Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

List of language regulators

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bodies that are official authorities on standard varieties of a language
This article containsspecial characters. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols.

This is a list of bodies that consider themselves to be authorities on standard languages, often calledlanguage academies. Language academies are motivated by, or closely associated with,linguistic purism andprestige, and typically publishprescriptivedictionaries,[1] which purport to officiate and prescribe the meaning of words and pronunciations. A language regulator may also have a moredescriptive approach, however, while maintaining and promoting (but not imposing) a standard spelling. Many language academies are private institutions, although some are governmental bodies in different states, or enjoy some form of government-sanctioned status in one or more countries. There may also be multiple language academies attempting to regulate andcodify the same language, sometimes based in different countries and sometimes influenced by political factors.

Manyworld languages have one or more language academies or official language bodies. However, the degree of control that the academies exert over these languages does not render the lattercontrolled natural languages in the sense that the various kinds of "simple English" (e.g.,Basic English,Simplified Technical English) orGeorge Orwell's fictionalNewspeak are. They instead remainnatural languages to a considerable extent and are thus notformal languages such asAttempto Controlled English. They have a degree ofstandardization that allows them to function asstandard languages (e.g.,standard French). The English language has never had a formal regulator in any country.

Natural languages

[edit]
LanguageTerritoryRegulator(s)Founded
AmisRepublic of ChinaCouncil of Indigenous Peoples1996
AfrikaansSouth Africa
Namibia
Die Taalkommissie (The Language Commission)1909
AkanGhanaAkan Orthography Committee (AOC)
AlbanianAlbaniaAcademy of Sciences of Albania1972
KosovoAcademy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo1975
ArabicArab LeagueAcademy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية)
AlgeriaSupreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria (المجلس الأعلى للغة العربية بالجزائر‎)1996
EgyptAcademy of the Arabic Language in Cairo (مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة)1932
IraqIraqi Academy of Sciences (المجمع العلمي العراقي)1948
JordanJordan Academy of Arabic (مجمع اللغة العربية الأردني)1924
LibyaAcademy of the Arabic Language in Jamahiriya
MoroccoAcademy of the Arabic Language in Morocco1960
Saudi ArabiaKing Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language (مجمع الملك سلمان العالمي للغة العربية)
SomaliaAcademy of the Arabic Language in Mogadishu
SudanAcademy of the Arabic Language in Khartum
SyriaAcademy of the Arabic Language in Damascus (مجمع اللغة العربية بدمشق)1918
TunisiaBeit Al-Hikma Foundation (مؤسسة بيت الحكمة)1992
IsraelAcademy of the Arabic Language in Israel (مجمع اللغة العربية)2007
AragoneseAragonInstituto de l'Aragonés[2] (Previously:Academy of the Aragonese)2013
ArmenianArmeniaArmenian National Academy of Sciences (Հայաստան)1943
AssameseIndiaIndiaAsam Sahitya Sabha (অসম সাহিত্য সভা)1917
AsturianAsturiasAcademy of the Asturian Language (Academia de la Llingua Asturiana)1980
AzerbaijaniAzerbaijan
Iran
Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası)1945
AymaraBoliviaLanguage and Culture Institute of the Aymara Nation (Instituto de Lengua y Cultura de la Nación Aymara - ILCNA)2013[citation needed]
BalochiIran
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Oman
Balochi Academy Sarbaz (بلۏچی زبانءِ ربیدجاہ)2017
BasqueBasque Country (autonomous community)Basque Country
NavarreNavarre
FranceFrench Basque Country
Euskaltzaindia, often translated asRoyal Academy of the Basque language1918
BelarusianBelarusThe Jakub Kolas and Janka Kupala Institute of Language and Literature[3] at theNational Academy of Sciences of Belarus1929
Bengali (Bangla)BangladeshBangla Academy (বাংলা একাডেমি)1955
IndiaPaschimbanga Bangla Akademi (পশ্চিমবঙ্গ বাংলা আকাদেমি)1986
BerberMoroccoRoyal Institute of Amazight Culture2001
AlgeriaHaut-Conseil à l'amazighité (High Commission for Amazighity)1995
Algerian Academy of Amazigh Language2017
BhojpuriIndiaBhojpuri Academy,Bihar
Maithili - Bhojpuri Academy, Delhi
Bhojpuri Sahitya Academy,Madhya Pradesh
Central BikolPhilippinesAcademia Bicolanadefunct
BosnianBosnia and Herzegovina
Sandžak
University of Sarajevo
BretonBrittanyPublic Office for the Breton Language (Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg)2010
BulgarianBulgariaInstitute for Bulgarian Language at theBulgarian Academy of Sciences1942
BurmeseMyanmarMyanmar Language Commission ( မြန်မာစာအဖွဲ့)1963
