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List of mortals in Greek mythology

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is a list of mortals inGreek mythology, includingheroes, mythical kings, and notable women. In Greek mythology, humans are created by theTitanPrometheus, who fashions them in the likeness of the gods.[1] While the Greek gods are immortal and unaffected by aging, the mortality of humans forces them to move through the stages of life, before reaching death.[2] The group of figures referred to as "heroes" (or "demigods"), unique to Greek religion and mythology, are (after the time ofHomer) individuals who have died but continue to exert power in the world,[3] and who were worshipped inhero cults.[4]

Heroes

[edit]
  • Abderus, aided Heracles during his eighth labour and was killed by theMares of Diomedes
  • Achilles (Αχιλλεύς or Αχιλλέας), hero of theTrojan War and a central character inHomer'sIliad
  • Aeneas (Αινείας), a hero of the Trojan War and progenitor of the Roman people
  • Ajax the Great (Αίας ο Μέγας), a hero of the Trojan War and king ofSalamis
  • Ajax the Lesser (Αίας ο Μικρός), a hero of the Trojan War and leader of theLocrian army
  • Amphitryon (Αμφιτρύων), Theban general who rescued Thebes from theTeumessian fox; his wife was Alcmene, mother of Heracles
  • Antilochus (Ἀντίλοχος), Son of Nestor sacrificed himself to save his father in the Trojan War along with other deeds of valor
  • Bellerophon (Βελλεροφῶν), hero who slew theChimera
  • Bouzyges, a hero credited with inventing agricultural practices such as yoking oxen to a plough
  • Castor, the mortal Dioscuri twin; after Castor's death, his immortal brother Pollux shared his divinity with him in order that they might remain together
  • Chrysippus (Χρύσιππος), a divine hero of Elis
  • Daedalus (Δαίδαλος), creator of thelabyrinth and great inventor, until KingMinos trapped him in his own creation
  • Diomedes (Διομήδης), a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan War
  • Eleusis (Ἐλευσῖνι or Ἐλευσῖνα), eponymous hero of the town ofEleusis
  • Eunostus, a Boeotian hero
  • Ganymede (Γανυμήδης), Trojan hero and lover of Zeus, who was given immortality and appointed cup-bearer to the gods
  • Hector (Ἕκτωρ), hero of the Trojan War and champion of the Trojan people
  • Icarus (Ἴκαρος), the son of the master craftsmanDaedalus
  • Iolaus (Ἰόλαος), nephew ofHeracles who aided his uncle in one of his Labors
  • Jason (Ἰάσων), leader of the Argonauts
  • Meleager (Μελέαγρος), a hero who sailed with the Argonauts and killed theCalydonian boar
  • Odysseus (Ὀδυσσεύς or Ὀδυσεύς), a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer'sOdyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan War
  • Orpheus (Ὀρφεύς), a legendary musician and poet who attempted to retrieve his dead wife from the Underworld
  • Pandion (Πανδίων), the eponymous hero of theAttic tribe Pandionis, usually assumed to be one of the legendary Athenian kingsPandion I orPandion II
  • Perseus (Περσεύς), son of Zeus and the founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon Medusa
  • Talthybius (Ταλθύβιος),herald and friend toAgamemnon. He was worshipped as a hero atSparta andArgos, where sacrifices were offered to him.[5]
  • Theseus (Θησεύς), son of Poseidon and a king of Athens and slayer of theMinotaur

Notable women

[edit]
  • Alcestis (Άλκηστις), daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus, who was known for her devotion to her husband
  • Amymone, the one daughter of Danaus who refused to murder her husband, thus escaping her sisters' punishment
  • Andromache (Ανδρομάχη), wife of Hector
  • Andromeda (Ανδρομέδα), wife of Perseus, who was placed among the constellations after her death
  • Antigone (Αντιγόνη), daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta
  • Apemosyne (Ἀπημοσύνη), a Cretan princess who ran faster than Hermes
  • Arachne (Αράχνη), a skilled weaver, transformed by Athena into a spider for her blasphemy
  • Ariadne (Αριάδνη), daughter of Minos, king of Crete, who aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and became the wife of Dionysus
  • Atalanta (Αταλάντη), fleet-footed heroine who participated in theCalydonian boar hunt and the quest for theGolden Fleece
  • Briseis, a princess ofLyrnessus, taken and given to Achilles as a war prize
  • Caeneus, formerly Caenis, a woman who was transformed into a man and became a mighty warrior
  • Cassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believed
  • Cassiopeia (Κασσιόπεια), queen ofÆthiopia and mother ofAndromeda
  • Clytemnestra, sister of Helen and unfaithful wife of Agamemnon
  • Danaë, the mother of Perseus by Zeus
  • Deianeira, the third wife and unwitting killer of Heracles
  • Electra, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, she aided her brother Orestes in plotting revenge against their mother for the murder of their father
  • Europa, a Phoenician woman, abducted by Zeus
  • Hecuba (Ἑκάβη), wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of nineteen of his children
  • Helen, daughter of Zeus and Leda, whose abduction brought about the Trojan War
  • Hermione (Ἑρμιόνη), daughter of Menelaus and Helen; wife of Neoptolemus, and later Orestes
  • Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; Agamemnon sacrificed her to Artemis in order to appease the goddess
  • Ismene, sister of Antigone
  • Jocasta, mother and wife of Oedipus
  • Medea, a sorceress and wife of Jason, who killed her own children to punish Jason for his infidelity
  • Medusa, a mortal woman transformed into a hideous gorgon by Athena
  • Niobe, a daughter of Tantalus who declared herself to be superior to Leto, causing Artemis and Apollo to kill her fourteen children
  • Pandora, the first woman
  • Penelope, loyal wife of Odysseus
  • Phaedra, daughter of Minos and wife of Theseus
  • Polyxena, the youngest daughter of Priam, sacrificed to the ghost of Achilles
  • Semele, mortal mother of Dionysus
  • Thrace, the daughter of Oceanus and Parthenope, and sister of Europa

Kings

[edit]

Seers/oracles

[edit]
  • Amphilochus (Ἀμφίλοχος), a seer and brother of Alcmaeon who died in the war of theSeven against Thebes
  • Anius, son of Apollo who prophesied that the Trojan War would be won in its tenth year
  • Asbolus, a seerCentaur
  • Bakis
  • Branchus, a seer and son of Apollo
  • Calchas, an Argive seer who aided the Greeks during the Trojan War
  • Carnus, anAcarnanian seer and lover of Apollo
  • Carya, a seer and lover of Dionysus
  • Cassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believed
  • Ennomus, aMysian seer, killed by Achilles during the Trojan War
  • Halitherses, an Ithacan seer who warned Penelope's suitors of Odysseus' return
  • Helenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of Epirus
  • Iamus, a son of Apollo possessing the gift of prophecy, he founded theIamidai
  • Idmon, a seer who sailed with the Argonauts
  • Manto, seer and daughter of Tiresias
  • Melampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of Argos
  • Mopsus, the name of two legendary seers
  • Polyeidos, a Corinthian seer who saved the life of Glaucus
  • Pythia, the oracle ofDelphi
  • Telemus, a seer who foresaw that the Cyclops Polyphemus would be blinded by Odysseus
  • Theoclymenus, an Argive seer
  • Tiresias, blind prophet of Thebes

Amazons

[edit]
  • Aegea, a queen of the Amazons
  • Aella (Ἄελλα), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles
  • Alcibie (Ἀλκιβίη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Diomedes at Troy
  • Antandre (Ἀντάνδρη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy
  • Antiope (Ἀντιόπη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta
  • Areto (Ἀρετώ), an Amazon
  • Asteria (Ἀστερία), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles
  • Bremusa (Βρέμουσα), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Idomeneus at Troy
  • Celaeno (Κελαινώ), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Heracles
  • Eurypyle (Εὐρυπύλη), an Amazon leader who invaded Ninus and Babylonia
  • Hippolyta (Ἱππολύτη), a queen of Amazons and daughter of Ares
  • Hippothoe (Ἱπποθόη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy
  • Iphito (Ἰφιτώ), an Amazon who served under Hippolyta
  • Lampedo (Λαμπεδώ), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Marpesia
  • Marpesia (Μαρπεσία), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Lampedo
  • Melanippe (Μελανίππη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta and Antiope
  • Molpadia (Μολπαδία), an Amazon who killed Antiope
  • Myrina (Μύρινα), a queen of the Amazons
  • Orithyia (Ὠρείθυια), an Amazon queen
  • Otrera (Ὀτρήρα), an Amazon queen, consort of Ares and mother of Hippolyta
  • Pantariste (Πανταρίστη), an Amazon who fought with Hippolyta against Heracles
  • Penthesilea (Πενθεσίλεια), an Amazon queen who fought in the Trojan War on the side of Troy
  • Thalestris (Θάληστρις), a queen of the Amazons
Achilles and Penthesileia (Lucanian red-figurebell-krater, late 5th century BC)

Inmates of Tartarus

[edit]
  • TheDanaïdes, the forty-nine daughters of Danaus who murdered their husbands on their wedding night, were condemned to an eternity of carrying water in leaky jugs.
  • Ixion, king of theLapiths, who attempted to rape Hera, was bound to a flaming, ever-spinning wheel in Tartarus as eternal punishment.
  • Sisyphus, a king of Thessaly who tried to cheat death, was condemned to an eternity of rolling a boulder uphill, only to watch it roll back down each time.
  • Tantalus, a king of Anatolia who butchered his son Pelops and served him as a meal to the gods, was punished with eternal starvation—food and drink forever dangling just out of reach.
  • Pirithous, king of theLapiths and the closest companion ofTheseus, attempted to kidnap Persephone to make her his wife. As punishment, he was either bound to a chair by snakes for eternity or devoured by Cerberus, depending on the version of the myth.

Minor figures

[edit]
Main article:List of minor Greek mythological figures

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Hansen, pp. 32–33.
  2. ^Hansen, p. 35.
  3. ^Burkert, p. 203.
  4. ^Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Hero cult.
  5. ^Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Talthybius
  6. ^Foster, Margaret (2017).The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. p. 69.ISBN 9780520295001.

    "...book 18 (84-87): [...] "If this man beats you and proves himself the stronger, I will send you toward the mainland, having thrown you on a black ship, to King Echetos, a scourge for all men, who will cut off your nose and ears with pitiless bronze and, tearing off your genitals, give them raw to the dogs to divide among themselves."

    "I agree with Malkin (1998: 153) that the "mainland" here must refer to mainland Greece."

References

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