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List of non-extant papal tombs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Despite his being regarded as martyred into theBlack Sea, multiple churches have laid claims to the translated relics ofPope Clement I.

This is alist of non-extant papal tombs, which includes tombs not included on thelist of extant papal tombs. Information about these tombs is generally incomplete and uncertain.

Chronologically, the main locations of destroyed or unknown papal tombs have been: the obscure tombs of the first two centuries of popesnear Saint Peter, the repeated waves oftranslations from theCatacombs of Rome, the demolition of thepapal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica, and the 1306 and 1361 fires in theArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran.

Papal tombs have also been destroyed by other instances of fire, remodeling, and war (most recently,World War II). Others are unknown due to creative or geographically remote methods ofmartyrdom, or—in the case ofPope Clement I—both. Burial in churches outside theAurelian Walls of Rome (Italian:fuori le Mura)—in the basilicas ofPaul orLorenzo—have not generally survived.

Main locations

[edit]

The main locations of destroyed or lost papal tombs include:

Other destroyed or unknown tombs

[edit]

1st century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
88/92–97/101Clement I
Saint Clement
According to tradition, translated to theChurch of the Tithes (Kyiv)[6]According to tradition thrown into theBlack Sea nearCrimea, translated to theChurch of the Holy Apostles, thenBasilica di San Clemente, then the Church of the Tithes.[6]

2nd century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
105/107–115/116Alexander I
Saint Alexander
Competing claims (involving translation):[7]
115/116–125Sixtus I
Saint Sixtus
Competing claims (involving translation and a finger):[8]
174/175–189Eleuterus
Saint Eleutherus
Competing claims:[9]

5th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
31 July 432–March/August 440Sixtus III
Saint Sixtus
San Lorenzo fuori le Mura[10]Then called San Lorenzo al Verano; sarcophagus destroyed, possibly in 1943[10]
19 November 461 – 29 February 468Hilarius
Saint Hilarius
San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, crypt[11]Then called San Lorenzo al Verano
13 March 483 – 1 March 492Felix III
Saint Felix
EitherSan Paolo fuori le Mura or the crypt ofSantissima Concenzione nearPiazza Barberini[12]

6th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
1 June 536 – 11 November 537Silverius
Saint Silverius
Palmaria[13]Non-contemporary shrine extant onPonza Island[14]
29 March 537 – 7 June 555VigiliusEitherSan Marcello on theVia Salaria (Oxford Dictionary of Popes) orSan Silvestre over the Catacomb of Priscilla on the Via Salaria (Catholic Encyclopedia)[15]

7th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
July 649 – 16 September 655Martin I
Saint Martin
Church of our Lady (Blachdernæ), nearChersonesusPossibly buried in Archbasilica of St. John Lateran

9th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
25 January 817 – 11 February 824Paschal I
Saint Paschal
Unknown, but likely destroyedAlleged to have been buried in the chapel of St. Zeno ofSanta Prassade (disproved by modern research); possibly buried under the altar of the oratory of Saints Processus and Martiniano and lost when the oratory was moved in 1548 or 1605.[16]

10th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
July 903 – September 903Leo VUnknown but destroyedEither cremated and thrown in the Tiber, buried (and thus destroyed) in Old Saint Peter's, or buried whole inArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran[17]
1 October 965 – 6 September 972John XIIIBasilica of Saint Paul Outside the WallsDestroyed[18]

11th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
June 1003 – December 1003John XVIIUnknown but destroyedEitherSan Paolo fuori le Mura,Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran orSanta Sabina[19]
25 December 1003 – July 1009John XVIIIUnknown but destroyedEither San Paolo fuori le Mura or Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran[20]
1032–1044Benedict IXAbbey of GrottaferrataDiscovered on March 4, 1739; destroyed during World War II[21]
1045Sylvester IIIUnknown[22]
13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057Victor IISanta Maria Rotunda (Ravenna)Destroyed; claimed reburied inSan Reparata (Florence) unsupported by evidence[23]
2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058Stephen IX,O.S.B.Santa Reparata (Florence)Tomb discovered in 1357 during the laying of the foundation for the new Duomo[23]
6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061Nicholas IISanta Reparata (Florence)Possibly reburied in the outer left aisle of St. Peter's; no remains of tomb in either today[23]
30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073Alexander IIUnknown but lostEither the Lateran Archbasilica or St. Peter's[23]

12th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187Gregory VIII,Can. Reg.Pisa Cathedral, Chapel of Our LadyDestroyed in the fire of 1600;[24] ordered the desecration of the tomb ofAntipope Victor IV in Lucca on his way to Pisa, where he died

13th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameTombSculptorLocationNotes
18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227Honorius IIIBasilica di Santa Maria MaggioreNo longer extant[25]
12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261Alexander IVViterbo CathedralDestroyed in 1490;[26] no longer extant[27]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 23–26.
  2. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 23.
  3. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 10–11.
  4. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 272–277.
  5. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 70–109.
  6. ^abReardon, 2004, pp. 23–24.
  7. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 24.
  8. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 24–25.
  9. ^Reardon, 2005, p. 26.
  10. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 40.
  11. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 41.
  12. ^Reardon, 2004, 41–42.
  13. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 44.
  14. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 270.
  15. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 45.
  16. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 61.
  17. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 69.
  18. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 73.
  19. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 79.
  20. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 80.
  21. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 81.
  22. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 82.
  23. ^abcdReardon, 2004, p. 85.
  24. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 98.
  25. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 100.
  26. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 103.
  27. ^Frothingham, A. L., Jr. (1891). "Notes on Roman Artists of the Middle Ages. III. Two Tombs of the Popes at Viterbo by Vassallectus and Petrus Oderisi". The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts, 7(1/2): 38.

References

[edit]
  • Reardon, Wendy J. 2004.The Deaths of the Popes. Macfarland & Company, Inc.ISBN 0-7864-1527-4
1st–4th centuries
5th–8th centuries
9th–12th centuries
13th–16th centuries
17th–21st centuries
History of the papacy
Antiquity and Early
Middle Ages
High and Late
Middle Ages
Early Modern and
Modern Era
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