CatalanCataloniaInstitute for Catalan Studies (Institut d'Estudis Catalans)1907
Valencian CommunityValencian Language Academy (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua)2001
CebuanoPhilippinesVisayan Academy of Arts and Letters (Akademyang Bisaya)
CherokeeCherokee NationCouncil of the Cherokee Nation (ᏣᎳᎩᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ)[4]
Standard ChineseChinaState Language Work Committee (国家语言文字工作委员会)1986[5]
Republic of ChinaMinistry of Education (教育部)
SingaporePromote Mandarin Council (讲华语运动理事会)1979
MalaysiaChinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia (马来西亚华语规范理事会)
CornishCornwallCornish Language Partnership (Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek)2005
CroatianCroatiaInstitute of Croatian Language and Linguistics (Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje)1948
Bosnia and Herzegovina
CzechCzech RepublicInstitute of the Czech Language (of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) (Ústav pro jazyk český (Akademie věd České republiky))1946
DanishDenmarkDansk Sprognævn (Danish Language Council)1955
DalecarlianSwedenDalarna CountyUlum Dalska1984
DivehiMaldivesDhivehi Academy (ދިވެހި އެކެޑަމީ)2011
DutchNetherlands
Belgium
Suriname
Dutch Language Union (Nederlandse Taalunie)1980
DzongkhaBhutanDzongkha Development Commission (རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས)1968
FaroeseFaroe IslandsFaroese Language Board (Málráðið)1985
FilipinoPhilippinesCommission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino)1937
FinnishFinlandInstitute for the Languages of Finland (Kotimaisten kielten keskus)1976
FrenchFranceFrench Academy (Académie Française)1635
General Delegation for the French language and the languages of France (Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France)1989
BelgiumRoyal Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium (Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique)[citation needed]1920
QuebecOffice québécois de la langue française (Québec Office of the French Language)1961
FriulianFriuli-Venezia GiuliaAgjenzie Regjonâl pe Lenghe Furlane[6]2001
GalicianGaliciaRoyal Galician Academy (Real Academia Galega)1906
GeorgianGeorgia (country)Cabinet of Georgia (საქართველოს მთავრობა)
GermanGermany
Austria
 Switzerland
South Tyrol
Belgium
Alsace
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Namibia
Syddanmark
Opole Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship
Council for German Orthography (Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung)2004
GreenlandicGreenlandThe Greenland Language Secretariat (Oqaasileriffik)1998[7]
GuaraniParaguayGuarani Language Academy (Guarani Ñe’ ẽ Rerekuapavẽ)2013
GujaratiIndiaGujarat Sahitya Akademi (ગુજરાત સાહિત્ય અકાદમી)1981
HakkaRepublic of ChinaHakka Affairs Council (客家委員會)2001
Haitian CreoleHaitiHaitian Creole Academy (Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen)2014
HebrewIsraelAcademy of the Hebrew Language (האקדמיה ללשון העברית)1890
HindiIndiaCentral Hindi Directorate (केन्द्रीय हिन्दी निदेशालय)1960
HmarIndiaHmar Literature Society[citation needed]
HungarianHungary
Slovakia
Romania
Serbia
Austria
Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics (Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont)1949
IcelandicIcelandÁrni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies (Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum)1962
IgboNigeriaSociety for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture1949
IndonesianIndonesiaAgency for Language Development and Cultivation (Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa)1947
InuktitutCanadaInuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ)1971
IrishIreland
Northern Ireland
Foras na Gaeilge (Irish Institute)1999
ItalianItaly
 San Marino
 Switzerland
Vatican City
Monaco
Corsica
Istria County
Eritrea
Libya
Accademia della Crusca (Academy of the bran)1583
JapaneseJapanNo official centralized regulation, butde facto regulations byAgency for Cultural Affairs (文化庁) at theMinistry of Education of Japan (文部科学省)[8]1934 (predecessor),[9] 2000 (current)
KabiyeTogoKabiye Academy (Académie kabiyè)1975[10]
KannadaIndiaKarnatakaVarious academies and Government ofKarnataka
KashubianPolandThe Kashubian Language Council (Radzëzna Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka)2006
KazakhKazakhstanMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Қазақстан Республикасының Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі)2022
KhmerCambodiaRoyal Academy of Cambodia (រាជបណ្ឌិត្យសភាកម្ពុជា)1965
KoreanSouth KoreaNational Institute of the Korean Language (국립국어원/國立國語院)1991
North KoreaThe Language Research Institute, Academy of Social Science (사회과학원 어학연구소)
ChinaChina Korean Language Regulatory Commission (중국조선어규범위원회/中国朝鲜语规范委员会)
KvenNorwayKainun institutti – kvensk institutt2007
KurdishKurdistanKurdish Academy (ئەکادیمیای کوردی)1971
