The following is alist ofhoaxes:

These types of hoaxes are semi-comical or private "sting operations" intended to expose people. They usually encourage people to act foolishly or credulously by falling for patent nonsense that the hoaxer deliberately presents as reality.

• TheAtlanta Nights hoax novel.
• The practice of growingbonsai kittens in jars.
• The British television seriesBrass Eye, which encouraged celebrities to pledge their support to nonexistent causes to highlight their willingness to do anything for publicity.
• Dihydrogen monoxide, a facetious technical term forwater.
• Disumbrationism, a hoax art exhibit.
• Genpets, a hoax mixed-media art installation of bio-engineered pet creatures.
• Grunge speak, an allegedslang of theSeattle rock underground, concocted by aSub Pop employee and profiled inThe New York Times.
• Thehouse hippo hoax briefly perpetrated byConcerned Children's Advertisers inpublic service announcements designed to encourage children to view items in the media with a critical eye.
• TheID Sniper rifle, a rifle that shoots GPS-enabled microchips to mark and track suspects.
• TheMorristown UFO hoax of 2009.
• ThePacific Northwest tree octopus (Octopus paxarbolis), anamphibiousoctopus.
• Project Alpha, which was orchestrated byJames Randi and exposed poor research intopsychic phenomena.
• TheQuadrant hoax involving historianKeith Windschuttle.
• Joey Skaggs's media pranks, including Cathouse for Dogs (1976).
• SINA, the Society for Indecency to Naked Animals, the first media hoax ofAlan Abel.
• TheSokal affair, which scrutinized an academic journal'sintellectual rigor.
• TheStraith hoax letter sent toGeorge Adamski falsely stating that theUS State Department endorsed hiscontactee claims; created byufologists Gray Barker andJames W. Moseley to bait Adamski into publicizing the forgery and thereby discrediting himself.^[1][2]
• Nat Tate, an imaginary artist about whoma biography was published in 1998 byWilliam Boyd intended to temporarily fool the art world.
• TheTaxil hoax byLéo Taxil, poking fun at theRoman Catholic Church's attitude towardFreemasonry.
• The avant-garde "music" of the fictitiousPiotr Zak.
• Venus de Brizet, a statue discovered in a French farm field and declared amonument historique for presumed ancient Roman origins, before being revealed to have been buried as apublicity stunt by a living artist.

Deliberate hoaxes orjournalistic scandals that have drawn widespread attention include:

• Jayson Blair, reporter forThe New York Times.
• Cello scrotum, a hoax medical condition originally published as a brief case report in theBritish Medical Journal in 1974.
• Conspiracy 58, a Swedishmockumentary about the1958 FIFA World Cup.
• Janet Cooke, who won thePulitzer Prize for her fictitiousWashington Post story about an eight-year-old heroin addict named Jimmy.
• Sidd Finch, a fictitiousyogi andpitcher who threw a 168 mph ball, supposedly discovered by theMets and profiled byGeorge Plimpton inSports Illustrated for April Fool's Day 1985.^[3]
• TheFlemish Secession hoax of 2006.
• Fuckart & Pimp, a hoax exhibition at London'sDecima gallery which purported to be the show of a female artist having sex with clients to consummate the sale of her paintings, created a worldwide media scandal but was later revealed to be a hoax.
• Stephen Glass, reporter forThe New Republic.
• TheGreat Moon Hoax of 1835;Edgar Allan Poe would later claim that this was inspired by his own story "The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall," which was published only a few months before.
• TheGreat Wall of China hoax of 1899, a fake news article describing bids by American businesses on a contract to demolish theGreat Wall of China and construct a road in its place. The story was reprinted by a number of newspapers.
• Johann Hari, journalist forThe Independent,The New York Times,The Huffington Post and other media organizations, who committed acts of plagiarism, fabricated sources and quotes, and posted malicious comments to social media and edits to the Wikipedia biographies of his critics and opponents. Hari was forced to return theOrwell Prize (which he won in 2008) after it was withdrawn by the Orwell Prize Council.^[4]
• TheHolocaust teaching hoax of 2007.
• Washington Irving, who created a hoax about the supposedly missingDiedrich Knickerbocker.
• Jack Kelley, longtimeUSA Today correspondent.
• David Lassman, who wrote the 2007 "Rejecting Jane" article, which chronicledJane Austen's rejection by modern-day publishers.
• The New York Zoo hoax of 1874.
• Nik Cohn'sNew York magazine article, "Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night", which was the source material for the movieSaturday Night Fever, and which Cohn admitted decades later had been fiction, not reportage.
• David Manning, a fictitiousfilm critic created bySony in order to praiseColumbia Pictures films for advertising purposes.
• Edgar Allan Poe created a hoax of moon travel in "The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall," as well asThe Balloon-Hoax, a hoax newspaper article about the first transatlantic balloon trip (1844).
• "A Rape on Campus", an article written bySabrina Erdely and published byRolling Stone magazine that reported an allegedgang rape of a female college student by college men in graphic detail, but was later found to have been entirely fabricated by the "victim" and the journalist.
• San Serriffe, a fictional island nation made the subject of an extensive report created for April Fools' Day 1977 by Britain'sGuardian newspaper.
• Frank Scully's columns forVariety magazine and his 1950 bookBehind the Flying Saucers, which said the US government had recovered crashedflying saucers and bodies of space aliens. Scully may have been hoaxed by thecon men behind theAztec crashed saucer hoax, but he never admitted this despite national magazine exposés of the fraud.^[5]

