TheUnited Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as thecities proper , theirmetropolitan regions , or the extent of theirurban area . A complicating factor is that many large cities in the world have not only homeless or the unhoused, but also vastslum communities. This leads to official census data being less accurate in representing the actual number of residents in a given area.
Definitions
The municipality of
Chongqing , China, whose administrative jurisdictional area is approximately the size of
Austria , has the largest population of any
city proper ; over 70% of its residents live in
rural areas .
A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known ascity proper .UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form oflocal government .[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4]
The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[ 4] [ 5] Chongqing , which is the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2 , around the size ofAustria . However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are agricultural workers living in arural setting .[ 6] [ 7]
Metropolitan area Tokyo , the world's third-largest city by metropolitan populationA city can be defined by the inhabitants of itsdemographic population, as bymetropolitan area , orlabour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:
A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residentialdensity and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).
In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either as a local administrative organisation or only for statistical purposes. In theUnited States ,metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by theU.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB).[ 8] Philippines , metropolitan areas have an official agency, such asMetropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which managesManila metropolitan area .[ 9] Indonesia , such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency forJakarta metropolitan area .[ 10]
Urban area A city can be defined as a conditionallycontiguous urban area , with relatively less regard to territorial or administrative boundaries.UNICEF defines urban area as follows:
The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).
According toDemographia , an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains norural land .
List There are 83 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2025 estimates by theUnited Nations .[ 11]
City[ a] Country UN 2025 population estimates[ 11] City proper [ b] Urban area [ 12] Metropolitan area [ c] Definition Population Area(km2 ) Density(/km2 ) Population Area(km2 ) Density(/km2 ) Population Area(km2 ) Density(/km2 ) Jakarta 41,913,860 Special region 10,154,134 664 15,292[ 13] 33,756,000 3,546 9,519[ d] 33,430,285 7,063 4,733[ 14] Dhaka 36,585,479 Capital city 10,295,407 338 30,460[ 15] [ 16] 19,134,000 619 30,911 36,585,479 2,570 14,236[ 17] Tokyo 33,412,512 Metropolis prefecture 13,515,271 2,191 6,169[ 18] 37,785,000 8,231 4,591[ e] 37,274,000 13,452 2,771[ 19] Delhi 30,222,405 National Capital Territory 16,753,235 1,484 11,289[ 20] 32,226,000 2,344 13,748[ f] 29,000,000 3,483 8,326[ 21] Shanghai 29,558,908 Municipality 24,870,895 6,341 3,922[ 22] [ 23] 24,073,000 4,333 5,556[ g] 79,634,907 53,407 1,491 Guangzhou 27,563,372 