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List of monarchs who abdicated

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This is a list ofmonarchs who haveabdicated. Some monarchs have been forced to abdicate. The list is chronological.

List

[edit]
RulerCountryPositionAbdication dateSuccessor/Fate
Kuai of YanState of YanKing of Yan318 BCZi Zhi
Wuling of ZhaoState of ZhaoKing of Zhao299 BCHuiwen of Zhao
Liu YingWestern Han dynastyEmperor of China10 January AD 9Wang Mang
Xian of HanEastern Han dynastyEmperor of China11 December 220Wen of Cao Wei
Cao HuanCao WeiEmperor of China4 February 266Wu of Jin
DiocletianRoman EmpireRoman emperor1 May 305Galerius
MaximianRoman EmpireRoman emperor1 May 305Constantius Chlorus
MaximianRoman EmpireRoman emperor11 November 308Licinius
Lü GuangLater LiangHeavenly King339Yin of Later Liang
VetranioRoman EmpireRoman emperor25 December 350Constantius II
An of JinJin dynastyEmperor of China20 December 403Wudao of Huan Chu
Constantine IIIWestern Roman EmpireRoman emperor411Honorius
Gong of JinJin dynastyEmperor of China5 July 420Wu of Liu Song
AvitusWestern Roman EmpireRoman emperor17 October 456Majorian
Xianwen of Northern WeiNorthern WeiEmperor of China20 September 471Xiaowen of Northern Wei
GlyceriusWestern Roman EmpireRoman emperor24 June 474Julius Nepos
Shun of Liu SongLiu SongEmperor of China29 May 479Gao of Southern Qi
He of Southern QiSouthern QiEmperor of China502Wu of Liang
Xiaojing of Eastern WeiEastern WeiEmperor of China550Wenxuan of Northern Qi
Xiao DongLiang dynastyEmperor of China551Hou Jing
Jing of LiangLiang dynastyEmperor of China557Wu of Chen
Gong of Western WeiWestern WeiEmperor of China557Xiaomin of Northern Zhou
Wucheng of Northern QiNorthern QiEmperor of China8 June 565Houzhu of Northern Qi
Xuan of Northern ZhouNorthern ZhouEmperor of China1 April 579Jing of Northern Zhou
Jing of Northern ZhouNorthern ZhouEmperor of China581Wen of Sui
Yang of SuiSui dynastyEmperor of China8 December 617Gong of Sui
Gong of SuiSui dynastyEmperor of China12 June 618Gaozu of Tang
Yang TongSui dynastyEmperor of China23 May 619Wang Shichong
Gaozu of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China4 September 626Taizong of Tang
KōgyokuJapanEmpress of Japan12 July 645Kōtoku
JitōJapanEmpress of Japan22 August 697Monmu
Wu ZhaoWu ZhouEmperor of China21 February 705Zhongzong of Tang
Ruizong of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China8 September 712Xuanzong of Tang
GenmeiJapanEmpress of Japan3 October 715Genshō
Theodosius IIIEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor25 March 717Leo III
GenshōJapanEmpress of Japan3 March 724Shōmu
CeolwulfNorthumbriaKing of Northumbria737Eadberht
ShōmuJapanEmperor of Japan19 August 749Kōken
Xuanzong of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China12 August 756Suzong of Tang
EadberhtNorthumbriaKing of Northumbria758Oswulf
KōkenJapanEmpress of Japan7 September 758Junnin
JunninJapanEmperor of Japan6 November 764Shōtoku
KōninJapanEmperor of Japan30 April 781Kanmu
Shunzong of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China28 August 805Xianzong of Tang
HeizeiJapanEmperor of Japan18 May 809Saga
StaurakiosEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor2 October 811Michael I Rangabe
Michael I RangabeEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor11 July 813Leo V
SagaJapanEmperor of Japan29 May 823Junna
JunnaJapanEmperor of Japan22 March 833Ninmyō
YōzeiJapanEmperor of Japan4 March 844Kōkō
NinmyōJapanEmperor of Japan4 May 850Montoku
SeiwaJapanEmperor of Japan18 December 876Yōzei
