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Thegovernment of Indonesia defines a metropolitan area as anurban agglomeration where itsspatial planning is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country.[1] The metropolitan areas in Indonesia are managed based on Presidential Regulation (Peraturan Presiden). The national government has established 10 metropolitan areas across the country, anchored by the cities ofJakarta,Surabaya,Bandung,Semarang,Medan,Makassar,Palembang,Denpasar,Banjarmasin, andManado. Despite having no official metropolitan areas recognised on national level, there are several other cities whose urbanised area exceeds theircity limits such asYogyakarta,Malang, andCirebon.
The followings are the contiguousurban areas in Indonesia, with a population of over 500,000, according toDemographia's "World Urban Areas" study (19th Annual - 2023). Demographia defines an urban area (urbanised area agglomeration or urban centre) as a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area), without regard for administrative boundaries (city).[12]
| Rank | Urban area | Built-up Area (km2) | Estimated population 2022 | Notes[12] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jakarta | 3,546 | 34,386,000 | Jakarta's built-up urban area extends beyond its official metropolitan area, includingKarawang. |
| 2 | Bandung | 487 | 7,203,000 | Bandung metropolitan area has more denseurban population thanSurabaya metropolitan area. |
| 3 | Surabaya | 912 | 6,556,000 | Surabaya metropolitan area has a larger population thanBandung metropolitan area, but comprises morerural areas than the later. |
| 4 | Medan | 479 | 4,027,000 | Medan is the largest urban area outside ofJava island. The urban area is known asMebidangro. |
| 5 | Semarang | 259 | 2,319,000 | AlthoughSemarang metropolitan area is nominally the fourth most populous in Indonesia, it actually comprises a significant portion of rural areas. Semarang's urban population is much smaller than Medan. |
| 6 | Palembang | 220 | 2,069,000 | Palembang is the third largest urban area outside of Java island, after Medan and Makassar. The urban area is known asPatungraya Agung. |
| 7 | Makassar | 179 | 1,936,000 | Makassar is the largest urban area outside of Java and Sumatra. The urban area is known asMamminasata. |
| 8 | Malang | 212 | 1,620,000 | Although it has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, Malang urban population extends far beyond its administrative area of 145 km2.[13] The urban area is known asGreater Malang. |
| 9 | Yogyakarta | 231 | 1,576,000 | Although it has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, Yogyakarta has the ninth largest urban population in Indonesia, extending far beyond its small city proper area of 32.5 km2.[13] Nevertheless, the urban area, known asYogyakarta metropolitan area, is managed throughSekretariat Bersama Kartamantul with patronage of the provincial government. |
| 10 | Batam | 243 | 1,403,000 | As an island-city, Batam has not developed a metropolitan area with its surrounding regions, hence its urban population is entirely within its administrative area. Afree-trade zone, known asBatam metropolitan area, is established around Batam. |
| 11 | Denpasar | 176 | 1,326,000 | Denpasar is the second largest urban area outside of Java and Sumatra, after Makassar. The urban area is known asSarbagita. |
| 12 | Cirebon | 106 | 1,146,000 | Although it has no metropolitan area recognised at the national level, Cirebon's urban population extends beyond its administrative area of 37.4 km2.[13] The urban area is planned by provincial government asRebana. |
| 13 | Surakarta | 207 | 1,097,000 | Although it has no metropolitan area recognised at the national level, Surakarta's urban population extends far beyond its administrative area of 46 km2.[13] The urban area is known asGreater Solo. |
| 14 | Pekanbaru | 238 | 1,085,000 | Pekanbaru has no metropolitan area recognised at the national level, and its urban population is pretty much concentrated in its city proper. The urban area is known asPekanbaru metropolitan area which is managed through the provincial government. |
| 15 | Samarinda | 101 | 1,033,000 | Samarinda has no metropolitan area recognised at the national level, and its urban population is pretty much concentrated in its city proper. The urban area is known asSamarinda metropolitan area which is managed through the provincial government. |
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