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List of national anthems

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the anthems of nation states. For anthems of other territories, includingconstituent countries, seeList of regional anthems.

Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, the composer of the French national anthem "La Marseillaise", sings it for the first time. The anthem is one of the earliest to be adopted by a modern state, in 1795.

Mostnation states have ananthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism";[1] most anthems are eithermarches orhymns in style. A song or hymn can become anational anthem under the state's constitution, by a law enacted by its legislature, or simply by tradition.[2] Aroyal anthem is a patriotic song similar to a national anthem, but it specifically praises or prays for a monarch or royaldynasty. Such anthems are usually performed at public appearances by the monarch or during other events of royal importance.[3] Some states use their royal anthem as the national anthem, such as thestate anthem of Jordan.

Anthems became increasingly popular amongEuropean states in the 18th century.[4] In 1795, theFrench First Republic adopted "La Marseillaise" as its national anthem by decree, making France the first country in history to have an official national anthem.[5] Some anthems are older in origin but were not officially adopted until the 19th or 20th century. For example, the Japanese anthem, "Kimigayo", employs the oldest lyrics of any national anthem, taking its words from the "Kokin Wakashū", which was first published in 905, yet these words were not set to music until 1880.[6] The national anthem of the Netherlands, the "Wilhelmus", contains a melody and lyrics dating back to the 16th century, but it was not officially adopted as the country's national anthem until 1932.[7]

National anthems are usually written in the most common language of the state, whetherde facto orofficial. States with multiple national languages may offer several versions of their anthem. For instance,Switzerland's national anthem has different lyrics for each of the country's four official languages:French,German,Italian, andRomansh.[8] One ofNew Zealand'stwo national anthems is commonly sung with the first verse inMāori ("Aotearoa") and the second inEnglish ("God Defend New Zealand"). The tune is the same but the lyrics have different meanings.South Africa's national anthem is unique in that it is two different songs put together with five of the country's eleven official languages being used, in which each language comprises astanza.[9]

Denmark andNew Zealand are two countries with two official national anthems of equal status.Denmark has two anthems,Der er et yndigt land ("There is a Lovely Country") andKong Christian stod ved højen mast ("King Christian stood by the lofty mast").Der er et yndigt land is considered the civil national anthem and is often played at civil and sports events.Kong Christian stod ved højen mast is both a royal and national anthem.New Zealand has two anthems,God Defend New Zealand andGod Save the King. God Defend New Zealand was added in 1977 after a petition to Parliament andQueen Elizabeth II's approval. The two anthems are almost never sung together. Usually the first verse ofGod Defend New Zealand is sung inMāori ("Aotearoa") and the second inEnglish.

India has both a national anthem,Jana-gana-mana, and a national song,Vande Mataram.Jana-gana-mana was originally written inBengali byRabindranath Tagore in 1911 and adopted as the national anthem in 1950.Vande Mataram was composed inSanskritised Bengali byBankimchandra Chatterjee in the 1870s and inspired people during their fight for freedom.

UN member states and observer states

[edit]
StateNational anthem[a]Date adopted (de jure)LyricistComposer/ArtistAudioLengthRef.
Afghanistan"Dā də Bātorāno Kor"
("This is the Home of the Brave")		1996, 2021de factoUnknown
"Dā də Bātorāno Kor"
4m 26s[12][13]
Albania"Himni i Flamurit"
("The Hymn of the Flag")		1912Aleksandër Stavre DrenovaCiprian Porumbescu
"Himni i Flamurit"
1m 6s[14]
Algeria"Kassaman"
("We Pledge")		1962, 2008Moufdi ZakariaMohamed Fawzi
 "Kassaman"
1m 13s[15]
Andorra"El gran Carlemany"
("The Great Charlemagne")		1921Enric Marfany BonsJuan Benlloch y Vivó
"El Gran Carlemany"
1m 6s[16]
Angola"Angola Avante"
("Onward Angola")		1975Manuel Rui Alves MonteiroRui Mingas [pt]
"Angola Avante"
1m 4s[17]
Antigua and Barbuda"Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee"1967, 1981de factoNovelle RichardsWalter P. Chambers
"Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee"
1m 1s[18][19]
Argentina"Himno Nacional Argentino"
("Argentine National Anthem")		1813Vicente López y PlanesBlas Parera
"Himno Nacional Argentino"
3m 33s[20][21]
Armenia"Mer Hayrenik"
("Our Fatherland")		1918, 1991Mikael NalbandianBarsegh Kanachyan
"Mer Hayrenik"
0m 28s (one verse)[22]
Australia"Advance Australia Fair"[b]1974, 1984Peter Dodds McCormick
"Advance Australia Fair"
0m 54s[23][24]
Austria"Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Austria")		1946 (as instrumental)
1947 (with lyrics)		Paula von PreradovićWolfgang Amadeus Mozart/Johann Holzer [de]
"National Anthem of the Republic of Austria"
1m 29s[25]
Azerbaijan"Azərbaycan marşı"
("Azerbaijan's Anthem")		1920, 1992Ahmed JavadUzeyir Hajibeyov
"Azərbaycan Dövlət Himni"
2m 12s[26][27]
Bahamas"March On, Bahamaland"[b]1973Timothy Gibson
 "March On, Bahamaland"
1m 15s[28][29]
Bahrain"Bahrainona"
("Our Bahrain")		1971Mohamed Sudqi AyyashUnknown
"Our Bahrain"
0m 49s[30]
Bangladesh"Amar Shonar Bangla"
("My Golden Bengal")		1971 (provisional)
1972 (official)		Rabindranath TagoreSamar Das
"Amar Shonar Bangla"
2m 15s[31]
Barbados"In Plenty and In Time of Need"1966Irving BurgieC. Van Roland Edwards
"In Plenty and In Time of Need"
1m 19s[32]
Belarus"My Belarusy"
("We, the Belarusians")[c]		1955 (music)
2002 (with current lyrics)		Michael KlimovichNestar Sakalowski
"My Belarusy"
3m 32s[33][34]
Belgium"La Brabançonne"
("The Brabantian")		1860Jenneval (Louis-Alexandre Dechet)François Van Campenhout
"The Brabançonne"
1m 3s[35][36]
Belize"Land of the Free"1981Samuel Alfred HaynesSelwyn Walford Young
"Land of the Free"
2m 42s[37]
Benin"L'Aube Nouvelle"
("The Dawn of a New Day")		1960Gilbert Jean Dagnon
"L'Aube Nouvelle"
1m 8s[38]
Bhutan"Druk Tsenden"
("The Thunder Dragon Kingdom")		1953Dasho Gyaldun ThinleyAku Tongmi1m 45s[39][40]
Bolivia"Himno Nacional de Bolivia"
("National Anthem of Bolivia")		1851José Ignacio de SanjinésLeopoldo Benedetto Vincenti
"Himno Nacional de Bolivia"
1m 41s[41]
Bosnia and Herzegovina"Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine"
("The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina")		1999 (de facto)
2001 (de jure)		Awaiting official approvalDušan Šestić0m 25s[42]
Botswana"Fatshe leno la rona"
("Blessed Be This Noble Land")		1966Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete
"Fatshe leno la rona"
0m 57s[43]
Brazil"Hino Nacional Brasileiro"
("Brazilian National Anthem")		1890
1922 (lyrics adopted)		Joaquim Osório Duque EstradaFrancisco Manuel da Silva
"Hino Nacional Brasileiro"
3m 21s[44]
Brunei"Allah Peliharakan Sultan"
("God Bless the Sultan")		1984Pengiran Haji Mohamed Yusuf bin Abdul RahimBesar bin Sagap
 "Allah Peliharakan Sultan"
1m 5s[45]
Bulgaria"Mila Rodino"
("Dear Motherland")		1964Tsvetan Radoslavov
"Mila Rodino"
2m 1s[46]
Burkina Faso"Une Seule Nuit"
("One Single Night")		1984Thomas Sankara
Une Seule Nuit
1m 47s[47]
Burundi"Burundi Bwacu"
("Our Burundi")		1962Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja and othersMarc Barengayabo
"Burundi Bwacu"
1m 50s[48]
Cambodia"Nokor Reach"
("Royal Kingdom")		1941, 1975, 1993SamdachChuon NatF. Perruchot and J. Jekyll
"Nokoreach"
1m 30s[49]
Cameroon"O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres"
("O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers")		1957 (French version)
1978 (English version)		René Djam Afame, Samuel Minkio Bamba, Moïse Nyatte Nko'o (French),
DrBernard Fonlon (English)		René Djam Afame
 "O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers"
0m 58s[50]
Canada"O Canada"
("Ô Canada")[b]		1980Adolphe-Basile Routhier (French);
Robert Stanley Weir (English)		Calixa Lavallée
 "O Canada"
1m 23s[51][52][53]
Cape Verde"Cântico da Liberdade"
("Song of Freedom")		1996Amílcar Spencer LopesAdalberto Higino Tavares Silva
"Cântico da Liberdade"
1m 11s[54]
Central African Republic"La Renaissance"
("The Rebirth")		1960Barthélémy BogandaHerbert Pepper
”La Renaissance
1m 6s[55]
Chad"La Tchadienne"
("People of Chad")		1960Louis Gidrol and othersPaul Villard
"La Tchadienne"
1m 1s[56]
Chile"Himno Nacional de Chile"
("National Anthem of Chile")		1828Eusebio LilloRamón Carnicer
"Himno Nacional de Chile"
2m 2s[57]
China"Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ"
("March of the Volunteers")		1949 (provisional)
1982 (official)
2004 (constitutional)		Tian HanNie Er
"Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ"
0m 44s[58]
Colombia"Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia")		1920Rafael NúñezOreste Sindici
"Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia"
2m 41s[59]
Comoros"Udzima wa ya Masiwa"
("The Union of the Great Islands")		1978Said Hachim Sidi AbderemaneSaid Hachim Sidi Abderemane and Kamildine Abdallah
"Udzima wa ya Masiwa"
1m 37s[60]
Democratic Republic of the Congo"Debout Congolais"
("Arise Congolese")		1960,1997Joseph LutumbaSimon-Pierre Boka di Mpasi Londi
"Debout Congolais"
1m 27s[61]
Republic of the Congo"La Congolaise"
("The Congolese")		1959,1991Jacques Tondra and Georges KibanghiJean Royer and Joseph Spadilière
 "La Congolaise"
1m 15s[62]
Costa Rica"Himno Nacional de Costa Rica"
("National Anthem of Costa Rica")		1852José María Zeledón BrenesManuel María Gutiérrez
"Himno Nacional de Costa Rica"
1m 50s[63]
Croatia"Lijepa naša domovino"
("Our Beautiful Homeland")[d]		1972Antun MihanovićJosip Runjanin
"Lijepa naša domovino"
0m 59s[64][65]
Cuba"El Himno de Bayamo"
("The Anthem of Bayamo")		1902, 1909Perucho Figueredo
 "El Himno de Bayamo"
0m 53s[66]
Cyprus"Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían"
("Hymn to Liberty")[e][f]		1966Dionýsios SolomósNikolaos Mantzaros
"Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían"
0m 45s[67]
Czech Republic"Kde domov můj"
("Where My Home is")[g]		1918, 1990Josef Kajetán TylFrantišek Škroup
"Kde domov můj"
1m 12s[68][69]
Denmark"Kong Christian stod ved højen mast"[h]
("King Christian stood by the lofty mast")		1780Johannes EwaldUnknown
"Kong Christian stod ved højen mast"
1m 11s[71][70]
"Der er et yndigt land"[i]
("There is a lovely land")		1835Adam OehlenschlägerHans Ernst Krøyer
"Der er et yndigt land"
1m 20s[71][70]
Djibouti"Djibouti"1977Aden ElmiAbdi Robleh
"Djibouti"
0m 48s[72]
Dominica"Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour"1978Wilfred Oscar Morgan PondLemuel McPherson Christian
"Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour"
0m 49s[73]
Dominican Republic"Himno Nacional"
("National Anthem")		1934Emilio Prud'HommeJosé Rufino Reyes y Siancas
"Himno Nacional"
1m 37s[74]
East Timor"Pátria"
("Fatherland")		1975, 2002Francisco Borja da CostaAfonso de Araujo
 "Pátria"
2m 9s[75]
Ecuador"Salve, Oh Patria"
("Hail, Oh Fatherland")		1948Juan León MeraAntonio Neumane
"Salve, Oh Patria"
3m 19s[76]
Egypt"Bilady, Bilady, Bilady"
("My Country, My Country, My Country")		1923
1952 (unofficial)
1979 (official)		Mohamed Younis Al-Qady
(adapted from a speech by
Mustafa Kamil)		Sayed Darwish
"Bilady, Bilady, Bilady"
1m 26s[77]
El Salvador"Himno Nacional de El Salvador"
("National Anthem of El Salvador")		1879 (de facto)
1953 (de jure)		Juan José CañasJuan Aberle
"Himno Nacional de El Salvador"
4m 14s[78]
Equatorial Guinea"Caminemos pisando las sendas de nuestra inmensa felicidad"
("Let Us Tread the Path of our Immense Happiness")		1968Atanasio Ndongo MiyoneRamiro Sánchez Lopes
 "Caminemos pisando las sendas de nuestra inmensa felicidad"
1m 54s[79]
Eritrea"Ertra, Ertra, Ertra"
("Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea")		1993Solomon Tsehaye BerakiIsaac Abraham Meharezghi and Aron Tekle Tesfatsion
"Ertra, Ertra, Ertra"
1m 59s[80]
Estonia"Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm"
("My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy")		1920, 1990Johann Voldemar JannsenFredrik Pacius
"Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm"
0m 32s[81][82]
Eswatini"Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati"
("O Lord our God of the Swazi")		1968Andrease Enoke Fanyana SimelaneDavid Kenneth Rycroft
"Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati"
1m 8s[83]
Ethiopia"Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya"
("March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia")		1992Dereje Melaku MengeshaSolomon Lulu Mitiku
"Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya"
1m 24s[84][85]
Fiji"Meda Dau Doka"
("God Bless Fiji")		1970Michael Francis Alexander PrescottCharles Austin Miles
"Meda Dau Doka"
1m 26s[86]
FinlandFinnish: "Maamme"
Swedish: "Vårt Land"
("Our Land")		1917[j]Johan Ludvig Runeberg (Swedish)
Paavo Cajander (Finnish)		Fredrik Pacius
"Maamme"
0m 46s[87]
France"La Marseillaise"
("The Marseillaise")		1795, 1870Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
"La Marseillaise"
1m 19s[88]
Gabon"La Concorde"
("The Concorde")		1960Georges Aleka Damas
"La Concorde"
1m 45s[89]
The Gambia"For The Gambia Our Homeland"1965Virginia Julie HoweJeremy Frederick Howe
"For The Gambia Our Homeland"
1m 20s[90]
Georgia"Tavisupleba"
("Freedom")		2004David MagradzeZakaria Paliashvili
 "Tavisupleda"
1m 26s[91]
Germany"Lied der Deutschen"
("Song of the Germans")[k]		1922, 1952August Heinrich Hoffmann von FallerslebenJoseph Haydn
"Lied der Deutschen"
1m 20s[92]
Ghana"God Bless Our Homeland Ghana"1957Government committeePhilip Gbeho
"God Bless Our Homeland Ghana"
0m 57s[93]
Greece"Hýmnos is tin Eleftherían"
("Hymn to Liberty" or "Hymn to Freedom")[e]		1865Dionýsios SolomósNikolaos Mantzaros
"Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían"
0m 45s[94]
Grenada"Hail Grenada"1974Irva Merle BaptisteLouis Arnold Masanto
"Hail Grenada"
1m 17s[95]
Guatemala"Himno Nacional de Guatemala"
("National Anthem of Guatemala")		1897José Joaquín PalmaRafael Álvarez Ovalle
"Himno Nacional de Guatemala"
1m 38s[96]
Guinea"Liberté"
("Freedom")		1958UnknownKodofo Moussa
"Liberté"
1m 12s[97]
Guinea-Bissau"Esta É a Nossa Pátria Amada"
("This Is Our Beloved Country")		1974Amílcar CabralXiao He1m 1s[98]
Guyana"Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains"1966Archibald Leonard LukerRobert Cyril Gladstone Potter
"Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains"
0m 53s[99]
Haiti"La Dessalinienne"
("Song of Dessalines")		1904Justin LhérissonNicolas Geffrard
"La Dessalinienne"
0m 37s[100]
Honduras"Himno Nacional de Honduras"
("National Anthem of Honduras")		1915Augusto Constancio CoelloCarlos Hartling
"Himno Nacional de Honduras"
2m 47s[101]
Hungary"Himnusz"
("Hymn")		1844 (de facto)
1989 (de jure)		Ferenc KölcseyFerenc Erkel
 "Himnusz"
1m 41s[102][103]
Iceland"Lofsöngur"
("Hymn")		1944Matthías JochumssonSveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson
"Lofsöngur"
1m 39s[104]
India"Jana Gana Mana"
("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People")		1950Rabindranath TagoreRam Singh Thakuri
"Jana Gana Mana"
0m 52s[105]
Indonesia"Indonesia Raya"
("Indonesia the Great")		1945 (original)
1950 (official)		Wage Rudolf Soepratman
"Indonesia Raya"
1m 43s[106]
Iran"Soroud-e Melli-e Jomhouri-e Eslami-e Iran"
("National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran")		1990Sayed BagheriHassan Riyahi
 "Mehr-e Khâvarân"
0m 57s[107]
Iraq"Mawtini"("My Homeland")2004Ibrahim TouqanMohammed Flayfel
"Mawtini"
1m 45s[108]
Ireland"Amhrán na bhFiann"
("The Soldier's Song")		1926Peadar Kearney (English)
Liam Ó Rinn (Irish)		Peadar Kearney andPatrick Heeney
"Amhrán na bhFiann"
0m 59s[109]
Israel"Hatikvah"
("The Hope")		1948Naftali Herz ImberSamuel Cohen
"HaTikvah"
1m 14s[110]
Italy"Il Canto degli Italiani"
("The Song of the Italians")		1946 (de facto)
2017 (de jure)		Goffredo MameliMichele Novaro
"Il Canto degli Italiani"
1m 39s[111][112]
Ivory Coast"L'Abidjanaise"
("Song of Abidjan")		1960Mathieu Vangah Ekra [fr],Joachim Bony [fr]
andPierre Marie Coty [fr]		Pierre-Michel Pango [fr]
"L'Abidjanaise"
1m 9s[113]
Jamaica"Jamaica, Land We Love"[b]1962Hugh SherlockRobert Lightbourne
 "Jamaica, Land We Love"
1m 21s[114]
Japan"Kimigayo"
("His Majesty's Reign")[115]		1869 (original music)
1870 (lyrics)
1880 (current music)
1999 (law)		TraditionalWaka poem from theKokin Wakashū (first published in 905)Yoshiisa Oku and Akimori Hayashi; usually credited toHiromori Hayashi
"Kimi ga Yo"
0m 59s[116]
Jordan"Al-salam Al-malaki Al-urdoni"
("The Royal Anthem of Jordan")		1946Abdul Monem Al-RefaiAbdul Qader al-Taneer
"Al-salam Al-malaki Al-urdoni"
0m 36s[117]
Kazakhstan"Meniñ Qazaqstanım"
("My Kazakhstan")		2006Zhumeken Nazhimedenov
(with modifications by
Nursultan Nazarbayev)		Shamshi Kaldayakov
"Meniñ Qazaqstanım"
1m 50s[118]
Kenya"Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"
("Oh God of All Creation")		1963Graham Hyslop, G. W. Senoga-Zake, Thomas Kalume, Peter Kibukosya, and Washington OmondiThe Anthem Commission
 "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"
1m 52s[119]
Kiribati"Kunan Kiribati"
("Song of Kiribati")		1979Tamuera Ioteba Uriam
 "Teirake Kaini Kiribati"
0m 45s[120]
North Korea"Aegukka"
("The Patriotic Song")		1947Pak SeyŏngKim Wŏn'gyun
"Aegukka"
1m 42s[121]
South Korea"Aegukga"
("The Patriotic Song")		1948An Chang-hoAhn Eak-tae
 "Aegukga"
0m 57s[122]
Kuwait"Al-Nasheed Al-Watani"
("National Anthem")		1978Ahmad Meshari Al-AdwaniIbrahim Al-Soula
"Al-Nasheed Al-Watani"
0m 35s[123]
Kyrgyzstan"Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni"
("National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic")		1992Djamil Sadykov and Eshmambet KuluevNasyr Davlesov and Kalyi Moldobasanov
"Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni"
2m 3s[124]
Laos"Pheng Xat Lao"
("Hymn of the Lao People")		1945Sisana SisaneThongdy Sounthonevichit
"Pheng Xat Lao"
0m 50s[125]
Latvia"Dievs, svētī Latviju!"
("God Bless Latvia")		1920, 1990Kārlis Baumanis
"Dievs, svētī Latviju!"
1m 45s[126]
Lebanon"Lebanese National Anthem"1927Rashid NakhleWadia Sabra
"Lebanese National Anthem"
0m 51s[127]
Lesotho"Lesotho Fatše La Bontata Rona"
("Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers")		1967François CoillardFerdinand-Samuel Laur
 "Lesotho Fatše La Bontata Rona"
0m 43s[128]
Liberia"All Hail, Liberia, Hail!"1847Daniel Bashiel WarnerOlmstead Luca
"All Hail, Liberia, Hail!"
1m 28s[129]
Libya"Libya, Libya, Libya"2011Al Bashir Al ArebiMohammed Abdel Wahab
"Libya, Libya, Libya!"
1m 8s[130]
Liechtenstein"Oben am jungen Rhein"
("High on the young Rhine")		1963Jakob Josef JauchUnknown[l]
"Oben am jungen Rhein"
1m 25s[131]
Lithuania"Tautiška giesmė"
("National Song")		1919, 1988Vincas Kudirka
"Tautiška giesmė"
1m 47s[132]
Luxembourg"Ons Heemecht"
("Our Homeland")		1895 (de facto)
1993 (de jure)		Michel LentzJean Antoine Zinnen
"Ons Heemecht"
1m 24s[133]
Madagascar"Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!"
("Oh, Beloved Land of our Ancestors")		1959Pastor RahajasonNorbert Raharisoa
"Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!"
1m 2s[134]
Malawi"Mulungu dalitsa Malaŵi"
("God Bless Malawi")		1964Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka
"Mulungu dalitsa Malaŵi"
0m 52s[135]
Malaysia"Negaraku"
("My Country")		1957multiplePierre-Jean de Béranger
"Negaraku"
1m 24s[136]
Maldives"Gaumii salaam"
("National Salute")		1972Mohamed Jameel DidiPandit Wannakuwattawaduge Don Amaradeva
"Gaumii salaam"
1m 8s[137]
Mali"Le Mali"
("Mali")		1962Seydou Badian KouyateBanzumana Sissoko
"Le Mali"
1m 19s[138]
Malta"L-Innu Malti"
("The Maltese Hymn")		1964Dun Karm PsailaRobert Samut
"L-Innu Malti"
0m 49s[139]
Marshall Islands"Forever Marshall Islands"1991Amata Kabua
"Forever Marshall Islands"
2m 18s[140]
Mauritania"Bilada-l ubati-l hudati-l kiram"
("Country of the Proud, Guiding Noblemen")		2017UnknownRageh Daoud
Bilada-l ubati-l hudati-l kiram
1m 27s[141]
Mauritius"Motherland"1968Jean Georges ProsperPhilippe Gentil (M.B.E. Esq.)
"Motherland"
0m 59s[142]
Mexico"Himno Nacional Mexicano"
("Mexican National Anthem")		1943Francisco González BocanegraJaime Nunó
"Himno Nacional Mexicano"
1m 42s[143]
Micronesia"Patriots of Micronesia"1991UnknownTraditional German song (Ich hab' mich ergeben)
"Patriots of Micronesia"
0m 36s[144]
Moldova"Limba noastră"
("Our Language")		1994 (unofficial)
1995		Alexei MateeviciAlexandru Cristea
"Limba noastră"
1m 11s[145]
Monaco"Hymne Monégasque"
("Monégasque Anthem")		1848Louis NotariCharles Albrecht
"Hymne Monégasque"
1m 18s[146]
Mongolia"Mongol ulsiin töriin duulal"
("National Anthem of Mongolia")		1950Tsendiin DamdinsürenBilegiin Damdinsüren andLuvsanjambyn Mördorj
"Mongol ulsiin töriin duulal"
2m 6s[147]
Montenegro"Oj, svijetla majska zoro"
("O, Bright Dawn of May")		2004folk songŽarko Mirković
"Oj, svijetla majska zoro"
2m 5s[148][149]
Morocco"An-Nashid As-Sharif"
("Cherifian Anthem")		1956Ali Squalli HoussainiLéo Morgan
"Cherifian Anthem"
1m 8s[150]
Mozambique"Pátria Amada"
("Beloved Homeland")		2002Salomão J. Manhiça andMia CoutoJustino Sigaulane Chemane
 "Pátria Amada"
1m 1s[151]
Myanmar"Kaba Ma Kyei"
("Until the End of the World")		1947U Sein Mya Maung[152][153]YMB Saya Tin
”Kaba Ma Kyei”
0m 40s[154]
Namibia"Namibia, Land of the Brave"1991Axali Doëseb
 "Namibia, Land of the Brave"
1m 29s[155]
Nauru"Nauru Bwiema"
("Song of Nauru")		1968Margaret HendrieLaurence Henry Hicks
"Nauru Bwiema"
1m 18s[156]
  Nepal"Sayaun Thunga Phulka"
("Made of Hundreds of Flowers")		2007Byakul MailaAmber Gurung
"Sayaun Thunga Phulka"
1m 10s[157]
Netherlands"Wilhelmus"
("William")		1932Philips of Marnix, orDirck Coornhert orPetrus DathenusAdrianus Valerius
"The Wilhelmus"
1m 5s[158]
New Zealand"God Defend New Zealand"[b]1940(national hymn)
1977(national anthem)
Thomas Bracken (English version)

Thomas H. Smith (Māori version)		John Joseph Woods
"God Defend New Zealand"
1m 3s[159]
"God Save the King"1977Unknown
"God Save the King"
1m 3s
Nicaragua"Salve a ti, Nicaragua"
("Hail to Thee, Nicaragua")		1939, 1971Salomón Ibarra MayorgaLuis A. Delgadillo
"Salve a ti, Nicaragua"
0m 56s[160]
Niger"L'Honneur de la Patrie"
("The Honour of the Fatherland")		2023Unknown
"L'Honneur de la Patrie"
1m 24s[161]
Nigeria"Nigeria, We Hail Thee"1960, 2024Lillian Jean WilliamsFrances Berda
"Nigeria, We Hail Thee"
1m 28s[162]
North Macedonia"Denes nad Makedonija"
("Today over Macedonia")		1992Vlado MaleskiTodor Skalovski
"Denes nad Makedonija"
0m 50s[163]
Norway"Ja, vi elsker dette landet"
("Yes, We Love This Country")[m]		1864 (de facto)
2019 (de jure)[n]		Bjørnstjerne BjørnsonRikard Nordraak
"Ja, vi elsker dette landet"
1m 2s[164][165]
Oman"Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani"
("Sultanic Salute")
1970Rashid bin Uzayyiz Al KhusaidiJames Frederick Mills, arranged by Bernard Ebbinghaus
"Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani"
1m 54s[166]
Pakistan"Qaumī Tarāna"
("National Anthem")		1954Hafeez JullundhriAhmed Ghulamali Chagla
"Qaumī Tarāna"
1m 22s[167]
Palau"Belau rekid"
("Our Palau")		1981multipleYmesei O. Ezekiel
 "Belau rekid"
0m 52s[168][169]
Palestine"Fida'i"
("Fida'i")		1996Said Al MuzayinAli Ismael
”Fida’i”
0m 58s[170]
Panama"Himno Istmeño"
("Hymn of the Isthmus")		1906Jeronimo de la OssaSantos Jorge
"Himno Istmeño"
1m 50s[171]
Papua New Guinea"O Arise, All You Sons"[b]1975Tom Shacklady
"O Arise, All You Sons"
0m 58s[172]
Paraguay"Himno Nacional Paraguayo"
("Paraguayan National Anthem")		1846Francisco Acuña de FigueroaFrancisco José Debali
"Paraguayos, República o Muerte"
3m 11s[173]
Peru"Himno Nacional del Perú"
("National Anthem of Peru")		1821José de la Torre Ugarte y AlarcónJose Bernardo Alcedo
"Himno Nacional del Perú"
3m 9s[174]
Philippines"Lupang Hinirang"
("Chosen Land")		1898José PalmaJulián Felipe
"Lupang Hinirang"
1m 2s[175]
Poland"Mazurek Dąbrowskiego"
("Poland Is Not Yet Lost")[o]		1927Józef Wybicki
"Mazurek Dąbrowskiego"
0m 43s[176]
Portugal"A Portuguesa"
("The Portuguese")		1910Henrique Lopes de MendonçaAlfredo Keil
"A Portuguesa"
1m 18s[177]
Qatar"As Salam al Amiri"
("Peace to the Amir")		1996Sheikh Mubarak bin Saïf al-ThaniAbdul Aziz Nasser Obaidan
"As Salam Al Amiri"
1m 27s[178]
Romania"Deșteaptă-te, române!"
("Awaken Thee, Romanian!")		1990Andrei MureșanuAnton Pann and Gheorghe Ucenescu
"Deșteaptă-te, române!"
2m 19s[179]
Russia"Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii"
("State Hymn of the Russian Federation")		2000Sergey MikhalkovAlexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov
"Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii"
1m 22s[180]
Rwanda"Rwanda Nziza"
("Beautiful Rwanda")		2002Faustin MurigoJean-Bosco Hashakimana
"Rwanda Nziza"
2m 19s[181]
Saint Kitts and Nevis"O Land of Beauty!"[b]1983Kenrick Georges
"O Land of Beauty!"
1m 3s[182]
Saint Lucia"Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia"1979Charles JesseLeton Felix Thomas
"Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia"
0m 43s[183]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"Saint Vincent, Land so beautiful"1979Phyllis PunnettJoel Bertram Miguel
"Saint Vincent, Land so Beautiful"
0m 51s[184][185]
Samoa"The Banner of Freedom"1962Sauni Iiga Kuresa
"The Banner of Freedom"
1m 13s[186]
San Marino"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica"
("The National Anthem of the Republic")		1894No official lyricsFederico Consolo
"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica"
0m 54s[187]
São Tomé and Príncipe"Independência total"
("Total Independence")		1975Alda Neves da Graça do Espírito SantoManuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e Almeida
"Independência total"
2m 5s[188]
Saudi Arabia"As-Salam Al Malaki"
("The Royal Salute")		1950Ibrahim KhafajiAbdul Rahman Al-Khateeb
 "As-Salam Al Malaki"
0m 38s[189]
Senegal"Le Lion rouge"
("The Red Lion")		1960Léopold Sédar SenghorHerbert Pepper
"Pincez tous vos koras, frappez les balafons"
0m 56s[190]
Serbia"Bože pravde"
("God of Justice")		1882, 2004Jovan ĐorđevićDavorin Jenko
"Bože pravde"
1m 43s[191]
Seychelles"Koste Seselwa"
("Join together all Seychellois")		1996David François Marc André and George Charles Robert Payet
"Koste Seselwa"
1m 7s[192]
Sierra Leone"High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free"1961Clifford Nelson FyleJohn Akar
"High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free"
0m 46s[193]
Singapore"Majulah Singapura"
("Onward Singapore")		1959Zubir Said
"Majulah Singapura"
1m 19s[194]
Slovakia"Nad Tatrou sa blýska"
("Lightning Over the Tatras")[g]		1993Janko MatúškaUnknown; folk tune
"Nad Tatrou sa blýska"
1m 18s[195][196]
Slovenia"Zdravljica"
("A Toast")[p]		1989 (as regional anthem)
1994 (as national anthem)		France PrešerenStanko Premrl
 "Zdravljica"
0m 56s[197]
Solomon Islands"God Save Our Solomon Islands"[b]1978Panapasa Balekana andMatila BalekanaPanapasa Balekana
"God Save Our Solomon Islands"
1m 22s[198]
Somalia"Qolobaa Calankeed"
("Praise to the Flag")		2012Abdullahi Qarshe
 "Qolobaa Calankeed"
1m 6s[199]
South Africa"National anthem of South Africa"[q]1997Enoch Sontonga andC. J. LangenhovenEnoch Sontonga and Marthinus Lourens de Villiers
"National Anthem of South Africa"
2m 3s[200]
South Sudan"South Sudan Oyee!"2011Students and teachers ofJuba University, 2011[201]
"South Sudan Oyee!"
1m 17s[202]
Spain"Marcha Real"
("Royal March")		1770, 1942[r]Alfonso XIIIManuel de Espinosa de los Monteros
"La Marcha Real"
0m 54s[203]
Sri Lanka"Sri Lanka Matha"
("Mother Sri Lanka")		1951Ananda Samarakoon (Sinhala)

M. Nallathambi (Tamil)[204]

Ananda Samarakoon
 "Sri Lanka Matha"
2m 53s[205]
Sudan"Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan"
("We Are the Army of God and of Our Land")		1956Sayyed Ahmed Mohammed SalihAhmad Murjan
"Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan"
0m 46s[206]
Suriname"God zij met ons Suriname"
("God Be With Our Suriname")		1959Cornelis Atses Hoekstra and Henry de ZielJohannes Corstianus de Puy
"God zij met ons Suriname"
0m 54s[207]
Sweden"Du gamla, du fria"
("Thou Ancient, Thou Free")[s]		1866de facto (never adoptedde jure)Richard Dybeckfolk tune
"Du gamla, du fria"
1m 28s[208]
 Switzerland"Schweizerpsalm"
("Swiss Psalm")		1961 (de facto)
1981 (de jure)		Leonhard Widmer (German),
Charles Chatelanat (French),
Camillo Valsangiacomo (Italian),
and Flurin Camathias (Romansch)		Alberich Zwyssig
"Schweizerpsalm"
1m 24s[209]
Syria"Humāt ad-Diyār"
("Guardians of the Homeland")		1938, 1961Khalil Mardam BeyMohammed Flayfel and Ahmad Salim Flayfel
"Humāt ad-Diyār"
1m 6s[210]
Tajikistan"Surudi Milli"
("National Anthem")		1994Gulnazar KeldiSuleiman Yudakov
"Surudi Milli"
1m 55s[211]
Tanzania"Mungu ibariki Afrika"
("God Bless Africa")		1961collectivelyEnoch Sontonga
"Mungu ibariki Afrika"
0m 52s[212]
Thailand"Phleng Chat"
("National Song")[t]		1932, 1939 (with current name and lyrics), 1949Luang SaranupraphanPeter Feit
"Phleng Chat"
0m 44s[213]
Togo"Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux"
("Hail to Thee, Land of our Forefathers")		1960, 1992Alex Casimir-Dosseh
"Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux"
0m 52s[214]
Tonga"Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga"
("Song of the King of the Tonga Islands")		1874Uelingatoni Ngū TupoumalohiCarl Gustav Schmitt
"Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga"
0m 49s[215][216]
Trinidad and Tobago"Forged from the Love of Liberty"1962Patrick Castagne
"Forged from the Love of Liberty"
1m 15s[217]
Tunisia"Humat al-Hima"
("Defenders of the Homeland")		1957, 1987Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafi'i andAboul-Qacem EchebbiMohammed Abdel Wahab
"Humat al-Hima"
0m 52s[218]
Turkey"İstiklâl Marşı"
("The March of Independence")		1921Mehmet Akif ErsoyOsman Zeki Üngör
"İstiklâl Marşı"
1m 5s[219]
Turkmenistan"Garaşsyz, Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni"
("The State Anthem of Independent and Neutral Turkmenistan")		1996 (original version)
2008 (current version)		collectivelyVeli Mukhatov
 "Türkmenbaşyň guran beýik binasy"
2m 0s[220]
Tuvalu"Tuvalu mo te Atua"
("Tuvalu for the Almighty")[b]		1978Afaese Manoa
"Tuvalu mo te Atua"
1m 4s[221]
Uganda"Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty"1962George Wilberforce Kakoma
 "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty"
0m 44s[222]
Ukraine"Shche ne vmerla Ukraina"
("Ukraine's Glory Has Not Perished")		1992 (music), 2003 (lyrics)Pavlo ChubynskyMykhaylo Verbytsky
 "Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy"
1m 20s[223]
United Arab Emirates"Ishy Biladi"
("Long Live my Homeland")		1971, 1986 (with lyrics)Arif Al Sheikh Abdullah Al HassanSaad Abdel Wahab
"Ishy Bilady"
0m 48s[224][225]
United Kingdom"God Save the King"[u][v]1745de facto (never adoptedde jure)UnknownUnknown
"God Save the King"
1m 3s[226][227][228]
United States"The Star-Spangled Banner"1931Francis Scott KeyJohn Stafford Smith
 "The Star-Spangled Banner"
1m 18s[229]
Uruguay"Himno Nacional"
("National Anthem")		1833Francisco Acuña de FigueroaFrancisco José Debali
"Himno Nacional"
4m 30s[230]
Uzbekistan"Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan")		1991Abdulla AripovMutal Burhanov
"Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi"
2m 29s[231]
Vanuatu"Yumi, Yumi, Yumi"
("We, We, We")		1980François Vincent Ayssav
"Yumi, Yumi, Yumi"
0m 59s[232]
Vatican City"Marche Pontificale"
("Pontifical Anthem and March")		1949Antonio AllegraCharles Gounod
"Marche Pontificale"
3m 13s[233]
Venezuela"Gloria al Bravo Pueblo"
("Glory to the Brave People")		1881Vicente SaliasJuan José Landaeta
"Gloria al Bravo Pueblo"
1m 31s[234]
Vietnam"Tiến Quân Ca"
("Marching Song")		1976Văn Cao
"Tiến Quân Ca"
1m 12s[235]
Yemen"National anthem of Yemen"1990Abdallah Abdulwahab NomanAyoob Tarish
"National anthem of Yemen"
0m 49s[236][237]
Zambia"Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free"1973collectivelyEnoch Sontonga
"National anthem of Zambia"
1m 57s[238][239]
Zimbabwe"Simudzai Mureza WeZimbabwe"
("O Lift High the Banner of Zimbabwe")		1994Solomon MutswairoFred Changundega
"Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe"
0m 46s[240]

Partially recognized states

[edit]
State[w]National anthemDate adoptedLyricistOfficially known asComposerAudioRef.
Abkhazia"Aiaaira"
("Victory")		2007Genady Alamiya"State Anthem of the Republic of Abkhazia"Valera Çkaduwa
"Aiaaira"
[241]
Kosovo"Europe"2008Mendi Mengjiqi"Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo"Mendi Mengjiqi
"Europe"
[242]
Northern Cyprus"İstiklâl Marşı"
("Independence March")		1983Mehmet Akif Ersoy"The Turkish Cypriot State Anthem"Zeki Üngör
"İstiklâl Marşı"
[243][244]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"Yā Banī al-Ṣaḥrāʼ"
("O Sons of the Sahara")		1976unknown"National Anthem of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"unknown
"Ya Bani al-Sahra'"
[245]
Somaliland"Samo ku waar"
("Live in Eternal Peace")		1997Hassan Sheikh Mumin"Samo Ku Waar, Somaliland"Hassan Sheikh Mumin
"Samo ku waar"
[246]
South Ossetia"Warzon Iryston!"
("Beloved Ossetia!")		1995Totradz Kokayev"State Anthem of the Republic of South Ossetia"Feliks Alborov
"Warzon Iryston!"
[247]
Sovereign Military Order of Malta[x]"Ave Crux Alba"
("Hail Thou White Cross")		1930Alfredo Consorti"Anthem of the Sovereign Order of Malta"Alfredo Consorti[248]
Taiwan"San Min Chu-i"
("Song of the Three Principles of the People")[y]		1937 (de facto)
1943 (de jure)		Sun Yat-sen"National Anthem of the Republic of China"[z]Cheng Maoyun
"San Min Zhu Yi"
[249]
Transnistria"My slavim tebia, Pridnestrovie"
("We glorify you, Pridnestrovie")		2000Boris Parmenov, Vitaly Pishenko, Nikolay Bozhko"We chant thy praises of Pridnestrovia"Boris Alexandrov
"My slavim tebia"
[250][251]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^OnlyUnited Nations member states andobserver states are included in this table.[10][11]
  2. ^abcdefghi "God Save the King" is the royal anthem of Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Canada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, the Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu, and one of New Zealand's two national anthems.
  3. ^ "My Belarusy" was originally adopted by theByelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
  4. ^ "Lijepa naša domovino" was originally adopted by theSocialist Republic of Croatia.
  5. ^ab "Hymn to Liberty" or "Hymn to Freedom" is the national anthem of both Cyprus and Greece.
  6. ^By the power of theConstitution of Cyprus, the Turkish national anthem "İstiklâl Marşı" was used when a Turkish Cypriot representative was present. The practice lasted up to 1963.
  7. ^abOriginally adopted byCzechoslovakia as a part of its hymn in 1918 (together with Slovak "Nad Tatrou sa blýska"), and later in 1993 by the Czech Republic (already without the Slovak part).
  8. ^One of two Danish national anthems, but this one is mainly used for royal and military occasions[70]
  9. ^Although both Danish anthems have equal status, this one is regarded as the civil national anthem of Denmark.[70]
  10. ^First performed in 1848. National anthem status gained through convention after independence in 1917.
  11. ^Only the third stanza is the official national anthem.
  12. ^Uses the same melody as "God Save the King"
  13. ^Until the early 20th century, "Sønner av Norge" was the most recognised national anthem of Norway. Also "Norges Skaal" and "Mitt lille land" have at times been described as national anthems. Norway's unofficial royal anthem is "Kongesangen".
  14. ^ "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" was first performed in 1864, but only gradually came to replace the older national anthem "Sønner av Norge" asde facto national anthem. It was adopted as the official national anthem 11 December 2019.
  15. ^Also known by its incipit: "Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła, kiedy my żyjemy"("Poland Is Not Yet Lost, So long as we still live").
  16. ^ "Zdravljica" was originally adopted by theSocialist Republic of Slovenia. Only the seventh stanza of the song is the national anthem.
  17. ^The "National Anthem of South Africa" is a hybrid of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika"("God Bless Africa") and "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika"
    ("The Call of South Africa").
  18. ^Declared official "Honor March" by Charles III in 1770, abolished 1820-1823, adopted as the official Spanish anthem under Isabel II (r. 1833–1868), co-official during 1873-1874 and again abolished 1931-1939. Re-introduced in 1942.
  19. ^Sweden's royal anthem is "Kungssången".
  20. ^Thailand's royal anthem is "Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami".
  21. ^Royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom, but no official status as national anthem, except in New Zealand.
  22. ^Anthems of theCountries of the United Kingdom (England,Scotland,Wales andNorthern Ireland), sometimes described as "national anthems", are not listed here. As non-sovereign states, they are listed atList of regional anthems.
  23. ^This list is for those who have declared independence and are partially recognized.
  24. ^The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a sovereign entity under international law with partial recognition.
  25. ^"National Banner Song" is used as the alternate state anthem for Taiwan at international sporting events such as the Olympic Games and World Baseball Classic.
  26. ^The official state name of Taiwan is the "Republic of China".

References

[edit]
General
Specific
  1. ^"Anthem".Reference.com. Lexico Publishing Group. Retrieved26 June 2008.
  2. ^"National anthem".Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
  3. ^"Royal anthem "God Save The Queen"".Department of Canadian Heritage. Archived fromthe original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved17 April 2008.
  4. ^"'Bird's Nest' Ballads: Olympic National Anthems". NPR. 7 August 2008. Retrieved2 October 2008.
  5. ^Elgenius, Gabriella (2018).Symbols of Nations and Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141–144.ISBN 9780230317048.
  6. ^Japan Policy Research InstituteJPRI Working Paper No. 79Archived 2 October 2018 at theWayback Machine. Published July 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2007
  7. ^Leerssen, Joep (2020).National thought in Europe: A cultural history. Amsterdam University Press. p. 103.
  8. ^"Facts and figures".Government of Switzerland. Archived fromthe original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved17 April 2008.
  9. ^Ash, Timothy Garton (17 January 2008)."There are great national anthems – now we need an international one".The Guardian. Retrieved17 April 2008.
  10. ^"List of Member States".United Nations. Retrieved18 July 2015.
  11. ^"List of Observer States".United Nations. Archived fromthe original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved18 July 2015.
  12. ^Kłagisz, Mateusz M. P.; Drozdowska, Marta (13 April 2023)."Concepts of hewād 'Homeland' and millat 'Nation' in Modern Pashto-Language Schoolbooks".Iran and the Caucasus.27 (1):39–53.doi:10.1163/1573384X-02701003.ISSN 1573-384X.
  13. ^Malik, Tasleem; Jan, Faizullah; Ullah, Zia (31 December 2023)."The epistemicide in Afghanistan: an analysis of Taliban's policies towards national and cultural symbols".Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal.7 (2):61–80.doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/7.2.4.ISSN 2664-8148.
  14. ^Hang 2003, p. 2.
  15. ^"National Anthem". Embassy of Algeria. Retrieved5 July 2020.
  16. ^Hang 2003, p. 10.
  17. ^"Angola".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved16 August 2014.
  18. ^"Antigua and Barbuda".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Archived fromthe original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved9 October 2020.
  19. ^Minahan 2009, p. 658.
  20. ^"Símbolos Nacionales" [National Symbols] (in Spanish). Presidency of the Argentine Nation. Retrieved21 November 2011.La necesidad de tener una canción patriótica, que surgió con la Revolución de Mayo y que el Triunvirato supo comprender, se ve plasmada hoy en el Himno Nacional Argentino, con música de Blas Parera, letra de Vicente López y Planes, y arreglo de Juan P. Esnaola.
  21. ^Vega, Carlos (1962).El Himno Nacional Argentino [The Argentine National Anthem] (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Eudeba.
  22. ^Hang 2003, p. 24.
  23. ^"The Australian National Anthem".Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived fromthe original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved1 November 2007.
  24. ^"Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia – National Symbols".Parliament of Australia. 21 September 2005. Archived fromthe original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved1 November 2007. (proclamation by Governor-General dated 19 April 1984)
  25. ^Hang 2003, p. 31.
  26. ^"The National Symbols of the Republic of Azerbaijan". Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Retrieved23 January 2015.
  27. ^"Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət himni haqqında"(PDF). mfa.gov.az. Retrieved3 December 2018.
  28. ^"National Symbols".Embassy of the Bahamas to the United States of America.Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Bahamas.Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved28 September 2020.
  29. ^Minahan 2009, p. 664.
  30. ^"Bahrain".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved15 August 2020.
  31. ^Komol, Khalid Hasan (2012)."Das, Samar". InIslam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.).Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  32. ^"Barbados".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved15 August 2020.
  33. ^"The National Anthem of Belarus".A Belarus Miscellany. 2005. Archived fromthe original on 12 October 2008.
  34. ^"Указ № 350 ад 2 лiпеня 2002 г." (in Belarusian). 2 July 2002. Archived fromthe original on 4 March 2008.
  35. ^"Courrier des Pays-Bas: La Brabançonne". Retrieved3 April 2013.
  36. ^Francis Martens,La Belgique en chantant, pp. 19–40, in Antoine Pickels and Jacques Sojcher (eds.),Belgique: toujours grande et belle, issues 1–2, Éditions Complexe, Brussels, 1998
  37. ^"Belize".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved15 August 2020.
  38. ^"Benin".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved15 August 2020.
  39. ^Penjore, Dorji; Kinga, Sonam (2002).The Origin and Description of The National Flag and National Anthem of The Kingdom of Bhutan(PDF).Thimphu: The Centre for Bhutan Studies. p. 14.ISBN 99936-14-01-7. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved19 April 2011.
  40. ^Blackwell, Amy Hackney (2009).Independence Days: Holidays and Celebrations. Infobase Publishing. p. 15.ISBN 978-1-60413-101-7. Retrieved29 October 2011.
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