| Muscle | Location | Origin | Insertion | Artery | Nerve | Action | Antagonist | O | TA |
|---|
| occipitalis | head,occipitofrontalis, back of skull (left/right) | superior nuchal line ofoccipital bone,mastoid part oftemporal bone | epicranial aponeurosis | occipital artery | facial nerve [CNVII],posterior auricular nerve | retractsscalp | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| frontalis | head,occipitofrontalis, forehead (left/right) | skin of eyebrow andglabella | epicranial aponeurosis | ophthalmic artery | facial nerve [CNVII],temporal branch | wrinkleseyebrow | procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles[1] | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| orbicularis oculi, orbital part | head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) | frontal bone | lateral palpebral raphe | ophthalmic artery,zygomatico-orbital artery,angular artery | facial nerve [CNVII],zygomatic branch | closeseyelids (voluntary, winking/squeezing) | levator palpebrae superioris | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| orbicularis oculi, palpebral part | head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) | medial palpebral ligament | lateral palpebral raphe | ophthalmic artery,zygomatico-orbital artery,angular artery | facial nerve [CNVII],zygomatic branch | closeseyelids (involuntary, blinking/sleeping) | levator palpebrae superioris | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| orbicularis oculi, deep palpebral(lacrimal) part | head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) | posterior crest oflacrimal bone | Edges of eyelids | ophthalmic artery,zygomatico-orbital artery,angular artery | facial nerve [CNVII],zygomatic branch | facilitates tear ducts | ? | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| corrugator supercilii | head, eye (left/right) | nasal part offrontal bone | intermediate third of skin ofeyebrow | ophthalmic artery | facial nerve [CNVII],zygomatic branch | moves skin offorehead medially and inferiorly (towards root ofnose) | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| depressor supercilii | head, eye (left/right) | nasal part offrontal bone, medial rim oforbit | medial third of skin ofeyebrow | ophthalmic artery | facial nerve [CNVII],zygomatic branch | moves skin ofeyebrows inferiorly | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| levator palpebrae superioris | head, extraocular (left/right) | sphenoid bone | tarsal plate, uppereyelid | ophthalmic artery | oculomotor nerve [CNIII] | retracts andelevateseyelid | orbicularis oculi | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| superior tarsal | head, extraocular (left/right) | underside oflevator palpebrae superioris | superior tarsal plate ofeyelid | ophthalmic artery | sympathetic nervous system | raisesupper eyelid | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| rectus, superior | head, eye, orbit (left/right) | annulus of Zinn at orbital apex | 7.5 mm superior tocorneal limbus | ophthalmic artery | oculomotor nerve [CNIII],superior branch | adducts,elevates, andmedially rotateseye | Oblique Superior and inferior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| rectus, inferior | head, eye, orbit (left/right) | annulus of Zinn at orbital apex | 6.5 mm inferior tocorneal limbus | ophthalmic artery | oculomotor nerve [CNIII],inferior branch | adducts anddepresseseye | Oblique Superior and inferior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| rectus, medial | head, eye, orbit (left/right) | annulus of Zinn at orbital apex | 5.5 mm medial tocorneal limbus | ophthalmic artery | oculomotor nerve [CNIII],inferior branch | adductseye | Oblique Superior and inferior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| rectus, lateral | head, eye, orbit (left/right) | annulus of Zinn at orbital apex | 7 mm temporal tocorneal limbus | ophthalmic artery | abducens nerve [CNVI] | abductseye | Oblique Superior and inferior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| oblique, superior | head, extraocular (left/right) | annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial tooptic canal | outer posterior quadrant ofeyeball | ophthalmic artery, lateral muscular branch | trochlear nerve [CNIV] | abducts,intorts, anddepresseye | right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists) | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| oblique, inferior | head, extraocular (left/right) | orbital surface ofmaxilla, lateral tolacrimal groove | laterally ontoeyeball, deep tolateral rectus, by a short flat tendon | ophthalmic artery | oculomotor nerve [CNIII] | abducts,extorts, andelevateseye | right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists) | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| temporoparietalis | head, ear, outer ear (left/right) | auriculares muscles | epicranial aponeurosis | | facial nerve [CNVII] | fixes galeal aponeurosis | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| auricularis anterior | head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right) | temporal fascia | front ofhelix ofear | posterior auricular artery | facial nerve [CNVII] | pullsauricle forwards | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| auricularis superior | head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right) | epicranial aponeurosis | dorsocranial surface ofauricle | posterior auricular artery | facial nerve [CNVII] | pullsauricle upwards | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| auricularis posterior | head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right) | mastoid process oftemporal bone,tendon ofsternocleidomastoid | dorsal part ofauricle | posterior auricular artery | facial nerve [CNVII] | pullsauricle backwards | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| helicis major | head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) | Spina helicis | Anterior border of thehelix | Auricular branches ofposterior auricular andauricular branch ofoccipital arteries | Facial nerve | depresses the anterior margin of the ear cartilage | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| helicis minor | head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) | Base of thehelical crus | Anterior aspect of the helical crus | Auricular branches ofposterior auricular andauricular branch ofoccipital arteries | Facial nerve,Posterior auricular nerve branch | Adjusts the shape of the anterior margin of the ear cartilage | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| tragicus | head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) | Base of thetragus | Apex of thetragus | Auricular branches ofposterior auricular andauricular branch ofoccipital arteries | Facial nerve | Increase the opening of theexternal acoustic meatus | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| antitragicus | head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) | Outer part of theantitragus | Cauda helicis andantihelix | Auricular branch ofsuperficial temporal andauricular branches ofposterior auricular artery | Facial nerve | Modifies the auricular shape | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| auricle, transverse | head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) | Cranial surface of theeminentia conchae | Cranial surface of theeminentia scaphae | Auricular branches ofposterior auricular andauricular branch ofoccipital arteries | Facial nerve | Flattens the cranial profileouter ear | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| auricle, oblique | head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) | ? | ? | ? | Facial nerve,posterior auricular nerve | ? | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| Muscle of terminal notch[2] | head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 0 | 1 |
|---|
| stapedius | head, ear, inner ear (left/right) | tip of pyramid ofmiddle ear | neck ofstapes | stapedial branch ofposterior auricular artery | nerve to the stapedius fromfacial nerve [CNVII] | reduces movement ofstapes, controls amplitude ofsound waves toinner ear | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| tensor tympani | head, ear, inner ear (left/right) | Eustachian tube | handle ofmalleus | superior tympanic artery | medial pterygoid nerve frommandibular nerve [CNV3] | tensestympanic membrane, controls amplitude ofsound waves toinner ear | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| procerus | head, nose (left/right) | fascia over lower part ofnasal bone | skin of lower part offorehead betweeneyebrows | facial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | draws down medial angle ofeyebrow (giving expressions offrowning) | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| depressor septi nasi | head, nose (left/right) | incisive fossa ofmaxilla | nasal septum and back part of alar part ofnasalis | superior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | depressesnasal septum | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| levator nasolabialis(levator labii superioris alaeque nasi) | head, nose (left/right) | frontal process ofmaxilla | nostril and upperlip | superior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | dilatesnostril,elevatesupper lip,elevateswing of nose | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| nasalis, transverse part | head, nose, nasalis, transverse part (left/right) | alveolar yoke ofcanine tooth | lateral nasal cartilage | superior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | compressesnostrils | | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| nasalis, alar part | head, nose, nasalis, alar part (left/right) | alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth,greater andlesser alar cartilages | skin near margin ofnostril | superior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | dilatesnostrils | | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| levator anguli oris | head, mouth (left/right) | maxilla | modiolus of mouth | facial artery | facial nerve [CNVII] | elevates angle ofmouth (smile) | depressor anguli oris | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| depressor anguli oris | head, mouth (left/right) | tubercle ofmandible | modiolus of mouth | facial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],mandibular branch | depresses angle ofmouth (frown) | levator anguli oris | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| transversus menti | head, mouth (left/right) | continuation of depressor anguli oris muscles | other side of depressor anguli oris muscles | facial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],mandibular branch or buccal branch | depresses angle ofmouth (frown) | levator anguli oris | 0.6[3] | 1 |
|---|