This list does not include hoax articles published on or aroundApril 1, a long list of which can be found in theList of April Fools' Day jokes article.

• Cedric Allingham, a fictitious author who wrote a book about meeting the pilot of aMartian spacecraft. Allingham was created by British astronomerPatrick Moore and his friend Peter Davies.
• Alien Autopsy, a hoax film byRay Santilli.
• Alternative 3, a 1977 Britishmockumentary about a global government conspiracy to evacuate world luminaries to Mars before an expectedapocalypse. The film is a work of fiction meant to satirizeconspiracy theories, but some conspiracy theorists believed it was part of an actual conspiracy.^[6]
• Amina Abdallah Arraf al Omari, a fictitious Syrian blogger.
• The Amityville Horror, ghostly events reported by the buyers of a house where another family had been murdered.
• The Archko Volume, a collection of documents purportedly related to the life ofJesus.
• Atlanta Nights, a deliberately badcollaborative novel written by a group ofscience fiction andfantasy authors under thepen name "Travis Tea" to exposePublishAmerica as avanity press.
• The Awful Disclosures ofMaria Monk, a book about the purported sexual enslavement of a nun.
• TheAztec crashed saucer hoax, a 1948 flying saucer crash inAztec, New Mexico, concocted by two con men to sell equipment said to have been recovered from the site. Although the pair was convicted of fraud for this enterprise, reports of the crash—notably those written byFrank Scully—were later taken seriously by ufologists.^[5][7][8][9]
• Theballoon boy hoax, about a boy reported to be traveling uncontrollably at high altitude in a homemadehelium balloon, but was later discovered to be hiding in the attic of his house.
• Bananadine, a fictional drug supposedly made frombananas.
• Thebathtub hoax, an imaginary history of the bathtub published byH. L. Mencken.
• Johann Beringer's Lying Stones, carvings of fictitious animalfossils.
• TheBerners Street hoax that occurred inWestminster,England in 1810.
• Franz Bibfeldt, a fictitioustheologian originally invented to provide a footnote for a divinity school student, which later became an in-joke among academic theologians.
• The Big Donor Show, a hoaxreality television program in theNetherlands about aterminally ill woman donating herkidneys to one of three people requiring a transplantation.
• C. W. Blubberhouse, whose letters in UK national newspapers were exposed as a hoax by theSunday Times.
• Blue waffle, a supposedly contagioussexually-transmitted infection affecting only women, causing a blue discoloration of the vagina.
• Pierre Brassau, a pseudonym for achimpanzee whose art was exhibited in a gallery under the presumption that Brassau was a real human artist. The chimpanzee received positive reviews from several critics.
• TheCalaveras Skull, a human skull found by miners inCalaveras County,California, which was purported to prove thathumans,mastodons, andelephants had coexisted in California.
• TheCardiff Giant, a hoax of a hoax;P. T. Barnum had a replica made because he could not obtain the "genuine" hoax item.
• Otis T. Carr's flying saucer, which he claimed would be capable of space travel using "free energy" principles developed byNikola Tesla.^[2]
• TheCERN ritual, a supposed occult sacrifice on the grounds ofCERN.
• China Under the Empress Dowager, co-authored bySir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet using a forged diary as a major source, with a manuscript of Backhouse's memoirs also being mostly fiction. He also falsely represented himself as representing theChinese Imperial Court in business deals and donated forged books to theBodleian Library.
• TheCottingley Fairies, photographs of cut-outfairies believed to be real.
• Crop circles; English pranksters Doug Bower and Dave Chorley claimed they started the phenomenon, and hundreds of "copycat" circles have been fabricated since by other hoaxers.

• Dahu, a legendary creature known inFrance,Switzerland, and northernItaly.
• Thedisappearing blonde gene, a hoax claiming that natural blondes would become extinct.
• Document 12-571-3570, supposedly establishing thatsex had taken place during aNASA space mission.
• TheDonation of Constantine, a forged imperial decree by which the 4th-century emperorConstantine the Great supposedly transferred authority overRome and theWestern Roman Empire to thePope.
• Drake's Plate of Brass, aforgery that purported to be the brass plaque thatFrancis Drake posted upon landing inNorthern California in 1579.
• TheDreadnought hoax, perpetrated in 1910 byHorace de Vere Cole and a group of friends who, pretending to be an official delegation fromAbyssinia, tricked theRoyal Navy into giving them an official tour of the battleshipHMS Dreadnought.
• Drop bears, a supposed dangerous species ofkoala.
• TheElm Guest House hoax, false allegations that prominent British men had engaged in child sexual abuse at a London hotel.
• TheEmulex hoax, astock manipulation scheme.
• The English Mercurie, a literary hoax purporting to be the first English-language newspaper.
• TheFiji mermaid, the supposed remains of a half-fish half-human hybrid.
• Thefurry trout, a fictional legendary creature consisting of atrout with a thick coat of fur.

• Gay Jesus film hoax, a long-runningchain letter claiming that a movie depictingJesus as a gayswinger will soon be released
• Geostationary Banana Over Texas, an apparent hoax to secure artistic funding.
• Going Places, a public media debate on the nature of art provoked by University of Leeds art students pretending to take a week-long vacation in Spain, then presenting the vacation as their end-of-year project.
• TheGorgeous Guy, an apparently motiveless hoax which gained the perpetrator some media attention.
• TheGosford Glyphs, a supposed group ofEgyptian hieroglyphs discovered in the 1970s inCentral Coast, New South Wales, Australia.
• Grávida de Taubaté, a Brazilian woman who pretended to be pregnant with quadruplets in 2012 and gained national media attention before her pregnancy was revealed to be bogus.
• TheMichael Guglielmucci cancer scandal, in which a pastor claimed to have terminal cancer.
• TheGulf Breeze UFO incident, allegedunidentified flying object (UFO) sightings and photographs by a man inGulf Breeze, Florida in 1987–1988; a small UFO model was found hidden in his former home in 1990, and his photos could be closely duplicated using the model.^[10]
• Hanxin, aDSPmicrochip claimed to be developed completely byChen Jin himself, later found to be aMotorola microchip with its original trademark sanded away.
• Tania Head (Alicia Esteve Head), who claimed to be a9/11 survivor and received widespread media attention.
• Joice Heth, an African-American slave exhibited byP. T. Barnum asGeorge Washington's nurse.
• Histoire de l'Inquisition en France, a forged 1829 book by Étienne-Léon de Lamothe-Langon.
• Francis Hetling, a fictional Victorian era photographer whose photographs were widely shown as real.
• