List of Middle Eastern conflicts since 1914
Middle East Countries (2018) Bahrain ,Cyprus ,Egypt ,Iran ,Iraq ,Israel ,Jordan ,Kuwait ,Lebanon ,North Cyprus *,Oman ,Palestine *,Qatar ,Saudi Arabia ,Syria (DFNS Turkey ,United Arab Emirates ,Yemen *Not a UN member
This is a list of modern conflicts ensuing in the geographic and political region known as theMiddle East . The "Middle East" is traditionally defined as theFertile Crescent (Mesopotamia ),Levant , andEgypt and neighboring areas ofArabia ,Anatolia andIran . It currently encompasses the area fromEgypt ,Turkey andCyprus in the west toIran and thePersian Gulf in the east,[ 1] Yemen andOman in the south.
Conflicts are separate incidents with at least 100 casualties, and are listed by total deaths, including sub-conflicts.[ 2] The term "modern" refers to theFirst World War and later period, in other words, since 1914.
List of conflicts Date Conflict Location Casualties 1902–1932 Unification of Saudi Arabia [a] Riyadh Hejaz Kuwait Nejd Transjordan Mandatory Iraq Nejd and Hejaz 8,000–9,000 1909–1910 Zaraniq rebellion Ottoman Empire 830+ 1914–1918 Middle Eastern theatre of World War I [p] Ottoman Empire Persia Egypt Nejd and Hasa Jabal Shammar Kuwait Lahej Armenia Azerbaijan
Ottoman Empire deaths including civilians: [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] Allied killed, wounded, captured or missing: [citation needed Persians died by famine or disease, excluding influenza: [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] 1918–1922 Simko Shikak revolt [ 10] Persia 1,000–5,500 1919 1919 Egyptian revolution [ 11] Egypt 3,000 1919–1923 Turkish War of Independence [b] Ottoman Empire Greece Armenia Soviet Union 882,100–2,075,600+ 1919–2003 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict [c] Mandatory Iraq Kingdom of Iraq Iraq Kingdom of Kurdistan 139,000–320,000 killed 1920 Franco-Syrian War Arab Kingdom of Syria OETA 5,000 1920 Iraqi Revolt [ 12] [ 13] Mandatory Iraq 2,050–9,000 1921–1948[l] Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine Mandatory Palestine 7,813 1923 Adwan Rebellion Transjordan 100 1925–1927 Great Syrian Revolt (Druze War)[ 14] Greater Lebanon State of Syria Jabal Druze Alawite State 8,000–12,000 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion [ 15] Turkey 15,000–250,500 1930 Ararat rebellion [ 16] [ 17] [ 18] [ 19] [ 20] Turkey Republic of Ararat
4,500–47,000 1933 Simele massacre [ 21] Kingdom of Iraq 3,000 1934 Saudi–Yemeni war (1934) [ 22] Saudi Arabia Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 2,100 1935 Goharshad Mosque rebellion [ 23] Iran 151 1935–1936 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts Iraq 500 1935 1935 Yazidi revolt [ 21] Iraq 200 1936 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 1937 Dersim rebellion [ 24] Turkey 40,000–70,000 1939–1945 Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II Iraq Iran French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon Mandatory Palestine ≈16,000[citation needed 1946 Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine 1946 Egyptian Student Riots[ 25] [ 26] Egypt 100–300 1946 Iran crisis of 1946 [ 2] [ 15] [e] Iran Republic of Mahabad Azerbaijan People's Government 2,000 1948– Arab–Israeli conflict [f] Egypt All-Palestine Government Egypt United Arab Republic Syrian Republic Ba'athist Syria Jordan Lebanon Israel Palestinian Authority 73,000–84,000 1948 Al-Waziri coup [ 2] Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 4,000–5,000 1948 Al-Wathbah uprising Iraq 300–400 1952 1952 Egyptian revolution [ 2] Egypt 1,000 1953 1953 Iranian coup d'état [ 2] [ 15] [ 27] Iran 300–800 1954–1960 Jebel Akhdar War [ 15] Muscat and Oman 100–523 1955–1959 Cyprus Emergency [ 28] [ 29] Cyprus 400–600 1956 Suez Crisis 1956–1960 Yemeni–Adenese clan violence [ 2] Aden 1,000 1958 1958 Lebanon Crisis [ 2] [ 11] [ 29] Lebanon 1,300–4,000 1958 1958 Iraqi Revolution [ 2] Arab Federation 100 1959 1959 Mosul uprising [ 2] Iraqi Republic 