KyrgyzKyrgyzstanNational Committee for State Language under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic (Кыргыз Республикасынын Президентине караштуу Мамлекеттик тил боюнча улуттук комиссия)2009[11]
LaoLaosEducational Science Research Institute, Ministry of Education and Sports (ສະຖາບັນຄົ້ນຄວ້າວິທະຍາສາດການສືກສາ ກະຊວງສຶກສາທິການ ແລະ ກີລາ)
Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, National University of Laos (ສະຖາບັນວິທະຍາສາດສັງຄົມ ຄະນະອັກສອນສາດ ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລແຫ່ງຊາດລາວ)
LatinHoly SeePontifical Academy for Latin (Pontificia Academia Latinitatis)[12]2012
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (of theInternational Association for Plant Taxonomy: botanical Latin)1867
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (of theInternational Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: zoological Latin)1905
LatvianLatviaLatvian State Language Center (Valsts Valodas Centrs)1992
LithuanianLithuaniaCommission of the Lithuanian Language (Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija)1990
LusogaUgandaLusoga Language Authority
LuxembourgishLuxembourgCouncil for the Luxembourgish Language (Conseil fir d'Letzebuerger Sprooch)1998
MacedonianNorth MacedoniaLinguistics and Literary Science Department at theMacedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts1967
MalagasyMadagascarMalagasy Academy (Académie Malgache)1902
MalayMalaysiaInstitute of Language and Literature (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka)1956
BruneiLanguage and Literature Bureau (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka)1960
SingaporeMajlis Bahasa Melayu Singapura (Malay Language Council, Singapore)
MalayalamIndiaKerala Sahitya Akademi (കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി)1956
MalteseMaltaNational Council for the Maltese Language (Il-Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ilsien Malti)2005
ManxIsle of ManManx Language Advisory Council (Coonceil ny Gaelgey)1985
MāoriNew ZealandMāori Language Commission (Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori)1987
MarathiIndiaMaharashtra Sahitya Parishad (महाराष्ट्र साहित्य परिषद)1906
Meitei (officially calledManipuri)IndiaDirectorate of Language Planning and Implementation (ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯂꯦꯡꯒ꯭ꯋꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ꯭ꯗ ꯏꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ)2013
Manipuri Sahitya Parishad (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌ ꯄꯔꯤꯁꯗ)1935
MirandesePortugalAnstituto de la Lhéngua Mirandesa (Institute of the Mirandese Language)2000
MixtecMexicoAcademy of the Mixtec Language (Ve'e Tu'un Sávi)1997
Khalkha MongolianMongoliaCouncil of the official state language (Төрийн хэлний зөвлөл). Decisions have to be confirmed by the Mongolian government.[13]
Chakhar MongolianChinaCouncil for Language and Literature Work
Nepali   NepalNepal Academy (नेपाल प्रज्ञा–प्रतिष्ठान)1957
Northern FrisianNorth FrisiaNorthern Frisian Institute (Nordfriisk Instituut)1964
Norwegian (Riksmål/Bokmål)NorwayNorwegian Academy1953
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Norwegian Language Council2005
OccitanOccitania
France
Spain
Monaco
Italy
Occitan Language Council (Conselh de la Lenga Occitana),[14]
Permanent Congress of the Occitan Language (Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana),[15]
Institute of Aranese Studies (Institut d'Estudis Aranesi) (Aranese)[16]
1996
OdiaIndiaOdisha Sahitya Akademi (ଓଡ଼ିଶା ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଏକାଡେମୀ)1957
PashtoAfghanistanAcademy of Sciences of Afghanistan (د علومو اکاډمي نښه)1978
PakistanPashto Academy (پښتو اکېډمي)1955
PersianIranAcademy of Persian Language and Literature (فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی)1935
AfghanistanAcademy of Sciences of Afghanistan (آکادمی علوم افغانستان)1978
PaiwanRepublic of ChinaCouncil of Indigenous Peoples1996
PolishPolandPolish Language Council (Rada Języka Polskiego)1996
PortuguesePortugalLisbon Academy of Sciences (Academia das Ciências de Lisboa)1779
BrazilBrazilian Academy of Letters (Academia Brasileira de Letras)1897
GaliciaGalician Academy of the Portuguese Language (Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa)2008
QuechuaEcuadorAcademy of the Kichwa Language (Kichwa Amawta Kamachik/ Academia de la Lengua Kichwa, abbreviated 'KAMAK')[17]2003[17]
PeruPeruvian Ministriesof Education andof Culture (as part of their functions)
Department of CuzcoHigh Academy of the Quechua Language (Qheswa Simi Hamut'ana Kuraq Suntur/ Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua)1953[18]
Department of CajamarcaCajamarca Regional Academy of the Quechua Language (Academia Regional del Idioma Quechua de Cajamarca - ARIQ)[19][20]1986[20]
Department of AncashAncash Regional Academy of Quechua (Academia Regional de Quechua de Ancash - ARQA)