UdaJapanEmperor of Japan4 August 897Daigo
Ai of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China12 May 907Taizu of Later Liang
DaigoJapanEmperor of Japan16 October 930Suzaku
Rui of Yang WuYang WuEmperor of China937Liezu of Southern Tang
SuzakuJapanEmperor of Japan16 May 946Murakami
Yin of Later HanLater HanEmperor of China951Taizu of Later Zhou
Gong of Later ZhouLater ZhouEmperor of China960Taizu of Song
ReizeiJapanEmperor of Japan27 September 969En'yū
En'yūJapanEmperor of Japan24 September 984Kazan
KazanJapanEmperor of Japan1 August 986Ichijō
John XVIIIPapal StatesPopeJuly 1009Sergius IV
IchijōJapanEmperor of Japan16 July 1011Sanjō
SanjōJapanEmperor of Japan10 March 1016Go-Ichijō
Go-SuzakuJapanEmperor of Japan5 February 1045Go-Reizei
Benedict IXPapal StatesPopeJuly 1045Gregory VI
Michael VI BringasEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor30 August 1057Isaac I Komnenos
Isaac I KomnenosByzantine EmpireByzantine emperor22 November 1059Constantine X Doukas
Romanos IV DiogenesEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor1 October 1071Michael VII Doukas
Go-SanjōJapanEmperor of Japan18 January 1073Shirakawa
Nikephoros III BotaneiatesEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor1 April 1081Alexios I Komnenos
ShirakawaJapanEmperor of Japan3 January 1087Horikawa
Henry IVHoly Roman EmpireHoly Roman Emperor1105Henry V
TobaJapanEmperor of Japan25 February 1123Sutoku
Huizong of SongSong dynastyEmperor of China18 January 1126Qinzong of Song
SutokuJapanEmperor of Japan5 January 1142Konoe
Eric IIIDenmarkKing of Denmark1146Sweyn III
Canute V
Valdemar I
Go-ShirakawaJapanEmperor of Japan5 September 1158Nijō
Gaozong of SongSong dynastyEmperor of China24 July 1162Xiaozong of Song
NijōJapanEmperor of Japan3 August 1165Rokujō
RokujōJapanEmperor of Japan9 April 1168Takakura
Dermot McMurroughLeinsterKing of Leinster1169Domhnall Caomhánach
TakakuraJapanEmperor of Japan18 March 1180Antoku
Xiaozong of SongSong dynastyEmperor of China18 February 1189Guangzong of Song
Guangzong of SongSong dynastyEmperor of China24 July 1194Ningzong of Song
Go-TobaJapanEmperor of Japan18 February 1198Tsuchimikado
Władysław III SpindleshanksDuchy of PolandHigh Duke of Poland1206Leszek the White
TsuchimikadoJapanEmperor of Japan12 December 1210Juntoku
JuntokuJapanEmperor of Japan13 May 1221Chūkyō
ChūkyōJapanEmperor of Japan29 July 1221Go-Horikawa
Shenzong of Western XiaWestern XiaEmperor of China1223Xianzong of Western Xia
Go-HorikawaJapanEmperor of Japan17 November 1232Shijō
Go-SagaJapanEmperor of Japan16 February 1246Go-Fukakusa
KameyamaJapanEmperor of Japan6 March 1274Go-Uda
ValdemarKingdom of SwedenKing of Sweden1277 (deposed 1275)Magnus Ladulås
Go-UdaJapanEmperor of Japan27 November 1287Fushimi
Celestine VPapal StatesPope13 December 1294Boniface VIII
John BalliolKingdom of ScotlandKing of Scots10 July 1296Robert I
FushimiJapanEmperor of Japan30 August 1298Go-Fushimi
Go-FushimiJapanEmperor of Japan2 March 1301Go-Nijō
HanazonoJapanEmperor of Japan29 March 1318Go-Daigo
Edward IIKingdom of EnglandKing of England20 January 1327Edward III
Andronikos II PalaiologosEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor24 May 1328Andronikos III Palaiologos
KōgonNorthern Court ofJapanEmperor of Japan7 July 1333Kōmyō
Go-DaigoSouthern Court ofJapanEmperor of Japan18 September 1339Go-Murakami
Irene PalaiologinaEmpire of TrebizondEmpress of Trebizond17 July 1341Anna
Magnus VIINorwayKing of Norway15 August 1343Haakon VI
KōmyōNorthern Court ofJapanEmperor of Japan18 November 1348Sukō
Tribhuwana WijayatunggadewiMajapahit EmpireQueen of Majapahit1350Hayam Wuruk
SukōNorthern Court ofJapanEmperor of Japan26 November 1351Go-Kōgon
John VI KantakouzenosEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor10 December 1354John V Palaiologos
Hugh IVKingdom of CyprusKing of Cyprus24 November 1358Peter I
Go-kōgonNorthern Court ofJapanEmperor of Japan9 April 1371Go-En'yū
Go-En'yūNorthern Court ofJapanEmperor of Japan24 May 1382Go-Komatsu
ChōkeiSouthern Court ofJapanEmperor of Japan1383Go-Kameyama
Go-KameyamaJapanEmperor of Japan19 November 1392Go-Komatsu
Richard IIKingdom of EnglandKing of England29 September 1399Henry IV
AlbertKingdom of SwedenKing of Sweden1405 (deposed 1389)Margaret
Go-KomatsuJapanEmperor of Japan5 October 1412Shōkō
Gregory XIIPapal StatesPope4 July 1415Martin V
Murad IIOttoman EmpireOttoman SultanAugust 1444Mehmed II
Go-HanazonoJapanEmperor of Japan21 August 1464Go-Tsuchimikado
Charles INorwayKing of NorwayJune 1450Christian I
Afonso VKingdom of PortugalKing of Portugal11 November 1477John II
John IIKingdom of PortugalKing of Portugal15 November 1477Afonso V
Catherine CornaroKingdom of CyprusQueen of Cyprus26 February 1489Island annexed by the Republic of Venice
Bayezid IIOttoman EmpireOttoman Sultan25 April 1512Selim I
Charles I[a]Kingdom of SpainKing of Spain16 January 1556Philip II
Charles V[a]Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Emperor27 August 1556Ferdinand I
Mary IKingdom of ScotlandQueen of Scots24 July 1567James VI
ŌgimachiJapanEmperor of Japan17 December 1586Go-Yōzei
Go-YōzeiJapanEmperor of Japan9 May 1611Go-Mizunoo
Go-MizunooJapanEmperor of Japan22 December 1629Meishō
MeishōJapanEmpress of Japan14 November 1643Go-Kōmyō
ChristinaKingdom of SwedenQueen of Sweden6 June 1654Charles X Gustav
Go-SaiJapanEmperor of Japan5 March 1663Reigen
John II Casimir VasaPolish–Lithuanian CommonwealthKing of Poland16 September 1668Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
ReigenJapanEmperor of Japan2 May 1687Higashiyama
James II and VIIKingdom of England
Kingdom of Scotland		King of Englandand Scotland11 December 1688William III and II
Mary II
Augustus IIPolish–Lithuanian CommonwealthKing of Poland24 September 1706Stanisław Leszczyński
HigashiyamaJapanEmperor of Japan27 July 1709Nakamikado
Ulrika EleonoraKingdom of SwedenQueen of Sweden29 February 1720Frederick
Philip VKingdom of SpainKing of Spain14 January 1724Louis I
Victor Amadeus IIKingdom of SardiniaKing of Sardinia3 September 1730Charles Emmanuel III
Ahmed IIIOttoman EmpireOttoman Sultan1 October 1730Mahmut I
NakamikadoJapanEmperor of Japan13 April 1735Sakuramachi
SakuramachiJapanEmperor of Japan9 June 1747Momozono
Charles VII and VKingdom of Sicily
Kingdom of Naples		King of Naples andSicily6 October 1759Ferdinand IV and III
Go-SakuramachiJapanEmpress of Japan23 May 1770Go-Momozono
Stanislaus II AugustusPolish–Lithuanian CommonwealthKing of Poland7 January 1795Third Partition of Poland
QianlongChina (Qing dynasty)Emperor of China9 February 1796Jiaqing
Rana Bahadur ShahKingdom of NepalKing of Nepal8 March 1799Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah
Charles Emmanuel IVKingdom of SardiniaKing of Sardinia4 June 1802Victor Emmanuel I
Francis IIHoly Roman EmpireHoly Roman Emperor6 August 1806Empire collapsed
Charles IVKingdom of SpainKing of Spain19 March 1808Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VIIKingdom of SpainKing of Spain6 May 1808Joseph I
Gustav IV AdolfKingdom of SwedenKing of Sweden29 March 1809Charles XIII
Louis BonaparteNetherlandsKingdom of HollandKing of Holland2 July 1810Napoléon Louis Bonaparte
Joseph IKingdom of SpainKing of Spain11 December 1813Ferdinand VII
