| City/Town | Country/Territory | Continent | Notes |
|---|
| Abidjan(former capital; still hosts some government offices) |  Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) | Africa | Abidjan is the largest city in Ivory Coast and is officially designated as the economic capital. |
| Yamoussoukro(de jure) |
| Abu Dhabi |  United Arab Emirates | Asia | |
| Abuja |  Nigeria | Africa | Lagos was the capital from 1914 to 1991. |
| Accra |  Ghana | |
| Adamstown |  Pitcairn Islands | Oceania | British Overseas Territory. |
| Addis Ababa |  Ethiopia | Africa | |
| Aden(de facto, temporary) |  Yemen | Asia | Yemen is in a state ofcivil war, and Sanaa has been occupied byHouthi rebels since September 2014. Aden, the former capital ofSouth Yemen, has since acted as provisional capital of the internationally-recognized government, though that government's leadership reportedly departed the city amid aDecember 2025 takeover by its separatist faction.[1][2] |
| Sanaa(de jure) |
| Episkopi Cantonment |  Akrotiri and Dhekelia | British Overseas Territory. |
| Algiers |  Algeria | Africa | |
| Alofi |  Niue | Oceania | Self-governing in free association withNew Zealand. Government offices are spread across both Alofi North and Alofi South. |
| Amman |  Jordan | Asia | |
| Amsterdam(official) |  Netherlands | Europe | The Hague hoststhe monarch,government ministries,judiciary anddiplomatic missions. See alsoCapital of the Netherlands. |
| The Hague(de facto) |
| Andorra la Vella |  Andorra | |
| Ankara |  Turkey | Asia | Ankara became capital of the newly-formed Republic of Turkey in 1923, after theTurkish War of Independence. The capital of Turkey's predecessor, theOttoman Empire, wasConstantinople (nowIstanbul). |
| Antananarivo |  Madagascar | Africa | |
| Apia |  Samoa | Oceania | |
| Ashgabat |  Turkmenistan | Asia | |
| Asmara |  Eritrea | Africa | |
| Astana |  Kazakhstan | Asia | Astana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022.Almaty was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 1997 and its predecessor theKazakh SSR from 1929 to 1991. |
| Asunción |  Paraguay | South America | |
| Atafu(atoll administration) |  Tokelau | Oceania | Most populous city and smallestatoll.New Zealand ownsTokelau. |
| Nukunonu(atoll administration) | Largestatoll. The population of people living there is 531. |
| Fakaofo(atoll administration) | Most populous city in thisatoll isFale, Tokelau |
| Athens |  Greece | Europe | |
| Avarua |  Cook Islands | Oceania | Self-governing in free association withNew Zealand. The capital is sometimes incorrectly stated asRarotonga, the island on which Avarua is located. |
| Baghdad |  Iraq | Asia | |
| Baku |  Azerbaijan | Asia/Europe | |
| Bamako |  Mali | Africa | |
| Bandar Seri Begawan |  Brunei | Asia | |
| Bangkok |  Thailand | |
| Bangui |  Central African Republic | Africa | |
| Banjul |  Gambia | |
| Basseterre |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | North America | |
| Beijing |  China | Asia | See also:Historical capitals of China. |
| Beirut |  Lebanon | |
| Belgrade |  Serbia | Europe | |
| Belmopan |  Belize | North America | Belize City was the capital of Belize's predecessor,British Honduras. |
| Berlin |  Germany | Europe | Bonn was the capital ofWest Germany and remained theseat of government for reunified Germany until 1999, and is still the primary seat of sixministries. See alsoCapital of Germany. |
| Bern(de facto) |  Switzerland | |
| Bishkek |  Kyrgyzstan | Asia | |
| Bissau |  Guinea-Bissau | Africa | |
| Bloemfontein(judicial) |  South Africa | |
| Cape Town(legislative) | |
| Pretoria(executive) | |
| Bogotá |  Colombia | South America | |
| Brades(de facto) |  Montserrat | North America | British Overseas Territory. Plymouth was abandoned after theSoufrière Hills volcano erupted in 1997. Since then, government offices have been moved toBrades, which is in northwestern Montserrat. A new capital,Little Bay, is currently under construction. |
| Plymouth(de jure) |
