 September 2017.
^"Search Results". USGS.
^"North Korea's Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site: Analysis Reveals Its Potential for Additional Testing with Significantly Higher Yields". 38North. 10 March 2017.
^"Time Zone Database". iana.com. Retrieved8 March 2014.
^USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (9 October 2006)."Magnitude 4.7–North Korea". USGS. Archived fromthe original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved20 January 2014.
^^a ^b ^cNordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR (In German), 12 Feb 2013
^^a ^b ^c ^dNordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR, 6 Jan 2016
^^a ^bKalinowski, Martin (25 May 2009)."Second nuclear test conducted by North Korea on 25 May 2009"(PDF). Arms Control Wonk. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 30 May 2009. Retrieved20 January 2014.
^USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (26 May 2009)."Magnitude 4.7–North Korea". USGS. Archived fromthe original on 28 May 2009. Retrieved20 January 2014.
^Davenport, Kelsey (March 2013)."North Korea Conducts Nuclear Test". Arms Control Association. Retrieved30 August 2014.
^"Chinese underground nuclear test North Korea reached an unprecedented precision measurement". 19 June 2013. Archived fromthe original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved14 July 2013.
^"North Korean carries out fourth nuclear test".The Guardian. 6 January 2016. Retrieved6 January 2016.
^"North Korea Tests Nuclear Device, Claims Successful Thermonuclear Detonation".The Diplomat. 6 January 2016. Retrieved6 January 2016.
^^a ^bNordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR (In German), 9 Sep 2016
^"North Korea's January 6 2016 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC". 6 January 2016. Archived fromthe original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved6 January 2016.
^"M5.3 Explosion – 19km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea".United States Geological Survey. 9 September 2016. Retrieved9 September 2016.
^"North Korea nuclear test: Japan confirms huge quake caused by explosion".The Guardian. 9 September 2016.
^North Korea conducts fifth and largest nuclear test – South Korea and Japan – Reuters, Sep 9, 2016 5:39am British Standard Time
^The Latest: N. Korea Confirms 'Successful' Nuclear Test – Associated Press, 2016 Sep 9, 12:52 AM EDT
^"North Korea has made a nuclear weapon small enough to fit on a missile. How worried should the world be?".Los Angeles Times. 9 August 2017. Retrieved18 August 2017.
^"North Korea's September 9 2016 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC". 10 September 2016. Archived fromthe original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved10 September 2016.
^^a ^bMichelle Ye Hee Lee (13 September 2017)."North Korea nuclear test may have been twice as strong as first thought".Washington Post. Retrieved28 September 2017.
^"M 6.3 Explosion - 22km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea".
^^a ^b"N. Korea's apparent sixth nuke test estimated to have yield of 100 kilotons: lawmaker".
^^a ^b"Large nuclear test in North Korea on 3 September 2017". Archived fromthe original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved3 September 2017.
^^a ^b"BGR registers a presumed nuclear test in North Korea".
^^a ^b"Seismic Detective Weighs In on North Korea's Latest Nuclear Test". 5 September 2017.
^Buckley, Chris (3 September 2017)."What's the Difference Between a Hydrogen Bomb and a Regular Atomic Bomb?".New York Times. Retrieved6 September 2017.
^"North Korea nuclear test: what we know so far".Guardian. 3 September 2017.
^"The Latest: EU calls on U.N. to adopt further NK sanctions".New York Daily News. Associated Press. 3 September 2017. Retrieved3 September 2017.
^"North Korea tests most powerful nuclear bomb yet".ABC. CNN, Scripps National Desk. 3 September 2017. Retrieved3 September 2017.
^Wen, Philip (2 September 2017)."China Earthquake Administration detects 'suspected explosion' in North Korea".Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved3 September 2017.
^"North Korea's 3 September 2017 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC".Lianxing Wen's Geography. University of Science and Technology of China. Archived fromthe original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved4 September 2017.
^"North Korea likely to have conducted another nuclear test — Japanese TV".TASS. Government of Russia. 3 September 2017. Retrieved3 September 2017.
^K M Sreejith; Ritesh Agrawal; A S Rajawat (January 2020)."Constraints on the location, depth and yield of the 2017 September 3 North Korean nuclear test from InSAR measurements and modelling".Geophysical Journal International.220 (1). Oxford University Press:345–351.doi:10.1093/gji/ggz451. Retrieved15 November 2019.

Sources

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Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl (August 2000),CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3), SMDC Monitoring Research
Andryushi, LA; Voloshin, N.P.; Ilkaev, R.I.; Matushchenko, A.M.; Ryabev, L.D.; Strukov, V.G.; Chernyshev, A.K.; Yudin, Yu.A., Mikhailov, V.N. (ed.),Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing, archived fromthe original on 19 December 2013, retrieved4 March 2013
Wm Robert Johnston, PhD,Johnston Archive of Nuclear Weapons, retrieved31 December 2013

North Korea and weapons of mass destruction

Main topics

Missile tests

Nuclear tests

Fission	2006 2009 2013 September 2016
Claimed asthermonuclear	January 2016 2017

Facilities

Production	Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center Kangson enrichment site Pyongsan uranium mine
Testing	Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site

People

Leaders	Kim Jong Il Kim Jong Un
Diplomats	Kang Sok-ju Kim Kye-gwan Choe Son-hui
Scientists	Hong Sung-mu Ri Hong-sop Chon Chibu Kyong Won-ha

Nuclear warheads

Warheads	Hwasan-31 tactical warhead Hwasong-13 warhead [ko] Hwasong-15 warhead [ko]
Land	Hwasong ballistic missiles Intercontinental Hwasong-15 Hwasong-17 Hwasong-18 Hwasal cruise missiles Hwasal-1 Hwasal-2
Sea	Pukguksong submarine-launched ballistic missiles