Frederick VINorwayKing of Norway14 January 1814Christian Frederick
Napoleon IFirst French EmpireEmperor of the French11 April 1814Bourbon Restoration
Christian FrederickNorwayKing of Norway10 October 1814Charles II
KōkakuJapanEmperor of Japan7 May 1817Ninkō
Victor Emmanuel IKingdom of SardiniaKing of Sardinia13 March 1821Charles Felix
Pedro IVKingdom of PortugalKing of Portugal[b]28 May 1826Maria II
Charles XKingdom of FranceKing of France2 August 1830Louis Philippe I
Louis XIX[c]Kingdom of FranceKing of France2 August 1830Louis Philippe I
Pedro IEmpire of BrazilEmperor of Brazil[b]7 April 1831Pedro II
MiguelKingdom of PortugalKing of Portugal26 May 1834Maria II
William IKingdom of the NetherlandsKing of the Netherlands7 October 1840William II
Rajendra Bikram ShahKingdom of NepalKing of Nepal12 May 1847Surendra Bikram Shah
Louis PhilippeKingdom of FranceKing of the French24 February 1848Monarchy abolished
Ferdinand IAustrian EmpireEmperor of Austria2 December 1848Franz Joseph I
Charles IIDuchy of ParmaDuke of Parma14 March 1849Charles III
Charles AlbertKingdom of SardiniaKing of Sardinia23 March 1849Victor Emmanuel II
Leopold IIGrand Duchy of TuscanyGrand Duke of Tuscany21 July 1859Ferdinand IV
Isabella IIKingdom of SpainQueen of Spain25 June 1870Amadeo I
Amadeo IKingdom of SpainKing of Spain11 February 1873Monarchy abolished
Milan IIKingdom of SerbiaKing of Serbia6 March 1889Alexander I
LiliuokalaniKingdom of HawaiiQueen of Hawaii24 January 1895
(relinquished power on17 January 1893)		Monarchy abolished
Oscar IIKingdom of NorwayKing of Norway26 October 1905Haakon VII
SunjongKorean EmpireEmperor of Korea29 August 1910Annexed by Japan
XuantongChina (Qing dynasty)Emperor of China12 February 1912Monarchy abolished
HongxianEmpire of ChinaEmperor of China22 March 1916Monarchy abolished
Nicholas IIRussian EmpireEmperor of Russia15 March 1917Monarchy abolished
Ferdinand IKingdom of BulgariaTsar of the Bulgarians3 October 1918Boris III
Wilhelm IIGerman EmpireKingdom of PrussiaGerman Emperor andKing of Prussia9 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Marie-AdélaïdeGrand Duchy of LuxembourgGrand Duchess of Luxembourg14 January 1919Charlotte
Constantine IKingdom of GreeceKing of the Hellenes27 September 1922George II
HusseinKingdom of HejazKing of Hejaz3 October 1924Ali
Taimur bin FeisalSultanate of OmanSultan of Oman10 February 1932Said bin Taimur
PrajadhipokKingdom of ThailandKing of Siam2 March 1935Ananda Mahidol
Edward VIIIUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandKing of the United Kingdom11 December 1936George VI
Carol IIKingdom of RomaniaKing of Romania6 September 1940Michael I
Rezā ShāhIranIranShah of Iran16 September 1941Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Bảo ĐạiVietnamEmperor of Vietnam25 August 1945Monarchy abolished
Victor Emmanuel IIIKingdom of ItalyKing of Italy9 May 1946Umberto II
Michael IKingdom of RomaniaKing of Romania30 December 1947Monarchy abolished
WilhelminaKingdom of the NetherlandsQueen of the Netherlands4 September 1948Juliana
Leopold IIIKingdom of BelgiumKing of the Belgians16 July 1951Baudouin
Farouk IKingdom of EgyptKing of Egypt26 July 1952Fuad II
TalalHashemite Kingdom of JordanKing of Jordan11 August 1952Hussein
Norodom SihanoukKingdom of CambodiaKing of Cambodia3 March 1955Norodom Suramarit
Ali bin Abdullah Al ThaniState of QatarEmir of Qatar24 October 1960Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani
SaudKingdom of Saudi ArabiaKing of Saudi Arabia2 November 1964Faisal
CharlotteGrand Duchy of LuxembourgGrand Duchess of Luxembourg12 November 1964Jean