| Brasília |  Brazil | South America | Rio de Janeiro was the capital until 1960. See also:Capitals of Brazil. |
| Bratislava |  Slovakia | Europe | |
| Brazzaville |  Congo | Africa | |
| Bridgetown |  Barbados | North America | |
| Brussels |  Belgium
| Europe | Brussels alsoserves asde factocapital of theEuropean Union.[3] |
 European Union(de facto) |
| Bucharest |  Romania | |
| Budapest |  Hungary | See also:List of historical capitals of Hungary. |
| Buenos Aires |  Argentina | South America | |
| Cairo |  Egypt | Africa | A new capital is being built atthe New Capital. It might be named Egypt. See also:List of historical capitals of Egypt. |
| Canberra |  Australia | Oceania | Planned city built to mitigate the rivalry betweenMelbourne (de facto capital at the time) andSydney (economic capital and most populous city), both of which were put forward as potential capitals in the Australasia Federation Conventions of the 1890s.Section 125 of the Constitution gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth, while theSeat of Government Act 1908 specified its precise location. |
| Caracas |  Venezuela | South America | |
| Castries |  Saint Lucia | North America | |
| Charlotte Amalie |  United States Virgin Islands | Territory of the United States. |
| Chișinău |  Moldova | Europe | |
| Ciudad de la Paz |  Equatorial Guinea | Africa | Malabo was the capital until 2026. |
| Cockburn Town |  Turks and Caicos Islands | North America | British Overseas Territory. |
| Colombo(executive, judicial) |  Sri Lanka | Asia | Until 1982, the capital was Colombo, where many governmental institutions remain; it is still designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. See also:Capital of Sri Lanka. |
| Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte(official) | Also known as Kotte, the city is asuburb of Colombo. |
| Conakry |  Guinea | Africa | |
| Copenhagen |  Denmark | Europe | |
| Cotonou(de facto) |  Benin | Africa | |
| Porto-Novo(official) | |
| Dakar |  Senegal | |
| Damascus |  Syria | Asia | |
| Dhaka |  Bangladesh | |
| Dili |  East Timor | |
| Djibouti |  Djibouti | Africa | |
| Dodoma |  Tanzania | Dar es Salaam, the former capital and largest city, still hosts somegovernment ministries, thejudiciary, anddiplomatic missions. |
| Doha |  Qatar | Asia | |
| Douglas |  Isle of Man | Europe | British Crown Dependency. |
| Dublin |  Ireland | |
| Dushanbe |  Tajikistan | Asia | |
| Edinburgh of the Seven Seas |  Tristan da Cunha | | Part of theBritish Overseas Territory ofSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. |
| Flying Fish Cove |  Christmas Island | | External territory ofAustralia. |
| Freetown |  Sierra Leone | Africa | |
| Funafuti |  Tuvalu | Oceania | |
| Gaborone |  Botswana | Africa | |
| George Town |  Cayman Islands | North America | British Overseas Territory. |
| Georgetown |  Ascension Island | | Part of theBritish Overseas Territory ofSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. |
| Georgetown |  Guyana | South America | |
| Gibraltar |  Gibraltar | Europe | British Overseas Territory andcity-state. |
| Gitega(de jure) |  Burundi | Africa | Bujumbura was the capital from 1962 to 2018. |
| Bujumbura(de facto) |
| Guatemala City |  Guatemala | North America | |
| Gustavia |  Saint Barthélemy | Overseas collectivity ofFrance. |
| Hagåtña |  Guam | Oceania | Territory of the United States. |
| Hamilton |  Bermuda | North America | British Overseas Territory. |
| Hanoi |  Vietnam | Asia | See also:List of historical capitals of Vietnam. |
| Harare |  Zimbabwe | Africa | |
| Hargeisa |  Somaliland | De facto independent state, deemed by the UN to bede jure part of Somalia. |
| Havana |  Cuba | North America | |
| Helsinki |  Finland | Europe | |
| Honiara |  Solomon Islands | Oceania | Honiara is a settlement on the island ofGuadalcanal. |
| Islamabad |  Pakistan | Asia | Karachi served as the first capital of Pakistan from 1948. A planned capital, Islamabad, was then designated, and in 1958, as an interim measure, the capital was shifted toRawalpindi, near to the future capital. Islamabad became capital in 1967 when its construction was completed. |