City (sub-provincial )18,676,605 7,434 2,512[ 22] 26,940,000 4,535 5,940[ h] 86,100,000 55,800 1,543 Cairo 25,566,102 Urban governorate 10,044,894 3,085 3,256[ 24] 20,296,000 2,010 10,098 22,183,000 2,734 8,114 Manila 24,735,305 Capital city 1,780,148 43 41,399[ 25] 24,922,000 1,911 13,041[ i] 24,922,000 1,873 13,306[ 25] Kolkata 22,549,738 Municipal corporation 4,496,694 206 21,829[ 26] 21,747,000 1,352 16,085 15,333,000 1,887 8,126[ 27] Seoul 22,490,482 Special city 10,013,781 605 16,552[ 28] 23,016,000 2,769 8,312 25,514,000 11,704 2,180[ 28] Karachi 21,422,590 Metropolitan city 15,738,000 591 26,629[ 29] [ 30] 20,249,000 1,124 18,015 20,249,000 1,124 18,015[ 31] [ 32] Mumbai 20,203,056 Municipal corporation 12,478,447 603 20,694[ 33] 24,973,000 976 25,587[ j] 23,598,000 6,328 3,729[ 34] São Paulo 18,949,790 Municipality 12,252,023 1,521 8,055[ 35] 23,086,000 3,649 6,327[ k] 21,734,682 7,947 2,735[ 36] Bangkok 18,180,280 Special administrative area 8,305,218 1,569 5,293[ 37] 18,007,000 3,199 5,629 16,255,900 7,762 2,094[ 38] Mexico City 17,734,212 City-state 9,209,944 1,485 6,202[ 39] 21,804,000 2,530 8,618 21,804,515 7,866 2,772[ 40] Beijing 17,013,303 Municipality 21,893,095 16,411 1,334[ 22] [ 23] 18,522,000 4,284 4,324 110,369,339 217,156 508 Lahore 15,156,430 Metropolitan city 13,004,135 1,772 7,339[ 41] 12,306,000 945 13,022 13,004,135 1,772 7,339 Istanbul 15,014,763 Metropolitan municipality 15,519,267 5,196 2,987[ 42] 14,441,000 1,471 9,817 15,701,602 5,343 2,939 Moscow 14,524,753 Federal city 13,200,000 2,511 5,257[ 43] [ 44] 17,332,000 6,154 2,816 20,004,462[ 45] — N/a — N/a Ho Chi Minh City 14,052,713 Municipality 7,431,000 2,061 3,606[ 46] 15,136,000 2,165 6,991 21,281,639 30,595 696 Buenos Aires 14,017,736 Autonomous city 3,054,300 203 15,046[ 47] 16,710,000 3,437 4,862 16,710,000 3,437 4,862[ 48] New York City 13,920,148 City 8,804,190 778 11,316[ 49] 21,509,000 13,318 1,615[ l] 23,143,097[ 50] 12,093 1,665 Shenzhen 13,878,396 City (sub-provincial )17,494,398 2,050 8,534[ 22] 17,619,000 1,803 9,772 — N/a — N/a — N/a Bengaluru 13,187,098 Municipal corporation 8,443,675 709 11,909[ 51] 8,443,675 741 11,395 10,456,000 8,005 1,306 Osaka 12,964,145 Designated city 2,725,006 225 12,111[ 18] 15,126,000 3,020 5,009[ m] 19,303,000 13,228 1,459[ 19] Lagos 12,791,699 Metropolitan city — N/a — N/a — N/a 16,637,000 1,966 8,462 21,000,000 1,171 17,933[ 52] Los Angeles 12,740,420 City 3,990,456 1,214 3,287[ 49] 15,204,000 6,351 2,394 18,372,485[ 53] 12,559 1,058 Luanda 9,051,000 Municipality 2,165,867 116 18,671[ 54] 9,051,000 1,005 9,006 11,370,000 1,876 6,061 Chennai 11,153,205 Municipal corporation 6,727,000 426 15,791[ 55] [ 56] 12,395,000 1,085 11,424 11,564,000 2,280 5,072[ 57] Kinshasa 10,943,641 City-province 17,071,000 9,965 1,713[ 58] 12,836,000 474 27,080 17,778,500 9,965 1,784 Bogotá 10,624,315 Capital District 7,963,000 1,587 5,018[ 59] 10,085,000 562 17,945 12,545,272 5,934 2,114[ 60] Lima 10,580,241 Metropolitan municipality 8,894,000 2,672 3,329[ 61] 10,320,000 891 11,582 9,569,468 2,819 3,395[ 62] London 10,416,420 Administrative area [ n] 8,825,001 1,572 5,614[ 64] 11,262,000 1,738 6,480 14,372,596[ 65] 8,382 1,715 Rio de Janeiro 9,500,336 Municipality 6,520,000 1,221 5,340[ 66] 12,592,000 2,020 6,234 12,644,321 5,327 2,374[ 67] Paris 9,381,921 Commune 2,148,271 105 20,460[ 68] 11,060,000 