Mohammed Zahir ShahAfghanistanKing of Afghanistan24 August 1973Monarchy abolished
Sisavang VatthanaLaosKing of Laos2 December 1975Monarchy abolished
JulianaKingdom of the NetherlandsQueen of the Netherlands30 April 1980Beatrix
Letsie IIIKingdom of LesothoKing of Lesotho[1]25 January 1995Moshoeshoe II
JeanGrand Duchy of LuxembourgGrand Duke of Luxembourg7 October 2000Henri
Norodom SihanoukKingdom of CambodiaKing of Cambodia7 October 2004Norodom Sihamoni
Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-SabahState of KuwaitEmir of Kuwait24 January 2006Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
Jigme Singye WangchuckKingdom of BhutanKing of Bhutan9 December 2006Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck
Benedict XVIVatican City StatePope28 February 2013Francis
BeatrixKingdom of the NetherlandsQueen of the Netherlands30 April 2013Willem-Alexander
Hamad bin Khalifa Al ThaniState of QatarEmir of Qatar25 June 2013Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Albert IIKingdom of BelgiumKing of the Belgians21 July 2013Philippe
Juan Carlos IKingdom of SpainKing of Spain19 June 2014Felipe VI
Muhammad V
(Sultan of Kelantan)		MalaysiaYang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia6 January 2019Abdullah
(Sultan of Pahang)
AkihitoJapanEmperor of Japan30 April 2019Naruhito
Margrethe IIKingdom of DenmarkQueen of Denmark14 January 2024Frederik X
HenriGrand Duchy of LuxembourgGrand Duke of Luxembourg3 October 2025Guillaume V

Subnational monarchs

[edit]
See also:Non-sovereign monarchy
RulerCountryPositionAbdication dateSuccessor/Fate
Fulk VCounty of AnjouCount of Anjou2 June 1129Geoffrey V
Amadeus VIIIDuchy of SavoyDuke of Savoy5 February 1440Louis I
Hassan XMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1701Ibrahim Muzhir Al-Din I
Amina IMaldive IslandsSultana of the Maldive Islands1754Amina II
AlexanderPrincipality of Bayreuth
Principality of Ansbach		Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbachand Brandenburg-Bayreuth2 December 1791Sold to Prussia
Günther Friedrich Karl IPrincipality of Schwarzburg-SondershausenPrince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen19 August 1835Günther Friedrich Karl II
Ludwig IKingdom of BavariaKing of Bavaria21 March 1848Maximilian II
KarlPrincipality of Hohenzollern-SigmaringenPrince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen27 August 1848Karl Anton
JosephDuchy of Saxe-AltenburgDuke of Saxe-Altenburg30 November 1848Georg
Bernhard IIDuchy of Saxe-MeiningenDuke of Saxe-Meiningen20 September 1866Georg II
Shō TaiRyūkyū KingdomKing of Ryukyu16 October 1872Annexed by Japan
Günther Friedrich Karl IIPrincipality of Schwarzburg-SondershausenPrince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen17 July 1880Charles Gonthier
Ibrahim NooraddeenMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1886Muhammad Mueenuddeen I
AlexanderPrincipality of BulgariaPrince of Bulgaria7 September 1886Ferdinand I
Muhammad Mueenuddeen IMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1888Ibrahim Nooraddeen
Muhammad Imaaduddeen VMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1893Muhammad Shamsuddeen III
Muhammad Shamsuddeen IIIMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1893Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI
Rama Varma XVKingdom of CochinMaharaja of CochinDecember 1914Rama Varma XVI
Ernest AugustusDuchy of BrunswickDuke of Brunswick8 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Ernest LouisGrand Duchy of HesseGrand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine9 November 1918Monarchy abolished
William ErnestGrand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachGrand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachMonarchy abolished
Bernhard IIIDuchy of Saxe-MeiningenDuke of Saxe-Meiningen10 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Heinrich XXIVPrincipality of Reuss-GreizPrince Reuss of GreizMonarchy abolished
Frederick Augustus IIGrand Duchy of OldenburgGrand Duke of Oldenburg11 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Heinrich XXVIIPrincipality of Reuss-GeraPrince Reuss Younger LineMonarchy abolished
Joachim ErnstDuchy of AnhaltDuke of Anhalt12 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Leopold IVPrincipality of LippePrince of LippeMonarchy abolished
Ludwig IIIKingdom of BavariaKing of Bavaria13 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Frederick Augustus IIIKingdom of SaxonyKing of SaxonyMonarchy abolished
Ernst IIDuchy of Saxe-AltenburgDuke of Saxe-AltenburgMonarchy abolished
FriedrichPrincipality of Waldeck and PyrmontPrince of Waldeck and PyrmontMonarchy abolished
Frederick Francis IVGrand Duchy of Mecklenburg-SchwerinGrand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin14 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Charles EdwardDuchy of Saxe-Coburg and GothaDuke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaMonarchy abolished
Adolf IIPrincipality of Schaumburg-LippePrince of Schaumburg-Lippe15 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Frederick IIGrand Duchy of BadenGrand Duke of Baden22 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Günther VictorPrincipality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen		Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadtand Schwarzburg-SondershausenMonarchy abolished
William IIKingdom of WürttembergKing of Württemberg30 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Hassan Nooraddeen IIMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1943Abdul Majeed Didi
Charles Vyner BrookeKingdom of SarawakRajah of Sarawak1 July 1946Monarchy abolished
Omar Ali Saifuddien IIIBrunei DarussalamSultan of Brunei4 October 1967Hassanal Bolkiah
Said bin TaimurSultanate of Muscat and OmanSultan of Oman23 July 1970Qaboos bin Said
Ahmad ShahSultanate of PahangSultan of Pahang11 January 2019Abdullah

Gallery

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See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Charles I of Spain were the same person. He abdicated as Lord of theNetherlands on 25 October 1555 and King ofSpain on 16 January 1556 in favor of his sonPhilip II of Spain. Also in 1556, he separately voluntarily abdicated his German possessions and the title ofHoly Roman Emperor in favor of his brotherFerdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.
  2. ^abPedro IV of Portugal and Pedro I of Brazil were the same person. He was already Emperor of Brazil when he succeeded to the throne of Portugal in 1826, but abdicated two months later in favour of his daughterMaria II of Portugal. Later, he abdicated the throne of Brazil in favour of his sonPedro II.
  3. ^Louis was only "King" of France for the twenty minutes it took for him to decide to sign the instrument of abdication. This means his 'abdication' is debatable. However, abdication as an heir has no legal basis; therefore he had to become king in order to abdicate.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"King Letsie III Bio | Help Lesotho". Archived fromthe original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved12 February 2013.
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