BoliviaLanguage and Culture Institute of the Quechua Nation (Instituto de Lengua y Cultura de la Nación Quechua - ILCNQ)2013[21]
Department of CochabambaCochabamba Regional Academy of the Quechua Language (Academia Regional de la Lengua Quechua de Cochabamba)
RohingyaArakan (Rakhine State)Rohingya Language Academy (𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴎𐴟𐴁𐴝𐴕 𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴝𐴋𐴠𐴔𐴞)
RomanianRomaniaAcademia Română (Romanian Academy)1866
MoldovaAcademy of Sciences of Moldova (Academia de Științe a Moldovei)1961
Romansh  SwitzerlandLia Rumantscha1919
RussianRussia
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Russian Language Institute (Институт русского языка)1944
ScotsScotlandScots Language Centre (Center for the Scots Leid)1993
Northern Ireland
Ireland
Ulster-Scots Agency (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch)1999
Scottish GaelicScotlandThe Gaelic Board (Bòrd na Gàidhlig)2006
SecwepemctsínCanadaSecwepemc Cultural Education Society1983
Serbian andMontenegrinSerbia
Montenegro
Srpska
Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language (Одбор за стандардизацију српског језика)1997
SicilianSicilyCademia Siciliana[22]2016
SindhiPakistanSindhi Language Authority (سنڌي ٻولي جو با اختيار ادارو)1992
SinhalaSri LankaHela Havula (හෙළ හවුල)1941
SlovakSlovakiaSlovak Academy of Sciences (Slovenská akadémia vied)1942
SloveneSloveniaSlovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti)1938
SomaliDjibouti
Ethiopia
Somalia
Regional Somali Language Academy (Akademiye Goboleedka Af Soomaaliga)2013
SorbianGermany
Czech Republic
Poland
Sorbian Institute (Serbski institut)1951
SpanishSpain
Colombia
Ecuador
Mexico
El Salvador
Venezuela
Chile
Peru
Guatemala
Costa Rica
Philippines
Panama
Cuba
Paraguay
Bolivia
Dominican Republic
Nicaragua
Argentina
Uruguay
Honduras
Puerto Rico
United States
Equatorial Guinea
Israel
Association of Spanish Language Academies1951
SwahiliTanzaniaNational Swahili Council (Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa)1967
KenyaNational Kiswahili Association (Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa)1998
SwedishSwedenLanguage Council of Sweden (Språkrådet)1941
Swedish Academy (Svenska Akademien)1786
FinlandInstitute for the Languages of Finland
TajikTajikistan
Uzbekistan
Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature (Институти забон ва адабиёт ба номи А. Рӯдакии)1932
TamilIndiaDepartment of Tamil Development and Information, Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் வளர்ச்சி மற்றும் தகவல் துறை, தமிழ் நாடு)1831
International Institute of Tamil Studies (உலகத் தமிழாராய்ச்சி நிறுவனம்)1970
Tamil University (தமிழ்ப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்)1981
Central Institute of Classical Tamil (செம்மொழித் தமிழாய்வு மத்திய நிறுவனம்)2008
World Tamil Sangam (உலகத் தமிழ்ச் சங்கம்)2016
Sri LankaDepartment of Official Languages (அதிகாரப்பூர்வ மொழிகள் துறை)1931
SingaporeTamil Language Council (வளர்தமிழ் இயக்கம்)2000
MalaysiaMalaysian Tamil Language Standardisation Council (மலேசியத் தமிழ் மொழியின் காப்பகம்)2019
CanadaFederation of Tamil Sangams of North America1987
United States
TatarTatarstanTatarstan Academy of Sciences (Татарстан Республикасы Фәннәр академиясе)1804
TeluguIndiaTelugu Academy and Official Language Commission ofGovernment of Andhra Pradesh
TetumEast TimorNational Institute of Linguistics at the National University of East Timor
ThaiThailandRoyal Society of Thailand (ราชบัณฑิตยสภา)1926
TibetanChinaTibet Autonomous RegionCommittee for Tibetan Language Affairs[1]
IndiaCommittee for the Standardisation of the Tibetan Language
TuluIndiaKarnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy
TurkishTurkey
Cyprus
 Northern Cyprus
Turkish Language Association (Türk Dil Kurumu)1932
UkrainianUkraineNASU Institute of Ukrainian Language1991
UrduPakistanNational Language Promotion Department (اِدارۀ فروغِ قومی زُبان)
IndiaNational Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (قومی کونسل برائے فروغ اردو زبان)
UrhoboNigeriaUrhobo Studies Association
VenetianVenetoAcademia de ła Bona Creansa (Academy of the Fair Courtesy, NGO accredited with advisory function for Unesco ICH 2003 ConventionAcademy of the Venetian Language)[citation needed]2014
VietnameseVietnamInstitute of Linguistics ofVietnam Academy of Social Sciences
VõroEstoniaVõro Institute
WarayPhilippinesSanghiran san Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (Academy of the Visayan Language of Samar and Leyte)defunct
WelshWalesWelsh Language Commissioner (Comisiynydd y Gymraeg)2012
West FrisianFrieslandFryske Akademy (Frisian Academy)1938
WolofSenegalCentre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (Center of Applied Linguistics of Dakar at theCheikh Anta Diop University)
YiddishUnited States
Sweden
Russia
YIVO[23]1925
YorubaNigeriaYoruba Academy2007