| Jakarta(de facto) |  Indonesia | The capital will be moved toNusantara on Borneo. See also:Capital of Indonesia. |
| Nusantara | |
| Jamestown |  Saint Helena | | Part of theBritish Overseas Territory ofSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. |
| Jerusalem |  Israel | Asia | TheJerusalem Law states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel" and the city serves as the seat of the Israeli government and its institutions.United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem. Nearly all countries currently havetheir embassies in and aroundTel Aviv. Defying theUN,[4] the United Statesrecognized Jerusalem as the capital and movedits embassy there in May 2018.[5] Many countries officially adhere to the proposal that Jerusalem should have international status, as called for in the1947 Partition Plan.[6] |
 Palestine |
| Ramallah(de facto) |
| Juba |  South Sudan | Africa | |
| Kabul |  Afghanistan | Asia | |
| Kampala |  Uganda | Africa | |
| Kathmandu |  Nepal | Asia | |
| Khartoum |  Sudan | Africa | |
| Kigali |  Rwanda | |
| King Edward Point |  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | | British Overseas Territory. |
| Kingston |  Jamaica | North America | |
| Kingston |  Norfolk Island | Oceania | External territory ofAustralia. |
| Kingstown |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | North America | |
| Kinshasa |  Democratic Republic of the Congo | Africa | |
| Kuala Lumpur(de jure, legislative and royal) |  Malaysia | Asia | |
| Putrajaya(administrative and judicial) | |
| Kuwait City |  Kuwait | Asia | |
| Kyiv |  Ukraine | Europe | |
| La Paz(administrative) |  Bolivia | South America | La Paz is thehighest administrative capital (3,650 m) in the world, higher than Quito.[7] |
| Sucre(constitutional) | |
| Laayoune(declared) |  Western Sahara | Africa | De facto independent state contested by both theSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), andMorocco. Laayoune is withinMoroccan-controlled territory while Tifariti is withinSahrawi-controlled territory and serves as thetemporary capital (previouslyBir Lehlou). Some government and military buildings reside in exile inTindouf, Algeria.[8] See also:Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. |
| Tifariti(de facto) |
| Libreville |  Gabon | |
| Lilongwe |  Malawi | |
| Lima |  Peru | South America | Cusco is declared the "historical capital" (Spanish:capital histórica), by Article 49 of thePeruvian Constitution, a merely symbolic statement.Arequipa is deemed the "legal capital" as it is the seat of theConstitutional Court. |
| Lisbon |  Portugal | Europe | |
| Ljubljana |  Slovenia | |
| Lobamba(royal and legislative) |  Eswatini | Africa | |
| Mbabane(administrative) | |
| Lomé |  Togo | |
| London |  United Kingdom | Europe | Prior to theActs of Union in 1707, London was the capital of England only; Edinburgh was the capital of theKingdom of Scotland. The United Kingdom includes the subdivisions of England (capital London), Scotland (capitalEdinburgh), Wales (capitalCardiff), Northern Ireland (capitalBelfast). |
| London(administration) |  British Indian Ocean Territory | Asia | British Overseas Territory. Officially, the British Indian Ocean Territory is administered from London,[9] though some consider the capital to beDiego Garcia.[10] |
| Diego Garcia(de facto) |
| Luanda |  Angola | Africa | |
| Lusaka |  Zambia | |
| Luxembourg |  Luxembourg | Europe | |
| Madrid |  Spain | |
| Majuro |  Marshall Islands | Oceania | Self-governing infree association with theUnited States. The seat of government is atDelap-Uliga-Djarrit, a settlement on the atoll of Majuro. |
| Malé |  Maldives | Asia | |
| Managua |  Nicaragua | North America | |
| Manama |  Bahrain | Asia | |
| Manila |  Philippines | |
| Maputo |  Mozambique | Africa | |
| Mariehamn |  Åland Islands | Europe | Autonomous region ofFinland. |
| Marigot |  Saint Martin | North America | Overseas collectivity ofFrance. |
| Maseru |  Lesotho | Africa | |
| Mata Utu |  Wallis and Futuna | Oceania | Overseas collectivity ofFrance. |
| Mexico City |  Mexico | North America | |
| Minsk |  Belarus | Europe | |
| Mogadishu |  Somalia | Africa | |
| Monaco |  Monaco | Europe | City-state. Monaco does not have a capital designated inits constitution; however, the Commune of Monaco, the country's onlycommune, is coterminous with the nation, making it thede facto capital.[11][12] |
| Monrovia |  Liberia | Africa | |
| Montevideo |  Uruguay | South America | |
| Moroni |  Comoros | Africa | |
| Moscow |  Russia | Europe | Saint Petersburg is residence ofConstitutional Court of Russia |
| Muscat |  Oman | Asia | |
| Nairobi |  Kenya | Africa | |
| Nassau |  Bahamas, The | North America | |
| Naypyidaw |  Myanmar | Asia | Yangon was the capital until 2006.[13] See also:List of capitals of Myanmar. |
| N'Djamena |  Chad | Africa | |
| New Delhi |  India | Asia | Calcutta was the capital ofIndia until 1911 during theBritish Raj. |
| Ngerulmud |  Palau | Oceania | Self-governing infree association with theUnited States.Koror City was the capital until 2006. |
| Niamey |  Niger | Africa | |
| Nicosia |  Cyprus
| Asia | Nicosia is adivided capital, split between Cyprus, which claims the whole city, and theinternationally unrecognized breakaway state of Northern Cyprus. |
 Northern Cyprus |
| Nouakchott |  Mauritania | Africa | |
| Nouméa |  New Caledonia | Oceania | Overseas territory ofFrance. |
| Nukuʻalofa |  Tonga | |
| Nuuk |  Greenland | North America | Self-governing country within theKingdom of Denmark. |
| Oranjestad |  Aruba | South America | Self-governing country within theKingdom of the Netherlands. |
| Oslo |  Norway | Europe | See also:List of historical capitals of Norway. |
| Ottawa |  Canada | North America | |
| Ouagadougou |  Burkina Faso | Africa | |
| Pago Pago |  American Samoa | Oceania | Territory of theUnited States. |
| Palikir |  Micronesia | Self-governing infree association with theUnited States.Kolonia is the former capital andAustralia,China,Japan and theUnited States retain embassies there. |
| Panama City |  Panama | North America | |
| Papeete |  French Polynesia | Oceania | Overseas collectivity ofFrance. |
| Paramaribo |  Suriname[14] | South America | |
| Paris | France | Europe | See also:List of Capitals of France. |
| Philipsburg |  Sint Maarten | North America | Self-governing country within theKingdom of the Netherlands. |
| Phnom Penh |  Cambodia | Asia | |
| Podgorica |  Montenegro | Europe | Cetinje has been designated the "Old Royal Capital" and is the present seat of thePresident. |
| Port Louis |  Mauritius | Africa | |
| Port Moresby |  Papua New Guinea | Oceania | |
| Port of Spain |  Trinidad and Tobago | South America | |
| Port Vila |  Vanuatu | Oceania | |
| Port-au-Prince |  Haiti | North America | |
| Prague |  Czech Republic | Europe | TheSupreme Court of the Czech Republic is located inBrno.[15] |
| Praia |  Cape Verde | Africa | |
| Pristina |  Kosovo | Europe | De facto independent state claimed entirely bySerbia as part of itsAutonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. |
| Pyongyang |  North Korea | Asia | |
| Quito |  Ecuador | South America | Highest official capital (2,850 m).[7] |
| Rabat |  Morocco | Africa | |
| Reykjavík |  Iceland | Europe | |
| Riga |  Latvia | |
| Riyadh |  Saudi Arabia | Asia | |
| Road Town |  British Virgin Islands | North America | British Overseas Territory. |
| Rome |  Italy | Europe | |
| Roseau |  Dominica | North America | |
| Rothera |  British Antarctic Territory | Antarctica | British Overseas Territory |
| Saipan |  Northern Mariana Islands | Oceania | Territory of theUnited States. The seat of government is atCapitol Hill, a settlement on the island of Saipan. |
| San José |  Costa Rica | North America | |
| San Juan |  Puerto Rico | Territory of theUnited States. |
| San Marino |  San Marino | Europe | |
| San Salvador |  El Salvador | North America | |
| Santiago |  Chile | South America | TheNational Congress of Chile is located inValparaíso. |