2,000–4,000 1962–1970 North Yemen civil war [ 30] [ 31] [g] North Yemen Saudi Arabia Egypt 100,000–200,000 1962–1975 Dhofar War [ 15] Oman 10,000 1963 1963 Riots in Iran [ 15] Iran 100 1963 Ramadan Revolution [ 32] Iraq 1,000 1963 1963 Syrian coup d'état [ 33] United Arab Republic Syria 820 1963–1967 Aden Emergency [ 34] Federation of South Arabia South Yemen 2,096 1963 November 1963 Iraqi coup [ 32] Iraq 250 1964 1964 Hama riot [ 35] [ 36] Syria 70–100 1966 1966 neo-Ba'athist coup d'état in Syria [ 15] Syria 400 1966 1966Arif Abd ar-Razzaq second coup [ 37] Iraq 80–100 1970–1971 Black September [ 29] Jordan 2,000–25,000 1972 Yemenite War of 1972 South Yemen North Yemen 100+ 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus [ 22] [ 38] Cyprus 1,500–5,000 1974 Shatt al-Arab clashes [ 39] Iran 1,000 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War [ 40] [h] Lebanon 150,000 1976–1980 Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980) [ 41] [ 42] [ 43] Turkey 5,000–5,388 1978–1982 NDF Rebellion North Yemen 100+ 1978–2025 Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency [ 44] Turkey Iraqi Kurdistan Iraq 30,000–100,000 1979 Second Yemenite War South Yemen North Yemen 1,000+ 1979 Iranian Revolution [ 45] [ 46] Iran 3,164–60,000 1979–1980 Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution [i] Iran 10,171 1979–1983 Saudi Eastern Province unrest [ 47] Saudi Arabia 182–219 1979 Grand Mosque seizure [ 48] Saudi Arabia 307 1979–1982 Islamist uprising in Syria Syria 40,000+ 1980 1980 Turkish coup d'état [ 49] [ 43] Turkey 127–550 1980 1980 Sadr uprising [ 50] Iraq 1,000–30,000 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War [ 22] [ 51] [j] Iran Iraq Kuwait 1,000,000–1,250,000 1986 South Yemen Civil War [ 52] South Yemen 5,000–12,000 1986 1986 Egyptian Conscription Riot [ 53] Egypt 107 1986 1986 Damascus bombings [ 54] Syria 204 1987 Iranian pilgrim riot (Mecca massacre) [ 55] Saudi Arabia 402 1987–1988 ANO Executions Lebanon Syria 170 1989–1996 KDPI insurgency (1989–1996) Iran 168–503 1990–1991 Gulf War [ 40] Iraq Kuwait Saudi Arabia 40,000–57,000 1991 1991 Iraqi uprisings [ 50] [ 56] Iraq 50,000–100,000 1994 1994 civil war in Yemen Yemen 7,000–10,000 1995– Islamic Insurgency in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 300 1998 Bombing of Iraq (December 1998) [ 28] [ 29] Iraqi no-fly zones )Iraq 2,000 1999 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq [ 15] [ 57] Iraq 100–200 2003–2011 Iraq War [ 58] [ 59] [ 60] [ 61] [ 62] [ 63] [k] Ba'athist Iraq Iraq 460,000–1,033,000See also:Casualties of the Iraq War 2004 Qamishli massacre (2004) [ 64] [ 65] Syria 30–100 2004–2014 Shia insurgency in Yemen [ 66] [ 67] [ 68] Saudi Arabia Yemen 8,500–25,000 2004– Iran–PJAK conflict [ 69] Iran 588–747 2006– Fatah–Hamas conflict [ 70] [ 71] Palestinian Authority Gaza Strip 600+ 2006 2006 Lebanon War Lebanon Israel ≈1600 2006– Iran–Israel proxy conflict Iran Israel ≈2000 2007 Nahr al-Bared fighting Lebanon 480 2008 2008 Lebanon conflict Lebanon 105 2009–2015 South Yemen Insurgency [ 72] Yemen 2,100+ 2010–2015 Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown [ 72] [ 73] Yemen 3,000+ 2011 2011 Bahraini uprising Bahrain Saudi Arabia 100+ 2011– Insurgency in Bahrain Bahrain 22+ 2011–2014 Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) [m] Egypt 7,000+ 2011– Yemeni crisis [ a] Yemen 9,000+ 2011–2024 Syrian civil war [n] Syria 503,064–613,407+ 2011–2017 Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Lebanon ≈800 2011– Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Saudi Arabia Iran 2013–2017 War in Iraq (2013–2017) [n] Iraq 155,500–165,500+ 2014– Yemeni civil war [ b] Yemen Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates 377,000+ 2016– Western Iran clashes Iran 74–156 15–16 July 2016 2016 Turkish coup attempt Turkey 270–350 2017 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict Iraq +305 2017– Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) Iraq 4,000+ 2023– Gaza war [ c] Israel West Bank Gaza Strip 85,000+ 2023– Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) Israel Lebanon 2600+ 2023– Red Sea crisis Yemen Israel 40+ 2024 2024 Iran–Israel conflict Iran Israel Jordan Syria Iraq Yemen Lebanon 20+ 2025 Iran-Israel war Iran Israel 1,100+
Casualties breakdown [a].^ Unification of Saudi Arabia (combined casualties 7,989–8,989+)
Battle of Riyadh (1902) – 37 killed.Battle of Dilam (1903) – 410 killed.First Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907) – 2,300+ killed.Annexation of Al-Hasa and Qatif (1913) – unknown. Battle of Jarrab (1915) – unknown.Battle of Kanzaan (1915) – unknown. First Nejd–Hejaz War, 1918–1919 – 8,392+ killed[ 15] Kuwait–Najd War (1921) – 200[ 15] 1921 Ikhwan raid on Iraq – 700 killed. Conquest of Ha'il – unknown.Ikhwan raids on Transjordan 1922–1924 – 500[ 74] Second Nejd–Hejaz War (1924–1925) – 450 killed.[ 15] Ikhwan revolt (1927–1930) – 2,000 killed.[ 15] [p].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War I (combined casualty figure 2,825,000–5,000,000) of:
[b].^ Turkish War of Independence (combined figure 882,100–2,075,600+):
Greco-Turkish War – 70,000[citation needed –400,000 casualties[ 75] Franco-Turkish War – 40,000 casualties.[citation needed Turkish–Armenian War – 60,000–432,500 casualties.[ 76] Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence - more than 27,082+ casualties[ d] Turkish-Georgian War (Red Army invasion of Georgia )- 20,000 casualties. 665,000-1,156,000 Greek, Armenian, Turkish etc. civilian massacred during the war. [ 77] [c].^ Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (combined casualty figure 138,800–320,100) of:
Mahmud Barzanji revolts – unknown.Ahmad Barzanji revolt (1931) – unknown. 1943 Iraqi Kurdish revolt (1943) – unknown. First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–1970) – 75,000–105,000 killed.[ 30] [ 40] Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975) – 9,000 killed.[ 78] [ 79] [ 80] PUK insurgency (1976–1978) – 800 killed.1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq – 50,000–198,000 killed.Battle of Sulaymaniyah (1991) – 700–2,000 killed.Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997) – 3,000[ 81] 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq – several hundred killed (≈300) on the Kurdish front, at least 24 Peshmerga soldiers killed.[d].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War II (combined casualty figure 12,338–14,898+) of:
Anglo-Iraqi War – at least 560 killed.[ 82] [ 83] Farhud 175–780 killed.Syria–Lebanon campaign 10,404–12,964 killed.Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 100[ 15] Bombing of Palestine in World War II 137 deaths.[ 84] Bombing of Bahrain in World War II – unknown.[e].^ Iran crisis of 1946 (combined casualty figure 1,921+):
Azerbaijan People's Republic crisis – 421 killed.[ 85] Republic of Mahabad crisis – ≈1,000 killed.[citation needed Civil interregnum – 500 killed.[ 86] [f].^ Arab–Israeli conflict (combined casualty figure 76,338–87,338+):
Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949) – 14,400 casualties. Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency andReprisal operations (1950s) – 3,456 casualtiesSuez Crisis (1956) – 3,203 killed.Israeli–Palestinian conflict (1965–present) – 24,000 killedPalestinian insurgency in South Lebanon – 2,600–20,000 killed1978 South Lebanon conflict 1982 Lebanon War First Intifada – 2,000 killedSecond Intifada – 7,000 killedGaza–Israel conflict – 3,500+ killedSix-Day War (1967) – 13,976 killed.War of Attrition (1967–1970) – 6,403 killed. Yom Kippur War (1973) 10,000–21,000.[ 87] [g].^ North Yemen civil war (combined 100,000–200,000 casualties):
1962 Coup d'état Ramadan offensive Haradh offensive 1965 Royalist offensive Siege of Sanaa (1967) [h].^ Lebanese Civil War (combined 39,132–43,970+ mortal casualties):
1975 Beirut bus massacre – 27 killed.Hundred Days' War – 160 killed.Karantina massacre – 1,000–1,500 killed.Damour massacre – 684 killed.Battle of the Hotels – 700 killed.Black Saturday (Lebanon) – 200–600 killed.Tel al-Zaatar massacre – 1,778–3,278 killed.1982 Lebanon War – 28,280 killed.Sabra and Shatila massacre – 762–3,500 killed.War of the Camps (1986–1987) – 3,781 killed.Mountain War – 1,600 killed.War of Liberation (1989–1990) – unknown.October 13 massacre – 500–700 killed, 260 civilians massacred.[i].^ Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution (combined fatalities count 12,000):
1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran – 10,171+ killed and executed.[ 88] [ 89] 1979 Khuzestan insurgency – 112+ killed.1979 Khorasan uprising – unknown. 1979 Azeri uprising – unknown. 1979 Baluchistan uprising – 50 killed. Iran hostage crisis – 9 killed.1979–1980 Tehran clashes – unknown. [j].^ Iran–Iraq War (combined death count 645,000–823,000+):
Iraqi invasion 1980Mujahedin al-Halq uprising 1981–1982Battle of Khorramshahr (1982) – 17,000 killedOperation Fath ol-Mobin 1982 – 50,000 mortal casualtiesOperation Ramadan 1982 – 80,000 killed1983–1986 Kurdish rebellion in Iraq (including theAnfal campaign ) 50,000–198,000 killedOperation Before the Dawn 1983 – 6,000+ killedOperation Dawn 3 – 162,000 killedOperation Dawn 5 1984 – 50,000 killedOperation Dawn 6 1984 – unknownOperation Kheibar 1984 – 49,000 killedTanker War 1984Operation Badr (1985) – 30,000–32,000War of the Cities 1985–1987First Battle of al-Faw 1986 – unknownOperation Karbala-4 1986 – 15,000 killedSiege of Basra – 85,000 killedOperation Nasr 4 – unknown Operation Karbala 10 – unknownOperation Mersad 1987 – 4,900 killed1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 2,000[ 90] [k].^ Iraq War 2003–2011 (combined casualty figure of 192,361–226,056+):
2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq – 35,000 killedIraqi insurgency (2003–06) – 15,000 killedCivil war in Iraq 2006–2008 – 30,000–40,000 killedIraqi insurgency (2008–2011) – 5,000–10,000 killedWithdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq – ≈1,000 killedIraqi insurgency (post-U.S. withdrawal) – 54,000+ killedWar in Iraq (2013–2017) – 53,361–72,056 killed[l].^ Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine (combined casualties 7,813)
1921 Jaffa riots – 95 killed1929 Palestine riots – 251 killed.[ 91] [ 92] 1933 Palestine riots – 20 killed.[ 93] Arab Revolt in Palestine – 5,000 killed.[ 28] Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine (1944–47) – 338 British[ 94] 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine – 2,009 killed by 1 April 1948.[ 95] [m].^ Egyptian Crisis (combined casualties 5,000+)
2011 Egyptian revolution – 846 killedSinai insurgency – 2,800+ killed[n].^ Syrian civil war (combined casualties 503,064–613,407)
[o].^ Iran–Israel proxy conflict (combined casualties ≈2,000)
See also Lists of wars in World (by date, region, type of conflict)Africa: Americas: Asia: Europe: Ongoing conflicts in World:
Notes
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Routledge. p. 508.ISBN 9781317455783 ^ Ward, Steven R. (2014).Immortal, Updated Edition: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces . Georgetown University Press. p. 123.ISBN 9781626160651 ^ Maria T. O'Shea.Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan . Routledge, 2004: p. 100 "Simultaneously, 1000 Christians were killed in Salmas, in a massacre instigated by Simko" ^a b [1] Archived 18 February 2014 at theWayback Machine "at least 3,000 Egyptians were killed ..."^ Jonathan Glancey (19 April 2003)."Our last occupation" .The Guardian . London.Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved1 February 2011 . ^ The Formation of Modern Syria and Iraq Google Books "... the British mentioned a proportion of 1 to 3, that is 2,050 killed and 6,150 wounded, while an Arab version speaks of 4,000 killed and 4,800 wounded."^ "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls" . Users.erols.com. July 2005.Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved1 February 2011 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m Political Science.Middle East/North Africa/Persian Gulf Region . University of Central Arkansas. Retrieved 2011.[2] Archived 26 October 2017 at theWayback Machine ^ Yusuf Mazhar,Cumhuriyet , 16 Temmuz 1930,… Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur... ^ Ahmet Kahraman,ibid , p. 211,Karaköse , 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) … ^ Ayşe Hür,"Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" Archived 25 February 2011 at theWayback Machine ,Taraf ^ M. Kalman,Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930 , Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997,ISBN 975-8245-01-5 ^ "Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten)Berliner Tageblatt ^a b "The purpose of this chapter is not to debate the extent of Assyrian civilian deaths at Summayl; the Assyrians claim 3000, while the British cite the figure as no greater than 300."[3] Archived 14 November 2012 at theWayback Machine ^a b c Rongxing Guo.Cross border resource management, theory and practice . Ed. S.V.Krupa. Elsevier, 2005: p.115. ^ Ward, Steven R. (2009)."Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces" . Georgetown University Press. Retrieved7 August 2014 . ^ David McDowall,A Modern History of the Kurds , I.B. Tauris, 2002,ISBN 978-1-85043-416-0 ^ Ikhwanweb.Ikhwanweb Archived 16 October 2013 at theWayback Machine ^ Ahmed Abdalla,The Student Movement and National Politics in Egypt 1923–1973 . 2008: pp. 64–77 (1946: The Climax) ^ Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces Google Books . 300 killed^a b c "200 Years of Conflict: A Very British Century 1910–2010" . David Charles.info. 31 December 2010.Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved1 February 2011 .^a b c d "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls" . Users.erols.com.Archived from the original on 20 February 2011. Retrieved1 February 2011 .^a b "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls" . Users.erols.com.Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved7 August 2014 .^ Schanzer, Jonathan (2004)."Yemen's War on Terror" (PDF) . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved15 October 2012 . ^a b Political Science, University of Central Arkansas.Iraq (1932–present) .[4] Archived 16 January 2014 at theWayback Machine ^ Derek Hopwood.Syria 1945–1986: Politics and Society . Unwin Himan ltd., 1988: p.45. ^ J.E.Peterson,British Counter-Insurgency Campaigns and Iraq . August 2009: p.12. ^ Seale, Patrick (1989).Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East . University of California Press. p. 93.ISBN 0-520-06667-7 ^ Paul, James A.; et al. (1990).Human Rights in Syria . Middle East Watch Organization. p. 10. ^ Files of Major General Khalil Jassim, Jordan 2017, Ghaith Khalil,اوراق اللواء خليل جاسم الدباغ, د.م. غيث الدباغ, دار دجلة للطباعة والنشر, الاردن ^ John J. Mearsheimer (Aug. 1990 Atlantic Monthly). "1,500 to 5,000 killed" ^ "CSP – Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946–2013" .Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved20 September 2018 .^a b c "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls" . Necrometrics.com.Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved7 August 2014 .^ Gil, Ata.La Turquie à marche forcée,Le Monde diplomatique , February 1981. ^ Devrimci Yol Savunması,Defense of the Revolutionary Path . Ankara, January 1989, pp. 118–119. ^a b "Call to try Turkish coup leaders" . Al Jazeera. 13 September 2010.Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved26 February 2011 .^ John Pike."Kurdistan – Kurdish Conflict" . GlobalSecurity.org.Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved1 February 2011 . ^ Kadivar, Cyrus."A QUESTION OF NUMBERS" .Emad Baghi .Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved25 May 2018 . ^ E. Baqi, 'Figures for the Dead in the Revolution',Emruz , 30 July 2003 ^ JAY PETERZELL (24 September 1990)."The Gulf: Shi'Ites: Poorer Cousins" .Time . Archived fromthe original on 20 January 2011. Retrieved1 February 2011 . ^ Riyadh (10 January 1980)."63 Zealots beheaded for seizing Mosque" .Pittsburgh Post-Gazette .Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved12 November 2010 . ^ "Turkey tries to heal coup detat wounds" .Today's Zaman . 15 January 2011. Archived fromthe original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved9 December 2015 .During this coup 650,000 people were detained, prosecutors demanded the death penalty for 7,000 people, 517 were sentenced to death, and 50 were executed. A further 500 people died in prisons, some under suspicious circumstances, some during torture and others on hunger strikes. Sixteen prisoners were shot while attempting to escape. Official records say 74 others were killed during prison riots ^a b Cline, Lawrence E. (2000)."The Prospects of the Shia Insurgency Movement in Iraq – Journal of Conflict Studies" .Journal of Conflict Studies .20 (2):44– 67.ISSN 1715-5673 . Retrieved23 September 2025 . ^ "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls" . Users.erols.com.Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved1 February 2011 .^ "Wars and Conflicts of Yemen (1914–present)" . The History Guy.Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved1 February 2011 .^ Europa Publications Limited,The Middle East & North Africa , Volume 50: p. 303 ^ "Syrian car bomb attack kills 17" . BBC News. 27 September 2008.Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved25 May 2018 .^ K. McLachlan, Iran and the Continuing Crisis in the Persian Gulf.GeoJournal "400 Die as Iranian Marchers Battle Saudi Police in Mecca; Embassies Smashed in Tehran" .The New York Times Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved10 February 2017 . ^ [5] Archived 10 February 2011 at theWayback Machine Al Jazeera^ Matthew Duss and Peter Juul.The Fractured Shia of Iraq . Center for American Progress, January 2009. p.9. ^ Gamel, Kim (14 April 2009). "AP Impact: Secret Tally Has 87,215 Iraqis Dead".Associated Press (via ABC News ). ^ Leigh, David (22 October 2010)."Iraq War Logs Reveal 15,000 Previously Unlisted Civilian Deaths – Leaked Pentagon Files Contain Records of More than 100,000 Fatalities Including 66,000 Civilians" Archived 30 July 2013 at theWayback Machine .The Guardian ^ Rogers, Simon (23 October 2010)."Wikileaks Iraq: Data Journalism Maps Every Death – Data Journalism Allows Us To Really Interrogate the Wikileaks Iraq War Logs Release. Here Is the Statistical Breakdown – and Data for You To Download" Archived 7 January 2011 at theWayback Machine .Data Blog – Facts Are Sacred (blog onThe Guardian ^ "Iraq: The War Logs" Archived 8 December 2016 at theWayback Machine .The Guardian ^ Carlstrom, Gregg (22 October 2010; last modified 24 October 2010 (at 21 November 2010))."WikiLeaks Releases Secret Iraq File – Al Jazeera Accesses 400,000 Secret US Military Documents, Which Reveal the Inside Story of the Iraq War" Archived 30 January 2011 at theWayback Machine .Al Jazeera English . Retrieved 21 November 2010. ^ Staff writer (23 October 2010)."Iraq War Logs: What the Numbers Reveal" Archived 29 January 2018 at theWayback Machine .Iraq Body Count . Retrieved 20 November 2010.^ MidEastWeb.Kurdish agony – the forgotten massacre of Qamishlo . March 2004.[6] Archived 9 October 2017 at theWayback Machine MidEastWeb ^ "Kurdish unrest erupts in Syria" . BBC News. 6 June 2005.Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved3 March 2011 .^ "Bloody 2009" .Yemen Post . 10 April 2010. Archived fromthe original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved1 February 2011 .^ Armed Conflicts Report – Yemen . Ploughshares.ca.[7] Archived 30 October 2009 at theWayback Machine . Retrieved 9 November 2009.^ [8] Archived 26 April 2017 at theWayback Machine Huthi sources put the number of casualties at 25,000^ Mustafa Kibaroğlu, Ayșegül Kibaroğlu"Global Security Watch—Turkey: A Reference Handbook" Archived 18 October 2017 at theWayback Machine . Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009.ISBN 0-313-34560-0 ^ "Over 600 Palestinians killed in internal clashes since 2006" .Ynetnews . Ynetnews.com. 6 June 2007.Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved1 February 2011 .^ "Palestinian Center for Human Rights" . Pchrgaza.org.Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved1 February 2011 .^a b Government casualties (AlJazeera)[9] Archived 24 January 2011 at theWayback Machine [10] Archived 9 December 2013 at theWayback Machine ^ Al-Qaeda casualties: Fox News[11] Archived 24 October 2012 at theWayback Machine ,The New York Times [12] Archived 28 February 2017 at theWayback Machine ,Washington Post [13] Archived 19 October 2017 at theWayback Machine , Ynet News[14] ^ Noel Joseph Guckian.British Relations with Trans-Jordan, 1920–1930 . University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. PhD Thesis: pp. 217–218. May 1985. ^ White, Matthew (25 October 2011).The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The 100 Worst Things People Have Done To Each Other ISBN 978-0-393-08192-3 ^ Vahakn N. Dadrian. (2003).The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus . New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 360–361.ISBN 1-57181-666-6 ^ Statistics of the Democide estimates , line 485d^ Brogan, Patrick (1989).World Conflicts . London: Bloomsbury. p. 298.ISBN 0-7475-0260-9 ^ "Iraq (Kurds)" .Minorities at Risk University of Maryland . Archived fromthe original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved26 April 2011 .^ "All wars in the 20th century, since 1900 | the Polynational War Memorial" .Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved25 May 2018 .^ Jordi Tejel.Syria's Kurds: history, politics and society . 2009. p.156. ^ "Habbaniya War Cemetery" . Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved12 August 2010 .^ Wavell, p. 3438 ^ Maya Zamir,The Day of The bombing ,Tel Aviv Magazine (in Hebrew) Archived 12 January 2008 at theWayback Machine ^ Nat. Arch. 891.00/1-1547, 15 January 1947. Touraj Atabaki,Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran . [Revised Edition of Azerbaijan, Ethnicity and Autonomy in the Twentieth-Century Iran] London: I.B.Tauris, 2000. pg 227. "A British source cited by the US Embassy in Tehran gives the number of killed Democrats as 421. The American Embass's report has been classified under wash." ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski ,Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition . New York: Columbia. University Press, 1995. p. 154. "Rossow conservatively estimated 500 killed during the lawless interregnum that preceded the coming of the Iranian troops. Hundreds of others were tried and jailed, and scores were hanged."^ "The Yom Kippur War" . thenagain.info.Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved12 February 2011 .^ "The History Guy" .Archived from the original on 30 July 2010. Retrieved26 July 2010 .^ David McDowall.A Modern History of the Kurds (1996) ^ "Document – Iran: Violations of human rights 1987–1990" . Amnesty International. December 1990.Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved7 August 2014 .^ Great Britain, 1930: Report of the Commission on the disturbances of August 1929, Command paper 3530 (Shaw Commission report), p. 65. ^ NA 59/8/353/84/867n, 404 Wailing Wall/279 and 280, Archdale Diary and Palestinian Police records. ^ "29 Oct 1933 – Riots in Palestine SEQUEL TO FORBIDDEN PROCESSIO" . Trove.nla.gov.au. 29 October 1933. Retrieved7 August 2014 .^ Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon: Imperial Endgame: Britain's Dirty Wars and the End of Empire, p. 100 ^ Yoav Gelber (2006) , p.85
External links
1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s This list includesWorld War I and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
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