| levator labii superioris | head, mouth (left/right) | medial part of infra-orbital margin ofmaxilla | skin and muscle ofupper lip (labii superioris) | superior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | elevatesupper lip | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| depressor labii inferioris | head, mouth (left/right) | oblique line ofmandible, betweensymphysis andmental foramen | integument oflower lip,orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of opposite side | inferior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],marginal mandibular branch | depresseslower lip | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| mentalis | head, mouth (left/right) | alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found onanteriormandible | skin ofchin | inferior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],marginal mandibular branch | elevates and wrinkles skin ofchin, protrudeslower lip | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| bucinator(buccinator) | head, mouth (left/right) | alveolar processes ofmaxilla andmandible,pterygomandibular raphe | fibres oforbicularis oris | buccal artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | compress cheeks againstteeth (blowing),mastication | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| orbicularis oris, marginal part | head, mouth (left/right) | maxilla andmandible | skin aroundlips | superior labial artery,inferior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | puckerslips | | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| orbicularis oris, labial part | head, mouth (left/right) | maxilla andmandible | skin aroundlips | superior labial artery,inferior labial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | puckerslips | | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| risorius | head, mouth (left/right) | parotidfascia | modiolus of mouth | facial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | draw back angle ofmouth | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| zygomaticus major | head, mouth (left/right) | zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture | modiolus ofmouth | facial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | draws angle ofmouth upward and laterally | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| zygomaticus minor | head, mouth (left/right) | zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture | skin ofupper lip | facial artery | facial nerve [CNVII],buccal branch | elevatesupper lip | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| masseter, superficial part | head, coronal plane (left/right) | anterior two-thirds of inferior margin ofzygomatic arch andmaxilla | angle ofmandible, masseteric tuberosity ofmandible | masseteric artery | masseteric nerve frommandibular nerve [CNV3] | elevates andretractsmandible (closes mouth) | platysma | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| masseter, deep part | head, coronal plane (left/right) | anterior two-thirds of inferior margin ofzygomatic arch andmaxilla | angle ofmandible, masseteric tuberosity ofmandible | masseteric artery | masseteric nerve frommandibular nerve [CNV3] | elevates andretractsmandible (closes mouth) | platysma | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| temporalis | head, coronal plane (left/right) | temporal lines onparietal bone ofskull | coronoid process ofmandible | deep temporal arteries | deep temporal nerves frommandibular nerve [CNV3] | elevates andretractsmandible (closes mouth) | platysma | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| pterygoid, lateral | head, coronal plane (left/right) | greater wing of sphenoid andlateral pterygoid process | condyloid process ofmandible | maxillary artery,pterygoid branches | external pterygoid nerve frommandibular nerve [CNV3] | depressesmandible (opens mouth) | masseter,temporalis,medial pterygoid | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| pterygoideus proprius[4] | head, coronal plane (left/right) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 0 | 1 |
|---|
| pterygoid, medial | head, coronal plane (left/right) | medial side oflateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth (deep head);pyramidal process of palatine bone andmaxillary tuberosity (superficial head) | medialangle of mandible | maxillary artery,pterygoid branches | mandibular nerve [CNV3],medial pterygoid nerve | elevates mandible, closesjaw, helpslateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| genioglossus, inferior fibers | head, tongue (left/right) | superior part of mental spine ofmandible (symphysis menti) | dorsum oftongue, body ofhyoid | lingual artery | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | protrudestongue | | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| genioglossus, middle fibers | head, tongue (left/right) | superior part of mental spine ofmandible (symphysis menti) | dorsum oftongue, body ofhyoid | lingual artery | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | depressestongue | | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| genioglossus, superior fibers | head, tongue (left/right) | superior part of mental spine ofmandible (symphysis menti) | dorsum oftongue, body ofhyoid | lingual artery | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | draws tip oftongue back and down | | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| hyoglossus(ceratoglossus) | head, tongue (left/right) | hyoid | side oftongue | | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | depressestongue | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| chondroglossus | head, tongue (left/right) | lesser cornu and body ofhyoid bone | intrinsic muscular fibers oftongue | | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | depressestongue (some consider this muscle to be part ofhyoglossus) | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| styloglossus | head, tongue (left/right) | styloid process of temporal bone | tongue | lingual artery, sublingual branch | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | elevates and retractstongue | inferior and middle fibers ofgenioglossus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| palatoglossus | head, tongue and soft palate (left/right) | palatine aponeurosis | tongue | | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal plexus andaccessory nerve [CNXI] | raises back part oftongue, aiding in breathing | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| superior longitudinal lingual | head, tongue (left/right) | close toepiglottis, frommedian fibrous septum | edges oftongue | lingual artery,tonsilar branch offacial artery,ascending pharyngeal artery | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | shortenstongue, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| transversus linguae | head, tongue (left/right) | median fibrous septum | sides oftongue | lingual artery,tonsilar branch offacial artery,ascending pharyngeal artery | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | narrowstongue with no elongation | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| inferior longitudinal lingual | head, tongue (left/right) | root oftongue | apex oftongue | lingual artery,tonsilar branch offacial artery,ascending pharyngeal artery | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | shortenstongue, retracts, pulls tip downward | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| verticalis linguae | head, tongue (left/right) | dorsum oftongue | inferior surface borders of tongue | lingual artery,tonsilar branch offacial artery,ascending pharyngeal artery | hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] | | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| tensor veli palatini | head, soft palate (left/right) | medial pterygoid plate ofsphenoid bone | palatine aponeurosis | | mandibular nerve [CNV3],medial pterygoid nerve | tensessoft palate, aids inswallowing | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| levator veli palatini | head, soft palate (left/right) | temporal bone,Eustachian tube | palatine aponeurosis | facial artery | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal plexus | elevatessoft palate | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| palatopharyngeus | head, soft palate (left/right) | palatine aponeurosis andhard palate | upper border ofthyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers) | facial artery | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal branch | aids inbreathing by pullingpharynx andlarynx | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| uvulae | head, soft palate (left/right) | hard palate | soft tissue ofuvula | | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal branch | moves and changes shape ofuvula | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| stylopharyngeus | head, pharynx (left/right) | styloid process oftemporal bone | thyroid cartilage (pharynx) | ascending pharyngeal artery,pharyngeal branches | glossopharyngeal nerve [CNIX] | elevateslarynx, elevatespharynx,swallowing | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| salpingopharyngeus | head, pharynx (left/right) | cartilage ofEustachian tube | posteriorfasciculus ofpharyngopalatinus | | vagus nerve [CNX],accessory nerve [CNXI] | raisesnasopharynx | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, thyropharyngeal part | head, pharynx (left/right) | cricoid cartilage,thyroid cartilage | pharyngeal raphe | ascending pharyngeal artery,pharyngeal branches | vagus nerve [CNX],superior laryngeal nerve,external laryngeal branch andrecurrent laryngeal nerve | swallowing | | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, cricopharyngeal part | head, pharynx (left/right) | cricoid cartilage,thyroid cartilage | pharyngeal raphe | ascending pharyngeal artery,pharyngeal branches | vagus nerve [CNX],superior laryngeal nerve,external laryngeal branch andrecurrent laryngeal nerve | swallowing | | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| pharyngeal constrictor, middle, chondropharyngeal part | head, pharynx (left/right) | hyoid bone | pharyngeal raphe | ascending pharyngeal artery,pharyngeal branches | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal plexus | swallowing | | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| pharyngeal constrictor, middle, ceratopharyngeal part | head, pharynx (left/right) | hyoid bone | pharyngeal raphe | ascending pharyngeal artery,pharyngeal branches | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal plexus | swallowing | | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| pharyngeal constrictor, superior, pterygopharyngeal part | head, pharynx (left/right) | medial pterygoid plate,pterygomandibular raphé,alveolar process | pharyngeal raphe,pharyngeal tubercle | ascending pharyngeal artery,tonsilar branch offacial artery | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal plexus | swallowing | | 2 | 4 |
|---|
| pharyngeal constrictor, superior, buccopharyngeal part | head, pharynx (left/right) | medial pterygoid plate,pterygomandibular raphé,alveolar process | pharyngeal raphe,pharyngeal tubercle | ascending pharyngeal artery,tonsilar branch offacial artery | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal plexus | swallowing | | 2 | 4 |
|---|