| Santo Domingo |  Dominican Republic | North America | |
| São Tomé |  São Tomé and Príncipe | Africa | |
| Sarajevo |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | |
| Seoul |  South Korea | Asia | On 2 July 2012, some government functions moved toSejong City, which became thede facto administrative capital. |
| Singapore |  Singapore | City-state. |
| Skopje |  North Macedonia | Europe | |
| Sofia |  Bulgaria | |
| South Tarawa |  Kiribati | Oceania | South Tarawa is a settlement on the atoll ofTarawa. |
| St. George's |  Grenada | North America | |
| St. Helier |  Jersey | Europe | BritishCrown Dependency. |
| St. John's[16][17] |  Antigua and Barbuda | North America | |
| St. Peter Port |  Guernsey | Europe | BritishCrown Dependency. |
| St. Pierre |  Saint Pierre and Miquelon | North America | Overseas collectivity ofFrance. |
| Stanley |  Falkland Islands | South America | British Overseas Territory. |
| Stockholm |  Sweden | Europe | |
| Sukhumi |  Abkhazia | Asia/Europe | De facto independent statewith partial recognition claimed in whole byGeorgia as theAutonomous Republic of Abkhazia. |
| Suva |  Fiji | Oceania | |
| Taipei |  Taiwan | Asia | De facto independent state, officially called the Republic of China, in competition with thePeople's Republic of China for recognition as thesole Chinese government since 1949. Taiwan controls theisland of Taiwan and theassociated islands Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of theSpratly Islands.[Note 1] Its territory is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[Note 2] The Republic of China participates in a number of international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonlyChinese Taipei. |
| Tallinn |  Estonia | Europe | |
| Tashkent |  Uzbekistan | Asia | |
| Tbilisi |  Georgia | Asia/Europe | From 2012 to 2018,Kutaisi served as Georgia's legislative capital. Additionally,Mtskheta is sometimes called an "ancient capital" of Georgia.[18][19] |
| Tegucigalpa |  Honduras | North America | Comayagüela is declared in theHonduran Constitution as co-official capital with Tegucigalpa.[20] The cities have since merged into a single urban area. |
| Comayagüela |
| Tehran |  Iran | Asia | |
| Thimphu |  Bhutan | |
| Tirana |  Albania | Europe | |
| Tiraspol |  Transnistria | De facto independent state,recognized by only non UN members. Claimed in whole byMoldova as the autonomous territorial unit ofAdministrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester |
| Tokyo |  Japan | Asia | See also:Capital of Japan. |
| Tórshavn |  Faroe Islands | Europe | Self-governing country within theKingdom of Denmark. |
| Tripoli |  Libya | Africa | |
| Tskhinvali |  South Ossetia | Asia/Europe | De facto independent statewith limited recognition. Claimed in whole byGeorgia as theProvisional Administration of South Ossetia. |
| Tunis |  Tunisia | Africa | |
| Ulaanbaatar |  Mongolia | Asia | |
| Vaduz |  Liechtenstein | Europe | |
| Valletta |  Malta | |
| The Valley |  Anguilla | North America | British Overseas Territory. |
| Vatican City |  Vatican City | Europe | City-state. |
| Victoria |  Seychelles | Africa | |
| Vienna |  Austria | Europe | |
| Vientiane |  Laos | Asia | |
| Vilnius |  Lithuania | Europe | |
| Warsaw |  Poland | Former capitals listed inTemplate:Historical capitals of Poland. |
| Washington, D.C. |  United States | North America | The capital of the United States has moved several times. See also:National capitals of the United States. |
| Wellington |  New Zealand | Oceania | Since 1865. Wellington is New Zealand's third capital. See also:Capital of New Zealand. |
| West Island |  Cocos (Keeling) Islands | | External territory ofAustralia. |
| Willemstad |  Curaçao | | Self-governing country within theKingdom of the Netherlands. |
| Windhoek |  Namibia | Africa | |
| Yaoundé |  Cameroon | |
| Yaren(de facto) |  Nauru | Oceania | Nauru has no official capital, nor cities; the government offices are in Yaren district. |
| Yerevan |  Armenia | Asia/Europe | |
| Zagreb |  Croatia | Europe | |