2,853 3,877 12,244,807 18,941 646 Hyderabad 9,190,795 Municipal corporation 6,993,262 650 10,759[ 69] [ 70] 10,494,000 1,404 7,474 10,494,000 7,257 1,446 Tehran 9,174,964 Capital city 9,033,003 751 12,028[ 71] [ 72] 14,148,000 1,704 8,303 14,557,000 2,235 6,513 Bandung 8,909,104 City 2,528,160 167 15,176 7,203,000 487 14,791 9,143,808 3,458 2,644 Kuala Lumpur 8,443,731 Capital city 1,768,000 243 7,276[ 73] 8,911,000 2,163 4,120 7,200,000 2,793 2,578[ 74] Dar es Salaam 7,795,114 City 5,383,728 1,393 3,865[ 75] 7,962,000 961 8,285 10,599,999 1,599 6,629 Suzhou 7,731,101 Prefecture-level city 12,748,262 8,488 1,502[ 22] 6,031,000 1,386 4,351 12,748,252 12,493 1,020 Ahmedabad 7,632,408 Municipal corporation 5,570,585 464 12,006[ 76] 8,009,000 404 19,824 6,300,000[ 77] — N/a — N/a Hangzhou 7,500,208 City (sub-provincial )11,936,010 16,596 719[ 22] 9,523,000 1,344 7,086 — N/a — N/a — N/a Wuhan 7,363,548 City (sub-provincial )12,447,718 8,494 1,465[ 22] 12,447,718 1,722 7,229 13,739,000 8,494 1,617 Tianjin 7,285,342 Municipality 13,866,009 11,920 1,163[ 22] [ 23] 10,368,000 2,813 3,686 — N/a — N/a — N/a Alexandria 7,266,957 Urban governorate 5,441,866 2,300 2,366[ 78] 4,712,000 293 16,082 — N/a — N/a — N/a Nagoya 7,146,160 Designated city 2,320,361 326 7,118[ 18] 9,197,000 3,704 2,483 9,363,000 7,271 1,288[ 19] Johannesburg 7,077,175 Metropolitan municipality 4,803,262 1,643 2,924[ 79] 14,586,000 4,040 3,610[ o] — N/a — N/a — N/a Chongqing 7,071,073 Municipality 32,054,159 82,403 389[ 80] [ 23] 12,135,000 1,580 7,680 32,054,159 82,403 389 Riyadh 6,916,417 Municipality 6,694,000 1,913 3,499[ 81] 7,237,000 1,673 4,326 — N/a — N/a — N/a Surat 6,908,925 Municipal corporation 4,466,826 327 13,660[ 82] 6,538,000 238 27,471 — N/a — N/a — N/a Surabaya 6,843,503 City 3,018,022 336 8,984 6,556,000 912 7,189 10,081,343 6,309 1,598 Pune 6,817,951 Municipal corporation 3,124,458 485 6,447[ 83] 8,231,000 650 12,663 7,276,000 7,256 1,003[ 84] Khartoum 6,809,355 — N/a 1,410,858[ 85] — N/a — N/a 7,869,000 1,031 7,632 — N/a — N/a — N/a Nanjing 6,800,676 City (sub-provincial )9,314,685 6,582 1,415[ 22] 8,422,000 1,614 5,218 — N/a — N/a — N/a Santiago 6,726,045 City (commune )236,453 22 10,748[ 86] 7,171,000 1,147 6,252 7,112,808 15,403 462[ 87]
Chicago 8,864,000 City 2,746,388 589 4,663[ 49] 9,057,000 7,006 1,293 9,806,184[ 88] 18,640 516 Chengdu 8,813,000 City (sub-provincial )20,937,757 14,378 1,456[ 22] 20,937,757 1,935 10,821 20,937,757 14,378 1,456 Xi'an 7,444,000 City (sub-provincial )12,183,280 10,135 1,202[ 22] 12,328,000 1,826 6,751 12,328,000 10,762 1,146 Hong Kong 7,429,000 City 7,298,600 1,104 6,611[ 89] [ 90] 7,450,000 290 25,690 — N/a — N/a — N/a Dongguan 7,360,000 Prefecture-level city 10,466,625 2,465 4,246[ 22] 10,646,000 1,759 6,052 — N/a — N/a — N/a Foshan 7,236,000 Prefecture-level city 9,498,863 3,848 2,469[ 22] — N/a [ p] — N/a — N/a — N/a — N/a — N/a Shenyang 6,921,000 City (sub-provincial )8,294,000 12,980 639[ 22] 7,964,000 1,551 5,135[ q] — N/a — N/a — N/a Baghdad 6,812,000 Urban governorate 8,126,755 5,200 1,563[ 91] 6,183,000 694 8,909 — N/a — N/a — N/a Madrid 6,497,000 Municipality 3,266,126 606 5,390[ 92] 6,211,000 1,365 4,550 6,641,649 — N/a — N/a Harbin 6,115,000 City (sub-provincial )10,635,971 53,068 200[ 22] 3,830,000 671 5,708 — N/a — N/a — N/a Houston 6,115,000 City 2,325,502 1,553 1,497[ 49] 6,500,000 