| pharyngeal constrictor, superior, mylopharyngeal part | head, pharynx (left/right) | medial pterygoid plate,pterygomandibular raphé,alveolar process | pharyngeal raphe,pharyngeal tubercle | ascending pharyngeal artery,tonsilar branch offacial artery | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal plexus | swallowing | | 2 | 4 |
|---|
| pharyngeal constrictor, superior, glossopharyngeal part | head, pharynx (left/right) | medial pterygoid plate,pterygomandibular raphé,alveolar process | pharyngeal raphe,pharyngeal tubercle | ascending pharyngeal artery,tonsilar branch offacial artery | vagus nerve [CNX],pharyngeal plexus | swallowing | | 2 | 4 |
|---|
| cricothyroid, straight part | head, larynx (left/right) | anterior and lateralcricoid cartilage | inferior cornu and lamina ofthyroid cartilage | cricothyroid branch ofsuperior thyroid artery | vagus nerve [CNX],superior laryngeal nerve,external laryngeal branch | tenses and elongatesvocal folds (has minor adductory effect) | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| cricothyroid, oblique part | head, larynx (left/right) | anterior and lateralcricoid cartilage | inferior cornu and lamina ofthyroid cartilage | cricothyroid branch ofsuperior thyroid artery | vagus nerve [CNX],superior laryngeal nerve,external laryngeal branch | tenses and elongatesvocal folds (has minor adductory effect) | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| arytenoid, transverse | head, larynx (left/right) | arytenoid cartilage on one side | arytenoid cartilage on opposite side | superior laryngeal branch ofsuperior thyroid artery | vagus nerve [CNX],recurrent laryngeal nerve | approximatesarytenoid cartilages (closesrima glottidis) | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| arytenoid, oblique | head, larynx (left/right) | arytenoid cartilage on one side | arytenoid cartilage on opposite side | superior laryngeal branch ofsuperior thyroid artery | vagus nerve [CNX],recurrent laryngeal nerve | approximatesarytenoid cartilages (closesrima glottidis) | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| arytenoid, oblique,aryepiglottic part | head, larynx (left/right) | apex ofarytenoid | lateral border ofepiglottis | laryngeal branch ofsuperior thyroid artery | vagus nerve [CNX],inferior laryngeal nerve | closes the laryngeal inlet | ? | 2 | 0 |
|---|
| vocalis | head, larynx (left/right) | inner (anterior) surface ofthyroid cartilage | anterior surface ofarytenoid cartilage | | vagus nerve [CNX],recurrent laryngeal nerve | thickens and decreases length ofvocal folds,adducts duringspeech | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| thyroarytenoid,thyroepiglottic part | head, larynx (left/right) | inner (anterior) surface ofthyroid cartilage | anterior surface ofarytenoid cartilage | | vagus nerve [CNX],recurrent laryngeal nerve | thickens and decreases length ofvocal folds,adducts duringspeech | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| thyroarytenoid, external part | head, larynx (left/right) | inner (anterior) surface ofthyroid cartilage | anterior surface ofarytenoid cartilage | | vagus nerve [CNX],recurrent laryngeal nerve | thickens and decreases length ofvocal folds,adducts duringspeech | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| cricoarytenoid, posterior | head, larynx (left/right) | posterior part ofcricoid cartilage | muscular process ofarytenoid cartilage | | vagus nerve [CNX],recurrent laryngeal nerve | abducts andlaterally rotates cartilage, pullingvocal ligaments away from midline and forward and so openingrima glottidis | lateral cricoarytenoid | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| cricoarytenoid, lateral | head, larynx (left/right) | lateral part of arch ofcricoid cartilage | muscular process ofarytenoid cartilage | | vagus nerve [CNX],recurrent laryngeal nerve | adducts andmedially rotates cartilage, pullingvocal ligaments towards midline and backwards and so closingrima glottidis | posterior cricoarytenoid | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| ceratocricoideus[5][6] | head, larynx (left/right) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 0 | 1 |
|---|
| platysma | Neck, Clavicular, Right, left | base ofmandible | inferiorclavicle and fascia ofchest | branches ofsubmental artery, branches ofsuprascapular artery | cervical branch offacial nerve [CNVII] | tensesskin ofneck | masseter,temporalis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| sternocleidomastoid | Neck, Clavicular, Right, left | manubrium sterni (sternal head), medial portion ofclavicle (clavicular head) | mastoid process oftemporal bone,superior nuchal line | occipital artery,superior thyroid artery | motor:accessory nerve
sensory:cervical plexus | tiltshead to its own side, rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side, flexesneck, raisessternum, assists inforced inspiration | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| digastric, anterior belly | Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left | digastric fossa (mandible) | intermediate tendon (lesser horn ofhyoid bone) | submental branch offacial artery | mandibular nerve [CNV3] viamylohyoid nerve | opensjaw whenmasseter andtemporalis are relaxed | ?? | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| digastric, posterior belly | Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left | mastoid process oftemporal bone | intermediate tendon (lesser horn ofhyoid bone) | occipital artery | facial nerve [CNVII] | opensjaw whenmasseter andtemporalis are relaxed | ?? | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| stylohyoid | Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left | styloid process oftemporal bone | greater horn ofhyoid bone | occipital artery | facial nerve [CNVII] | elevateshyoid duringswallowing | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| mylohyoid | Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left | mylohyoid line ofmandible | pharyngeal raphe | mylohyoid branch ofinferior alveolar artery | mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch ofmandibular nerve [CNV3] | raisesoral cavity floor,elevateshyoid,depressesmandible | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| geniohyoid | Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left | mandibular symphysis | anterior surface of body ofhyoid bone | | C1 viahypoglossal nerve | elevateshyoid and tongue upward duringswallowing | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| sternohyoid | Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left | sternum,manubrium | hyoid bone | superior thyroid artery | ansa cervicalis | depresseshyoid | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| sternothyroid | Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left | sternum,manubrium | thyroid cartilage | superior thyroid artery | ansa cervicalis | depresseslarynx, may slightly depresshyoid | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| thyrohyoid | Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left | thyroid cartilage | hyoid bone | superior thyroid artery | C1 | depresshyoid | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| omohyoid, superior belly | Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left | upper border ofscapula | hyoid bone | inferior thyroid artery | ansa cervicalis | depresseslarynx, depresses and moves to sidehyoid | ?? | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| omohyoid, inferior belly | Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left | upper border ofscapula | hyoid bone | inferior thyroid artery | ansa cervicalis | depresseslarynx, depresses and moves to sidehyoid | ?? | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| levator glandulae thyroideae | Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left | thyrohyoid muscle | thyroid isthmus | ? | ansa cervicalis | ? | ? | 0 | 1 |
|---|
| longus colli | Neck, Anterior | transverse processes ofvertebraeC3,C4,C5, andC6 | anterior arch ofatlas | ascending pharyngeal artery,vertebral artery | C2,C3,C4,C5,C6 | flexesneck andhead | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| longus capitis | Neck, Anterior | anterior tubercles oftransverse processes ofvertebraeC3,C4,C5, andC6 | basilar part ofoccipital bone | ?? | C1,C2,C3/C4 | flexesneck atatlanto-occipital joint | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| rectus capitis, anterior | Neck, Anterior | atlas | occipital bone | ?? | C1 | flexesneck atatlanto-occipital joint | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| rectus capitis, lateralis | Neck, Anterior/Lateral, Right/left | upper surface oftransverse process ofatlas (C1) | under surface ofjugular process ofoccipital bone | ?? | C1 | laterally flexesneck, stabilises sidebens atatlanto-occipital joint | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| scalenus anterior | Neck, Lateral, Right/left | cervical vertebrae C3-C6 | first rib | inferior thyroid artery,ascending cervical artery | ventral ramus ofC5,C6 | when neck is fixed, elevatesfirst rib to aid inbreathing; when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side | ?? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| scalenus medius | Neck, Lateral, Right/left | cervical vertebrae C2-C6 | first rib | inferior thyroid artery,ascending cervical artery | ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves | elevatesfirst rib, rotatesneck to opposite side | ?? | 2 | 1 |
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| scalenus posterior | Neck, Lateral, Right/left | cervical vertebrae C4 – C6, transverse processes | second rib | ascending cervical artery andsuperficial cervical artery | C6,C7,C8 | elevatessecond rib, tiltsneck to same side | ?? | 2 | 1 |
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| scalenus minimus | Neck, Lateral, Right/left | cervical vertebrae C7 | first rib | superficial cervical artery | C7,C8 | elevatesfirst rib | ?? | 0 | 1 |
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| levator scapulae | Neck/Upper Limb, Verterbral Column, Lateral, Right/left | posterior tubercles oftransverse processes ofC1 –C4vertebrae | superior part ofmedial border of scapula | dorsal scapular artery | cervical nerve (C3,C4) anddorsal scapular nerve (C5) | elevatesscapula, tiltsglenoid cavity inferiorly by rotatingscapula | serratus anterior | 2 | 1 |
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| obliquus capitis, superior | Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left | lateral mass of atlas | lateral half ofinferior nuchal line | ?? | suboccipital nerve | flexeshead to same side | ?? | 2 | 1 |
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| obliquus capitis, inferior | Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left | spinous process ofaxis | lateral mass of atlas | ?? | suboccipital nerve | rotatesneck | ?? | 2 | 1 |
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| rectus capitis, posterior minor | Neck, Posterior | tubercle on posterior arch ofatlas (C1) | medial part ofinferior nuchal line ofoccipital bone and surface between it andforamen magnum | ?? | a branch of dorsal primary division ofsuboccipital nerve | sensory organ for neck position, alsoextends head atneck | ?? | 2 | 1 |