Constructed languages

[edit]

Apart from theAkademio de Esperanto, mostconstructed languages (also calledconlangs) have no true linguistic regulators or language academies.[24]

Auxiliary languages

[edit]
See also:International auxiliary languages
LanguageRegulator(s)
EsperantoAkademio de Esperanto
IdoUniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido
Lingua Franca NovaAsosia per Lingua Franca Nova [d]
VolapükKadäm Volapüka

Esperanto

[edit]

Esperanto andIdo have beenconstructed (or planned) by a person or small group, before being adopted and further developed by communities of users throughnatural language evolution.

Bodies such as theAkademio de Esperanto look at questions of usage in the light of the original goals and principles of the language.

Interlingua

[edit]

Interlingua has no regulating body, as its vocabulary, grammar, and orthography are viewed as a product of ongoing social forces. In theory, Interlingua therefore evolves independent from any human regulator. Interlingua's vocabulary isverified and recorded by dynamically applying certain general principles to an existing set of natural languages and their etymologies. TheInternational Auxiliary Language Association ceased to exist in 1954, and according to the secretary ofUnion Mundial de Interlingua "Interlingua doesn't need its Academy".[24]

Other constructed languages

[edit]
LanguageCreator(s)Regulator(s)
KlingonMarc Okrand
LojbanLogical Language Group
NaʼviPaul Frommer
TalossanRobert Ben MadisonComità per l'Útzil del Glheþ
SindarinJ. R. R. TolkienElvish Linguistic Fellowship
Quenya

Other bodies

[edit]