4,931 1,318 6,997,384 21,395 327[ 93] Dallas 6,099,000 City 1,345,047 882 1,525[ 49] 6,950,000 5,278 1,317[ r] 7,470,158 22,463 333[ 94] Toronto 6,082,000 City 2,731,571 630 4,336[ 95] [ 96] 6,771,000 2,344 2,889 5,928,040 5,906 1,004[ 97] Miami 6,036,000 City 470,914 93 5,069[ 49] 6,058,000 3,313 1,829 6,158,824 15,890 388 Belo Horizonte 5,972,000 City 2,502,557 331 7,563 5,328,000 1,287 4,140 5,156,217 9,459 545 Singapore 5,792,000 Country 5,638,700 726 7,770 5,983,000 523 11,440 — N/a — N/a — N/a Philadelphia 5,695,000 Consolidated city-county 1,526,006 370 4,129 5,799,000 5,429 1,068 7,381,187 — N/a — N/a Atlanta 5,572,000 City 498,715 354 1,408 5,478,000 7,400 740 5,949,951 21,690 274 Fukuoka 5,551,000 Designated city 1,588,924 343 4,627 2,286,000 505 4,527 — N/a — N/a — N/a Barcelona 5,494,000 Municipality 1,620,343 101 15,980[ 98] 4,800,000 1,072 4,478 5,474,482[ 99] — N/a — N/a Saint Petersburg 5,383,000 Federal city 5,601,911 1,400 4,001[ 100] 5,445,000 1,510 3,606 — N/a — N/a — N/a Qingdao 5,381,000 City (sub-provincial )10,071,722 11,229 897[ 101] 6,229,000 1,759 3,541 — N/a — N/a — N/a Dalian 5,300,000 City (sub-provincial )7,450,785 13,742 542[ 102] 4,135,000 1,044 3,961 — N/a — N/a — N/a Washington 5,207,000 Federal district 702,455 177 3,969[ 49] 7,631,000 5,501 1,387[ s] 10,237,545 17,009 602[ 103] Yangon 5,157,000 City 4,728,524[ 104] — N/a — N/a 6,874,000 666 10,321 — N/a — N/a — N/a Jinan 5,052,000 City (sub-provincial )9,202,432 10,244 898[ 22] [ 23] 4,017,000 932 4,310 — N/a — N/a — N/a Guadalajara 5,023,000 Municipality 1,385,621 151 9,176[ 39] 5,525,000 816 6,771 5,286,642 3,560 1,485
See also
Notes ^ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than onecore city , the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g.Dallas forDallas–Fort Worth metroplex ) or the best-known one (e.g.Manila forMetro Manila , instead ofQuezon City ). ^ Figures taken from official census when possible ^ Figures taken from official census when possible ^ IncludesTangerang ,South Tangerang ,Bogor ,Bekasi andKarawang . ^ Includes large areasTokyo ,Kanagawa ,Chiba andSaitama prefectures and smaller areas ofGunma ,Tochigi andIbaraki prefectures. ^ IncludesFaridabad ,Ghaziabad ,Noida ,Gurgaon andBahadurgarh urban areas andNew Delhi . ^ IncludesTaicang ^ Includes the city ofFoshan . ^ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward itsMetro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such asBulacan ,Cavite ,Laguna ,Rizal ,Pampanga andBatangas provinces. ^ IncludesKalyan and urban areas ofPanvel ,Bhiwandi andVasai-Virar . ^ IncludesFrancisco Morato ^ IncludesBridgeport ,New Haven ,Trenton ,Danbury ,Waterbury andTwin Rivers urban areas. ^ Includes major cities ofKobe andKyoto , collectively also known asKeihanshin area. ^ Greater London is defined by theLondon Government Act 1963 as an "administrative area",[ 63] Greater London Authority . Greater London is coterminous with the Londonregion (a non-administrative area) and divided into theCity of London and 32London boroughs , each a separatelocal government area . Seesubdivisions of England .^ Includes Pretoria ^ Included in Guangzhou ^ Includes the city ofFushun . ^ Includes the city ofFort Worth , collectively known asDallas–Fort Worth metroplex . ^ Includes the city ofBaltimore .
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