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| rectus capitis, posterior major | Neck, Posterior | spinous process ofaxis (C2) | inferior nucheal line ofoccipital bone | occipital artery | dorsal ramus ofC1 (suboccipital nerve) | rotates and extendshead to same side | ?? | 2 | 1 |
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| rectus abdominis | Torso, Abdomen, right/left | pubic symphysis,pubic crest | xiphoid process,costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 | inferior epigastric artery,superior epigastric artery; contributions from posteriorintercostal arteries,subcostal arteries, and deep circumflex arteries | intercostal nerves,subcostal nerve | flexes trunk, compressesabdominal organs, aids inexpiration | erector spinae | 2 | 1 |
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| external abdominal oblique | Torso, Abdomen, right/left | external surfaces ofribs 5-12 | linea alba,pubic tubercle, anterior half ofiliac crest | lower posteriorintercostal arteries,subcostal artery,deep circumflex iliac artery | motor:intercostal nerves (T7-T11),subcostal nervesensory:iliohypogastric nerve | flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side,expiration, compressesabdominal organs | | 2 | 1 |
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| internal abdominal oblique | Torso, Abdomen, right/left | anterior two-thirds ofiliac crest,iliopectineal arch,thoracolumbar fascia | inferior borders of ribs 10–12,pubic crest | lower posteriorintercostal arteries,subcostal artery,superior epigastric artery,inferior epigastric artery,superficial circumflex iliac artery,deep circumflex iliac artery, posteriorlumbar arteries | intercostal nerves (T7-T11),subcostal nerve,iliohypogastric nerve,ilioinguinal nerve | flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side,expiration, compressesabdominal organs | | 2 | 1 |
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| cremaster | Torso, Abdomen,inguinal canal andscrotum | Internal oblique | Tunica vaginalis | Cremasteric artery | Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve | raise and lower thescrotum (involuntary) | ? | 0-1(M) | 1 |
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| transversus abdominis | Torso, Abdomen, right/left | internal surface ofcostal cartilage ofribs 7–12,thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds ofiliac crest,iliopectineal arch | linea alba, aponeurosis ofinternal oblique muscle,pubic crest | lower posteriorintercostal arteries,subcostal artery,superior epigastric artery,inferior epigastric artery,superficial circumflex iliac artery,deep circumflex iliac artery, posteriorlumbar arteries | intercostal nerves T7-T11,subcostal nerve,iliohypogastric nerve,ilioinguinal nerve | rotates trunk to same side, compressesabdominal organs,expiration | | 2 | 1 |
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| pyramidalis | Torso, Abdomen, right/left | pubic symphysis,pubic crest | linea alba | inferior epigastric artery | subcostal nerve | tenseslinea alba | | 2 | 1 |
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| quadratus lumborum | Torso, Abdomen, right/left | iliac crest,iliolumbar ligament | inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes ofL1-L4 | lumbar,median sacral,iliolumbar,subcostal arteries | subcostal nerve, anterior rami ofspinal nerves L1-L4 | flexes trunk to same side, fixesrib 12 duringinspiration, extends trunk | | 2 | 1 |
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| iliocostalis colli | Torso, Back, right/left | sacrum,iliac crest,thoracolumbar fascia,spinous processes | ribs | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| iliocostalis lumborum | Torso, Back, right/left | sacrum,iliac crest,thoracolumbar fascia,spinous processes | The lower six or sevenribs | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| iliocostalis thoracis | Torso, Back, right/left | sacrum,iliac crest,thoracolumbar fascia,spinous processes(the lower six ribs) | upper sixribs and the transverse process of CVII | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| longissimus capitis | Torso/Neck, Back, right/left | articular processes of C4-C7;transverse processes of T1-T5 | posterior margin ofmastoid process | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column, flexeshead andneck to same side | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| longissimus colli | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| longissimus thoracis | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| longissimus thoracis, lumbar part | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 0 |
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| spinalis capitis | Torso, Back, right/left | spinous process | spinous process | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| spinalis colli | Torso, Back, right/left | spinous process | spinous process | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| spinalis thoracis | Torso, Back, right/left | spinous process | spinous process | lateral sacral artery | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/flexesvertebral column | rectus abdominis | 2 | 1 |
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| latissimus dorsi | Torso/Upper Limb, Back, Vertebral column, right/left | Spinous processes ofvertebraeT6-S5,thoracolumbar fascia,iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4ribs andinferior angle ofscapula | floor ofintertubercular groove ofhumerus | subscapular artery,dorsal scapular artery | thoracodorsal nerve(C6 to C8) | pullsforelimbdorsally andcaudally(Extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus) | deltoid,trapezius | 2 | 1 |
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| semispinalis thoracis | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse processes of sixth to tenththoracic vertebrae | spinous processes of upper fourthoracic vertebrae and lower twocervical vertebrae | | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/rotatesvertebral column | | 2 | 1 |
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| semispinalis colli(cervicis) | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse processes of upper five or sixthoracic vertebrae | spinous processes, cervical, from axis to fifth | | posterior branch of spinal nerve | extends/rotatesvertebral column | | 2 | 1 |
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| semispinalis capitis | Torso/Neck, Back, right/left | articular processes of C4-C6;transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7 | spinous process,occipital bone, area betweensuperior nuchal line andinferior nuchal line | | greater occipital nerve | extendshead | | 2 | 1 |
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| multifidus lumborum | Torso, Back, right/left | sacrum,erector spinaeaponeurosis,PSIS, andiliac crest | spinous process | | posterior branch of spinal nerve | stabilizesvertebrae in local movements ofvertebral column | | 2 | 1 |
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| multifidus thoracis | Torso, Back, right/left | sacrum,erector spinaeaponeurosis,PSIS, andiliac crest | spinous process | | posterior branch of spinal nerve | stabilizesvertebrae in local movements ofvertebral column | | 2 | 1 |
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| multifidus colli | Torso, Back, right/left | sacrum,erector spinaeaponeurosis,PSIS, andiliac crest | spinous process | | posterior branch of spinal nerve | stabilizesvertebrae in local movements ofvertebral column | | 2 | 1 |
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| rotatores, long 1-11 | Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left | transverse process | spinous process | spinous process | posterior branch | | | 22 | 1 |
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| rotatores, short 1-11 | Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left | transverse process | spinous process | spinous process | posterior branch | | | 22 | 1 |
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| rotatores lumborum | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | spinous process | spinous process | posterior branch | | | 0 | 1 |
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| rotatores colli | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | spinous process | spinous process | posterior branch | | | 0 | 1 |
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| interspinales lumborum 1-4 | Torso, Back, right/left | spinous process | spinous process | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | extends,flexes, androtates vertebral column | | 8 | 1 |
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| interspinales thoracis 1-3 | Torso, Back, right/left | spinous process | spinous process | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | extends,flexes, androtates vertebral column | | 6 | 1 |
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| interspinales colli 1-6 | Torso, Back, right/left | spinous process | spinous process | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | extends,flexes, androtates vertebral column | | 12 | 1 |
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| intertransversarii, anterior colli 1-7 | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process above | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | laterallyflexestrunk | | 14 | 1 |
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| intertransversarii, lateral posterior colli 1-7 | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process above | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | laterallyflexestrunk | | 14 | 1 |
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| intertransversarii, medial posterior colli 1-7 | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process above | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | laterallyflexestrunk | | 14 | 1 |
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| intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, dorsal parts 1-5 | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process above | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | laterallyflexestrunk | | 10 | 2 |
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| intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, ventral parts 1-5 | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process above | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | laterallyflexestrunk | | 10 | 2 |
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| intertransversarii, medial lumborum 1-5 | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process above | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | laterallyflexestrunk | | 10 | 1 |
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| intertransversarii, thoracis 1-9 | Torso, Back, right/left | transverse process | transverse process above | | posterior rami ofspinal nerves | laterallyflexestrunk | | 18 | 1 |
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| splenius capitis | Torso/Neck, Back, right/left | nuchal ligament,spinous process ofC7-T6 | mastoid process oftemporal bone,occipital bone | ?? | C3,C4 | extends, rotates, and laterally flexeshead | | 2 | 1 |
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| splenius colli | Torso, Back, right/left | spinous processes ofT3-T6 | transverse processes ofC1,C2,C3 | | C5,C6 | | | 2 | 1 |
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| external intercostal 1-11 | Torso, Chest (left/right) | inferior border ofrib (above) | superior border ofrib (below) | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | inhalation | internal | 22 | 1 |
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| internal intercostal 1-11 | Torso, Chest (left/right) | inferior border ofrib (above) | superior border ofrib (below) | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | holdsribs steady | external | 22 | 1 |
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| innermost intercostal 1-11 | Torso, Chest | inferior border ofrib (above) | superior border ofrib (below) | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | elevatesribs,expiration | | 22 | 1 |
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| subcostales 1-n | Torso, Chest | inner surface of onerib | inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | | | 11[7] | 1 |
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| transversus thoracis | Torso, Chest | costal cartilages of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process | ribs/costal cartilages 2–6 | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | depresses ribs | | 2 | 1 |
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| levatores costarum, longi 1-4 | Torso, Chest | transverse processes ofC7 toT12 vertebrae | superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae | | dorsal rami –C8,T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10,T11 | assists inelevation of thoracic rib cage | | 8 | 1 |
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| levatores costarum, breves 1-12 | Torso, Chest | transverse processes ofC7 toT12 vertebrae | superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae | | dorsal rami –C8,T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10,T11 | assists inelevation of thoracic rib cage | | 24 | 1 |
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| serratus posterior inferior | Torso, Chest | vertebraeT11 –L3 | inferior borders of 9th through 12thribs | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | depresses lowerribs(IX to XII), aiding inexpiration | | 2 | 1 |
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| serratus posterior superior | Torso, Chest | nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) andspinous processes ofvertebrae C7 through T3 | upper borders of 2nd through 5thribs | intercostal arteries | 2nd through 5thintercostal nerves | elevatesribs(II to V), aiding ininspiration | | 2 | 1 |
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| hemidiaphragm, lumbar/costal/sternal part | Torso, Chest, Left/right | septum transversum,pleuroperitoneal folds, innerabdominal wall | | pericardiacophrenic artery,musculophrenic artery,inferior phrenic arteries | phrenic and lowerintercostal nerves | breathing | | 2 | 1 |
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| coccygeus | Torso, Pelvis | sacrospinous ligament | coccyx | | sacral nerves:S4,S5 orS3-S4 | closes back part ofpelvic outlet | | 2 | 1 |
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| iliococcygeus | Torso, Pelvis,Levator ani | ischial spine, posterior part oftendinous arch ofpelvic fascia | coccyx andanococcygeal raphe | inferior gluteal artery | levator ani nerve (S4) | supportsorgans inpelvic cavity | | 2 | 1 |
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| pubococcygeus | Torso, Pelvis,Levator ani | back surface ofpubis, anterior part ofobturator fascia | coccyx andsacrum | inferior gluteal artery | levator ani nerve (S4) | controlsurine flow, contracts duringorgasm | | 2 | 1 |
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| puboanalis(puborectalis) | Torso, Pelvis,Levator ani | lower part ofpubic symphysis | - | inferior gluteal artery | S3,S4.levator ani nerve | inhibitsdefecation | | 2 | 1 |
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| puboperinealis | Torso, Pelvis,Levator ani | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 2 | 1 |
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| puboprostaticus (males) /pubovaginalis (females) | Torso, Pelvis,Levator ani | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 2(F)(M) | 1 |
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| external anal sphincter, subcutaneous, superficial, and deep parts | Torso, Perineum | - | - | inferior rectal artery | S4 and twigs frominferior anal nerves ofpudendal nerve | keepsanal canal andanus closed, aids in expulsion offeces | - | 1 | 1 |
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| superficial transverse perineal | Torso, Perineum,Superficial perineal pouch | anterior surface ofischial tuberosity | central point ofperineum | perineal artery | pudendal nerve | constrictsurethra (maintainsurinary continence), constrictsvagina (women) | | 2 | 1 |
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| bulbospongiosus | Torso, Perineum,Superficial perineal pouch | perineal raphe | - | perineal artery | pudendal nerve | emptiesurethra (men), clenchesvagina (women) | | 2 | 1 |
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| ischiocavernosus | Torso, Perineum,Superficial perineal pouch | ischial tuberosity | crus of penis (men),crus of clitoris (women) | perineal artery | pudendal nerve | assistsbulbospongiosus | | 2 | 1 |
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| Deep transverse perineal | Torso, Perineum,Deep perineal pouch | inferior ramus ofischium | its fellow of opposite side | | pudendal nerve | constrictsurethra (maintainsurinary continence), constrictsvagina (women) | | 0-2(M) | 1 |
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| compressor urethrae | Torso, Perineum,Deep perineal pouch | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 0-1(F) | 1 |
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| sphincter urethrovaginalis | Torso, Perineum,Deep perineal pouch | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 0-1(F) | 1 |
|---|
| external urethral sphincter | Torso, Perineum,Deep perineal pouch | junction ofinferior rami ofpubis andischium about 1.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia | its fellow of opposite side | | perineal branch ofpudendal nerve (S2,S3,S4) | constrictsurethra, maintainsurinary continence | | 2 | 1 |
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| trapezius, descending part | Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left | down midline,external occipital protuberance,nuchal ligament,medial part ofsuperior nuchal line,spinous processes ofvertebraeC7-T12 | atshoulders,lateral third ofclavicle,acromion ofscapula,spine of scapula | transverse cervical artery | motor:accessory nerve [CNXI] sensory:cervical nervesC3 andC4 | retracts and assists in rotatingscapula(lower fibers depress scapula, upper fibers elevate it and middle fibers adduct ) | serratus anterior | 2 | 3 |
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| trapezius, transverse part | Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left | down midline,external occipital protuberance,nuchal ligament,medial part ofsuperior nuchal line,spinous processes ofvertebraeC7-T12 | atshoulders,lateral third ofclavicle,acromion ofscapula,spine of scapula | transverse cervical artery | motor:accessory nerve [CNXI] sensory:cervical nervesC3 andC4 | retracts and elevatesscapula | serratus anterior | 2 | 3 |
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| trapezius, ascending part | Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left | down midline,external occipital protuberance,nuchal ligament,medial part ofsuperior nuchal line,spinous processes ofvertebraeC7-T12 | atshoulders,lateral third ofclavicle,acromion ofscapula,spine of scapula | transverse cervical artery | motor:accessory nerve [CNXI] sensory:cervical nervesC3 andC4 | retracts and elevatesscapula | serratus anterior | 2 | 3 |
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| transversus nuchae | Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 0 | 1 |
|---|
| rhomboid major | Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? | spinous processes ofT2 toT5vertebrae | medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion ofrhomboid minor | dorsal scapular artery | dorsal scapular nerve (C4 andC5) | retractsscapula and rotates it todepressglenoid cavity, fixes scapula tothoracic wall | serratus anterior | 2 | 1 |
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| rhomboid minor | Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? | nuchal ligaments andspinous processes of C7- toT1vertebrae | medial border of scapula, superior to insertion ofrhomboid major | dorsal scapular artery | dorsal scapular nerve (C4 andC5) | retracts (adducts)scapula and rotates it todepressglenoid cavity, fixes scapula tothoracic wall | serratus anterior | 2 | 1 |
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| sternalis | Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? | manubrium of sternum orclavicle | xiphoid process,pectoral fascia,lower ribs,costal cartilages orrectus sheath | ? | various | ? | ? | 0 | 1 |
|---|
| pectoralis major | Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? | clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half ofclaviclesternocostal head: anterior surface ofsternum, superior sixcostal cartilages | intertubercular groove ofhumerus | pectoral branch ofthoracoacromial artery | lateral pectoral nerve,medial pectoral nerveclavicular head:C5 andC6sternocostal head:C7,C8 andT1 | adducts andmedially rotateshumerus, drawsscapula anteriorly and inferiorlyclavicular head:flexeshumerussternocostal head:extendshumerus | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| pectoralis major, abdominal part | Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? | clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half ofclaviclesternocostal head: anterior surface ofsternum, superior sixcostal cartilages | intertubercular groove ofhumerus | pectoral branch ofthoracoacromial artery | lateral pectoral nerve,medial pectoral nerveclavicular head:C5 andC6sternocostal head:C7,C8 andT1 | adducts andmedially rotateshumerus, drawsscapula anteriorly and inferiorlyclavicular head:flexeshumerussternocostal head:extendshumerus | | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| pectoralis minor | Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? | 3rd to 5thribs, near theircostal cartilages | medial border and superior surface ofcoracoid process ofscapula | pectoral branch ofthoracoacromial artery | medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1) | stabilizesscapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly againstthoracic wall | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| subclavius | Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? | first rib | subclavian groove ofclavicle | thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch | subclavian nerve | depressesclavicle | | 2 | 1 |
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| serratus anterior | Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? | fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9ribs | costal surface ofmedial margin of scapula | lateral thoracic artery (upper part),thoracodorsal artery (lower part) | long thoracic nerve (from roots ofbrachial plexusC5,C6,C7) | protracts and stabilisesscapula, assists in upward rotation | rhomboid major,rhomboid minor,trapezius | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| deltoid, clavicular/acromial/scapular spinal parts | Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left | clavicle,acromion,spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity ofhumerus | primarilyposterior circumflex humeral artery | axillary nerve | abducts,flexes, andextendsshoulder | latissimus dorsi | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| teres major | Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left | posterior surface ofinferior angle ofscapula | medial lip ofintertubercular sulcus ofhumerus | subscapular artery,circumflex scapular artery | lower subscapular nerve (segmental levelsC5 andC6) | internally rotateshumerus | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| supraspinatus | Upper limb, Shoulder,rotator cuff, Right/left | supraspinous fossa ofscapula | superior facet ofgreater tubercle ofhumerus | suprascapular artery | suprascapular nerve | abducts and stabiliseshumerus | infraspinatus,teres minor,pectoralis major,latissimus dorsi | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| infraspinatus | Upper limb, Shoulder,rotator cuff, Right/left | infraspinous fossa ofscapula | middle facet ofgreater tubercle ofhumerus | suprascapular artery,circumflex scapular artery | suprascapular nerve | laterally rotates,adducts, and stabiliseshumerus | subscapularis,pectoralis major,latissimus dorsi | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| teres minor | Upper limb, Shoulder,rotator cuff, Right/left | lateral border ofscapula | inferior facet ofgreater tubercle ofhumerus | posterior circumflex humeral artery,circumflex scapular artery | axillary nerve | laterally rotates andadductshumerus | subscapularis,pectoralis major,latissimus dorsi | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| subscapularis | Upper limb, Shoulder,rotator cuff, Right/left | subscapular fossa ofscapula | lesser tubercle ofhumerus | subscapular artery | upper subscapular nerve,lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6) | medially rotateshumerus, stabilizesshoulder | infraspinatus,teres minor | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| coracobrachialis | Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left | coracoid process ofscapula | medial surface ofhumerus | brachial artery | musculocutaneous nerve | flexes andadductsshoulder | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| biceps brachii | Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left | short head:coracoid process ofscapula
long head:supraglenoid tubercle | radial tuberosity,bicipital aponeurosis | brachial artery | musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord:C5,C6,C7) | flexeselbow,supinatesforearm | triceps brachii | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| brachialis | Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left | anterior surface ofhumerus (mainly distal half) | coronoid process of ulna,tuberosity of ulna | radial recurrent artery | musculocutaneous nerve | flexeselbow | triceps brachii | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| triceps brachii | Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left | long head:infraglenoid tubercle ofscapula
lateral head: posteriorhumerus (aboveradial sulcus)
medial head: posteriorhumerus - (belowradial sulcus) | olecranon ofulna | deep artery of arm | radial nerve | extendsforearm,adductsshoulder (long head). medial head does not function atshoulder. | biceps brachii,brachialis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| articularis cubiti | Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left | deep distal surface of medial head oftriceps | posterior capsule ofelbow joint | deep artery of arm | radial nerve | lifts capsule away from joint | ? | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| anconeus | Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left | lateral epicondyle of humerus | lateral surface ofolecranon, superior part of posteriorulna | deep artery of arm,interosseous recurrent artery | radial nerve (C7,C8, andT1) | partly blended withtriceps,extendsforearm, stabiliseselbow,abductsulna duringpronation | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| pronator teres | Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left | humeral head:medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
ulnar head:coronoid process of ulna | pronator tuberosity ofradius | ulnar artery,radial artery | median nerve | pronatesforearm,flexeselbow | supinator | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor carpi radialis | Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left | medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) | bases ofsecond metacarpal, base ofthird metacarpal | radial artery | median nerve | flexes andabductswrist | extensor carpi radialis brevis,extensor carpi radialis longus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| palmaris longus | Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left | medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) | palmar aponeurosis | ulnar artery | median nerve | flexeswrist | extensor carpi radialis brevis,extensor carpi radialis longus,extensor carpi ulnaris | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor carpi ulnaris | Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left | medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) | pisiform,hook of hamate, base offifth metacarpal | ulnar artery | muscular branches of ulnar nerve | flexes andadductswrist | extensor carpi ulnaris | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor digitorum superficialis | Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left | medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), parts ofradius andulna | bases of middlephalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5 | ulnar artery | median nerve | flexesfingers (primarily atproximal interphalangeal joints) | extensor digitorum | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| pronator quadratus | Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left | medial anterior surface ofulna | lateral anterior surface ofradius | anterior interosseous artery | anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) | weaklypronatesforearm | supinator | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor digitorum profundus | Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left | ulna | distal phalanges | anterior interosseous artery | lateral belly:anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) medial belly:muscular branches of ulnar nerve | flexeswrist, flexesinterphalangeal joints | extensor digitorum | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor pollicis longus | Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left | middle half ofvolar surface ofradius,interosseus membrane | base ofdistal phalanx ofthumb | anterior interosseous artery | anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) (C8,T1) | flexesthumb | extensor pollicis longus,extensor pollicis brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor digitorum | Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left | lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) | 2nd–5thphalanges | posterior interosseous artery | posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8) | extendshand,extendsfingers | flexor digitorum superficialis,flexor digitorum profundus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor digiti minimi | Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left | anterior surface oflateral epicondyle ofhumerus (common extensor tendon) | extensor expansion, located at base ofproximal phalanx on dorsal side | posterior interosseous artery | posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8) | extendslittle finger at all joints | flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand) | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor carpi ulnaris | Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left | lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon),ulna | 5th metacarpal | ulnar artery | posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8) | extends andadductswrist | flexor carpi ulnaris | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| brachioradialis | Upper limb, Forearm,mobile wad, Right/left | lateral supracondylar ridge ofhumerus | radial styloid process (distalradius) | radial recurrent artery | radial nerve | flexesforearm,pronatesforearm whensupine,supinatesforearm whenprone | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor carpi radialis longus | Upper limb, Forearm,mobile wad, Right/left | lateral supracondylar ridge ofhumerus | 2nd metacarpal | radial artery | radial nerve | extendswrist joint,abductshand atwrist | flexor carpi radialis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor carpi radialis brevis | Upper limb, Forearm,mobile wad, Right/left | anterior surface oflateral epicondyle ofhumerus (common extensor tendon) | base of3rd metacarpal | radial artery | posterior interosseus nerve | extendswrist joint,abductshand atwrist | flexor carpi radialis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| supinator | Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left | lateral epicondyle of humerus,supinator crest ofulna,radial collateral ligament,annular ligament | lateral proximal shaft ofradius | radial recurrent artery | posterior interosseus nerve (C7,C8) | supinatesforearm | pronator teres,pronator quadratus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor indicis | Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left | ulna | index finger (extensor hood) | | posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8) | extendsindex finger,wrist | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| abductor pollicis longus | Upper limb, Forearm,anatomical snuffbox, Right/left | ulna | first metacarpal | posterior interosseous artery | posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8) | abducts andextendsthumb | adductor pollicis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor pollicis brevis | Upper limb, Forearm,anatomical snuffbox, Right/left | radius,interosseous membrane of forearm | proximal phalanx ofthumb | posterior interosseous artery | posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8) | extendsthumb atmetacarpophalangeal joint | flexor pollicis longus,flexor pollicis brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor pollicis longus | Upper limb, Forearm,anatomical snuffbox, Right/left | ulna,interosseous membrane of forearm | distal phalanx ofthumb | posterior interosseous artery | posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8) | extendsthumb (metacarpophalangeal andinterphalangeal) | flexor pollicis longus,flexor pollicis brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| opponens pollicis | Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar | trapezium,transverse carpal ligament | metacarpal bone ofthumb on its radial side | superficial palmar arch | median nerve | opposesthumb | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor pollicis brevis | Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar | trapezoid,flexor retinaculum | thumb,proximal phalanx | superficial palmar arch | median nerve,deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) | flexesthumb | extensor pollicis longus,extensor pollicis brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| abductor pollicis brevis | Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar | flexor retinaculum of hand,scaphoid andtrapezium | radial base ofproximal phalanx ofthumb andthumb extensors | superficial palmar arch | median nerve | abductsthumb | adductor pollicis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| adductor pollicis | Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar | transverse head: anterior body ofthird metacarpal
oblique head: bases ofsecond andthird metacarpals and adjacenttrapezoid andcapitate bones | medial side of base ofproximal phalanx ofthumb andulnar sesamoid | deep palmar arch | deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) | adductsthumb atcarpometacarpal joint | abductor pollicis longus,abductor pollicis brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| palmaris brevis | Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar | flexor retinaculum (medial),palmar aponeurosis | palm | palmar metacarpal artery | superficial branch of ulnar nerve | wrinkle skin ofpalm | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| abductor digiti minimi (hand) | Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar,hypothenar | pisiform | base ofproximal phalanx of5th digit on ulnar or medial side | ulnar artery | deep branch of ulnar nerve | abductslittle finger | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor digiti minimi (hand) | Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar,hypothenar | hamate bone | little finger | ulnar artery | deep branch of ulnar nerve | flexeslittle finger | extensor digiti minimi | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| opponens digiti minimi (hand) | Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar,hypothenar | hook ofhamate,flexor retinaculum | medial border of 5thmetacarpal | ulnar artery | deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 andT1) | draws5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| lumbricals of the hand 1-4 | Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate | flexor digitorum profundus | extensor expansion | superficial palmar arch,common palmar digital arteries,deep palmar arch,dorsal digital artery | deep branch of ulnar nerve,median nerve | flexmetacarpophalangeal joints,extendinterphalangeal joints | | 8 | 1 |
|---|
| dorsal interossei (hand) 1-4 | Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate | metacarpals | proximal phalanges | dorsal metacarpal artery,palmar metacarpal artery | deep branch of ulnar nerve | abductfingers | palmar interossei | 8 | 1 |
|---|
| palmar interossei 1-3 | Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate | metacarpals | proximal phalanges | palmar metacarpal artery | deep branch of ulnar nerve | adductfingers | dorsal interossei | 6 | 1 |
|---|
| pollicalpalmar interosseus | Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate | metacarpals | proximal phalanges | palmar metacarpal artery | deep branch of ulnar nerve | adductfingers | dorsal interossei | 1.6 | 1 |
|---|
| psoas major | Lower Limb, Iliac region,iliopsoas | transverse processes,bodies andintervertebral discs ofT12-L5vertebrae | lesser trochanter offemur | iliolumbar artery | lumbar plexus via anterior branches ofL1,L2,L3[8] | flexes androtates laterallythigh | gluteus maximus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| psoas minor | Lower Limb, Iliac region,iliopsoas | side ofT11+L1 and IVintervertebral disc | Pectineal line andiliopectineal eminence | iliolumbar artery,lumbar arteries | L1 | weakly flexes trunkflexor | gluteus maximus | 0.8 | 1 |
|---|
| iliacus | Lower Limb, Iliac region,iliopsoas | iliac fossa | lesser trochanter offemur | medial femoral circumflex artery,Iliolumbar artery | femoral nerve (L2,L3[8]) | flexeship[9] | gluteus maximus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| tensor fasciae latae | Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right | iliac crest | iliotibial tract | primarilylateral circumflex femoral artery,superior gluteal artery | superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5) | flexesthigh,medially rotatesthigh, stabilisestorso | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| gluteus maximus | Lower limb,gluteal, Left/right | gluteal surface ofilium,lumbar fascia,sacrum,sacrotuberous ligament | gluteal tuberosity offemur,iliotibial tract | superior gluteal artery,inferior gluteal artery | inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2 nerve roots) | externally rotates andextendship joint, supports extendedknee throughiliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle insitting | Iliacus,psoas major,psoas minor | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| gluteus medius | Lower limb,gluteal, Left/right | gluteal surface ofilium, undergluteus maximus | greater trochanter offemur | superior gluteal artery | superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1 nerve roots) | abduction ofhip; preventingadduction of hipMedial rotation ofthigh | lateral rotator group | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| gluteus minimus | Lower limb,gluteal, Left/right | gluteal surface ofilium, undergluteus medius | greater trochanter offemur | superior gluteal artery | superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1 nerve roots) | abduction ofhip; preventingadduction of hipMedial rotation ofthigh | lateral rotator group | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| piriformis | Lower limb,gluteal,lateral rotator group, Left/right | sacrum | greater trochanter | inferior gluteal artery,lateral sacral artery,superior gluteal artery | piriformis nerve (S1 andS2 nerve roots)[10] | laterally rotates (outward)thigh | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| obturator externus | Lower limb,gluteal,lateral rotator group, Left/right | obturator foramen andobturatory membrane | medial surface ofgreater trochanter offemur | obturator artery | posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3,L4) | adductthigh,rotate laterally thigh | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| superior gemellus | Lower limb,gluteal,lateral rotator group, Left/right | ischial spine | | | nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1,S2) | | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| obturator internus | Lower limb,gluteal,lateral rotator group, Left/right | ischiopubic ramus,obturator membrane | medial surface ofgreater trochanter offemur | | nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1,S2) | abducts &rotates laterallythigh, stabiliseship duringwalking | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| inferior gemellus | Lower limb,gluteal,lateral rotator group, Left/right | ischial tuberosity | obturator internus tendon | | nerve to quadratus femoris (L4,L5,S1) | laterally rotatesthigh | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| quadratus femoris | Lower limb,gluteal,lateral rotator group, Left/right | ischial tuberosity | intertrochanteric crest | inferior gluteal artery | nerve to quadratus femoris (L4,L5,S1) | | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| articularis genus | Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment | femur | suprapatellar bursa | femoral artery | femoral nerve | pullssuprapatellar bursa during extension ofknee | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| sartorius | Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment | superior toanterior superior iliac spine | medial side of uppertibia inpes anserinus | femoral artery | femoral nerve | flexes,laterally rotates, andabductsthigh,flexes andmedially rotatesleg | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| rectus femoris | Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment | anterior inferior iliac spine and exterior surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion ofacetabulum | patella andtibial tuberosity viapatellar tendon | femoral artery | femoral nerve | kneeextension;hipflexion | hamstring | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| vastus lateralis | Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment | greater trochanter,intertrochanteric line, andlinea aspera offemur | patella andtibial tuberosity viapatellar tendon | femoral artery | femoral nerve | extendsknee | hamstring | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| vastus intermedius | Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment | anterior surface offemur | patella andtibial tuberosity viapatellar tendon | femoral artery | femoral nerve | extendsknee | hamstring | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| vastus medialis | Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment | anteromedial surface offemur | patella andtibial tuberosity viapatellar tendon | femoral artery | femoral nerve | extendsknee | hamstring | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| biceps femoris | Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring | ischial tuberosity (long head),linea aspera offemur (short head)[11] | head of fibula[11] articulating with back oflateral tibial condyle | inferior gluteal artery,perforating arteries,popliteal artery | medial (tibial) part ofsciatic nerve (long head), lateral (common fibular) part ofsciatic nerve (short head)[11] | flexesknee joint,laterally rotates leg at knee (when knee is flexed),extendship joint (long head only)[11] | quadriceps femoris | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| semitendinosus | Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring | ischial tuberosity[11] | pes anserinus | inferior gluteal artery,perforating arteries | sciatic nerve[11] (tibial,L5,S1,S2) | flexesknee, extendship,medially rotatesleg atknee[11] | quadriceps femoris | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| semimembranosus | Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring | ischial tuberosity[11] | medial surface oftibia[11] | profunda femoris,gluteal artery | sciatic nerve[11] | flexesknee, extendship,medially rotatesleg atknee[11] | quadriceps femoris | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| gracilis | Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) | inferior pubic ramus[12] | tibia (pes anserinus) | obturator artery | anterior branch of obturator nerve[12] | adductship,flexeship,medially rotatesknee[12] | gluteus medius,gluteus minimus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| pectineus | Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) | superior pubic ramus[12] | lesser trochanter,linea aspera | obturator artery | femoral nerve andobturator nerve (medial compartment)[12] | adducts and flexeship[12] | gluteus medius,gluteus minimus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| adductor brevis | Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) | anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus[12] | lesser trochanter andlinea aspera offemur | obturator artery | anterior branch of obturator nerve[12] | adductship[12] | gluteus medius,gluteus minimus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| adductor longus | Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) | pubic body just below pubic crest | middle third oflinea aspera | obturator artery | anterior branch of obturator nerve[12] | adducts and medially rotateship[12] | gluteus medius,gluteus minimus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| adductor magnus, adductor part | Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) | pubis[12] | femur,adductor tubercle of femur | obturator artery | posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part ofsciatic nerve (vertical head)[12] | adductship[12] | gluteus medius,gluteus minimus | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| adductor minimus | Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles), part of adductor magnus | Inferior ramus | Linea aspera of thefemur | Obturator artery and themedial circumflex femoral artery of thefemoral artery. | Obturator andtibial nerves | Adduction and lateral rotation ofthigh | gluteus medius,gluteus minimus | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| adductor magnus, ischiocondylar part | Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) | pubis[12] | femur,adductor tubercle of femur | obturator artery | posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part ofsciatic nerve (vertical head)[12] | adductship[12] | gluteus medius,gluteus minimus | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| tibialis anterior | Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment | body of tibia | medial cuneiform andfirst metatarsal bones offoot | anterior tibial artery | deep fibular nerve | dorsiflexes andinvertsfoot | fibularis longus,gastrocnemius,soleus,plantaris,tibialis posterior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor hallucis longus | Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment | middle portion of anterior surface offibula, anterior surface ofinterosseous membrane | dorsal side of base ofdistal phalanx ofhallux | anterior tibial artery | deep fibular nerve | extendsbig toe, assists indorsiflexion offoot atankle, weakly inverts foot | flexor hallucis longus,flexor hallucis brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor digitorum longus | Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment | lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ ofinterosseous membrane | middle and distalphalanges of lateral four digits | anterior tibial artery | deep fibular nerve | extension oftoes andankle | flexor digitorum longus,flexor digitorum brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| fibularis tertius | Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment | distal anterior surface offibula | dorsal surface offifth metatarsal | anterior tibial artery | deep fibular nerve | dorsi flexes andeverts foot | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| gastrocnemius | Lower Limb, Leg, Calf | medial condyle andlateral condyle offemur | calcaneus | sural arteries | tibial nerve fromsciatic nerve, specifically, nerve rootsS1,S2 | plantarflexesankle,flexesknee (minor) | tibialis anterior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| soleus | Lower Limb, Leg, Calf | fibula, medial border oftibia (soleal line) | tendo calcaneus | sural arteries | tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2 | plantarflexesankle | tibialis anterior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| plantaris | Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial | lateral supracondylar ridge offemur above lateral head ofgastrocnemius | calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep togastrocnemius tendon) | sural arteries | tibial nerve | plantarflexesankle,flexesknee | tibialis anterior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| popliteus | Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep | middle facet of lateral surface oflateral femoral condyle | posteriortibia undertibial condyles | popliteal artery | tibial nerve | medially rotates andflexesknee | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor hallucis longus | Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep,tarsal tunnel | posterior surface of upper 1/3 offibula | base of distalphalanx ofhallux | fibular artery (peroneal branch ofposterior tibial artery | tibial nerve,S1,S2 nerve roots | flexes all joints ofbig toe,plantarflexesankle | extensor hallucis longus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor digitorum longus | Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep,tarsal tunnel | medialtibia | distalphalanges of lateral four digits | posterior tibial artery | tibial nerve | flexestoes | extensor digitorum longus,extensor digitorum brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| tibialis posterior | Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep,tarsal tunnel | tibia,fibula | navicular,medial cuneiform | posterior tibial artery | tibial nerve | invertsfoot,plantarflexesfoot atankle | tibialis anterior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| fibularis longus | Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment | fibula | first metatarsal,medial cuneiform | fibular artery | superficial fibular nerve | plantarflexes and everts ankle | tibialis anterior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| fibularis brevis | Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment | fibula | fifth metatarsal | fibular artery | superficial fibular nerve | plantarflexes and everts ankle | tibialis posterior | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor digitorum brevis | Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right | calcaneus | toes | | deep fibular nerve | extends digits 2, 3, and 4 | flexor digitorum longus,flexor digitorum brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| extensor hallucis brevis | Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right | calcaneus | base of proximalphalanx ofbig toe | | deep fibular nerve | extendsbig toe | flexor hallucis brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| dorsal interossei (foot) 1-4 | Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal / Fourth layer, left/right | metatarsals | proximal phalanges | | lateral plantar nerve(fourth interosseous space: superficial branchothers: deep branch),first and second interossei: lateral branch ofdeep fibular nerve | abductstoes | plantar interossei | 8 | 1 |
|---|
| abductor hallucis | Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right | medial process ofcalcaneus,flexor retinaculum,plantar aponeurosis | medial side of base of proximalphalanx of first digit | | medial plantar nerve | abductshallux | adductor hallucis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor digitorum brevis | Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right | medial process ofcalcaneus,plantar aponeurosis,intermuscular septa | middlephalanges of digits 2–5 | | medial plantar nerve | flexes lateral fourtoes | extensor digitorum longus,extensor digitorum brevis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| abductor digiti minimi (foot) | Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right | plantar aponeurosis | phalanges offifth toe | lateral plantar artery | lateral plantar nerve (S1,S2) | flexes andabductsfifth toe | flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| Abductor of fifth metatarsalabductor ossis metatarsi quinti (foot) | Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right | calcaneus | fifth toe | lateral plantar artery | lateral plantar nerve (S1,S2) | abductsfifth toe | flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) | 0 | 1 |
|---|
| quadratus plantae | Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right | calcaneus | tendons offlexor digitorum longus | | lateral plantar nerve (S1,S2) | flexesdistal interphalangeal joints (assistsflexor digitorum longus) | | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| lumbricals of the foot 1-4 | Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right | tendons offlexor digitorum longus | medial surface ofextensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral fourtoes | lateral plantar artery,plantar arch, fourplantar metatarsal arteries | lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) andmedial plantar nerve (first lumbrical) | maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints | | 8 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor hallucis brevis | Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right | plantar surface ofcuneiforms, plantarcalcaneocuboid ligament,long plantar ligament | medial head: medial sesamoid bone ofmetatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe lateral head: lateral sesamoid bone ofmetatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe | | medial plantar nerve | flexesbig toe | extensor hallucis longus | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| adductor hallucis | Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right | oblique head: proximal ends of middle 3metatarsals transverse head:metatarsophalangeal joints, ligaments of lateral 3 toes | lateral side of base of proximalphalanx ofbig toe,sesamoid | | lateral plantar nerve | adductsbig toe | abductor hallucis | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) | Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right | fifth metatarsal bone | phalanx offifth toe | | lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch) | extends andadductsfifth toe | abductor digiti minimi | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| opponens digiti minimi muscle of foot(opponens digiti quinti) | Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right | ? | middlephalanges of digit 5 | | ? | ? | ? | 0 | 1 |
|---|
| plantar interossei 1-3 | Lower limb, plantar, Fourth layer, left/right | tendons ofplantar Interossei | proximal phalanges III-V - muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes | plantar arch,dorsal metatarsal artery | lateral plantar nerve | adductstoes 3 - 5, strengthenstransverse arch | dorsal interossei | 6 | 1 |
|---|