These bodies do not attempt to regulate any language in a prescriptive manner and are primarily concerned with aiding and advising the government on policies regarding language usage.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Thomas, George (1991)Linguistic purism p.108, quotation:

    Whereas a number of the puristically motivated language societies have assumedde facto responsibility for language cultivation, the decisions of the academies have often had the force of law. ... Since academies are so closely associated with the notion of purism, a brief word on their history may not be out of place. The first academy to deal expressly and exclusively with language matters was theAccademia della Crusca ... Its orientation was essentially conservative, favouring a return to the Tuscan language as cultivated in the fourteenth century over the innovations of contemporary renaissance poets such as Torquato Tasso. ... One of its first tasks -- as with so many academies to follow -- was to produce a large-scale prescriptive dictionary of Italian

  2. ^"Instituto de l'Aragonés".Academia Aragonesa de la Lengua (in Spanish). Retrieved30 September 2023.
  3. ^"Organizations Attached to the Department of Humanitarian Sciences and Arts". National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Archived fromthe original on 13 April 2012. Retrieved8 June 2012.Field of Activities: ... compilation of the Belarusian language dictionaries including Belarusian – the other Slavonic languages and the other Slavonic languages – Belarusian dictionaries; ...
  4. ^Council of the Cherokee Nation
  5. ^Spolsky, Bernard (8 June 2014)."Language management in the People's Republic of China"(PDF).{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
  6. ^"Agenzia Regionale per la Lingua Friulana".ARLeF (in Italian). Retrieved30 September 2023.
  7. ^"Organization – Language Secretariat". Retrieved11 October 2023.
  8. ^"文化審議会について" [About Council for Cultural Affairs].Agency for Cultural Affairs (in Japanese). Retrieved25 July 2024.
  9. ^"官制に基づく国語審議会" [About National Language Council by the Former Constitutional Government].Agency for Cultural Affairs (in Japanese). Retrieved25 July 2024.
  10. ^"Naissance et évolution de l'Académie Kabiyè".Académie Kabiyè | Kabiye Akademii (in French). Retrieved11 October 2023.
  11. ^"The State Language | Kyrgyzaeronavigatsia".kan.kg. Retrieved11 October 2023.
  12. ^"Pontificia Academia Latinitatis" (in Latin). Vatican.va. 10 November 2012. Retrieved19 August 2013.
  13. ^"Хуулийн нэгдсэн портал сайт".Legalinfo.mn (in Mongolian). Archived fromthe original on 14 September 2015. Retrieved19 December 2015.
  14. ^"CLO". Retrieved6 September 2021.
  15. ^"Lo Congrès".locongres.org. Retrieved25 October 2019.
  16. ^"Reconeishença der Institut d'Estudis Aranesi coma academia e autoritat lingüistica der occitan, aranés en Aran - Conselh Generau d'Aran".conselharan.org.
  17. ^abPotosí C., Fabián (2013). "Bosquejo Histórico y Lingüístico Qichwa".Kichwa yachakukkunapa shimiyuk kamu : Runa shimi - mishu shimi, mishu shimi - runa shimi(PDF). Quito: Ministerio de Educación, DINEIB. pp. 7–17.
  18. ^Durston, Alan (2019).Escritura en quechua y sociedad serrana en transformación: Perú, 1920-1960. Travaux de l'Institut français d'études andines (Primera edición ed.). Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos : Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. pp. 68–69.ISBN 978-612-4358-03-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  19. ^"Runasimipi Llaqta Takikuna (Willka Takiy)".www.runasimi.de. Retrieved6 April 2024.
  20. ^ab"Cajamarca: XXXVI Aniversario de la Academia Regional del Idioma Quechua de Cajamarca".agenciaperu.net. Retrieved6 April 2024.
  21. ^"Inauguran Instituto de Lengua y Cultura de la Nación Quechua".Los Tiempos (in Spanish). 9 August 2013. Retrieved6 April 2024.
  22. ^"Standardizzazione Ortografica". Retrieved4 April 2024.
  23. ^"YIVO Institute". Retrieved25 October 2019.
  24. ^abJohan Derks, Prilingvaj institutoj de 18 naciaj lingvoj (Language Institutes of eighteen states), Interlingvistikaj Studoj, UAM, 2014/17, Esperanta Interlingvistiko 1
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_language_regulators&oldid=1317549487"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp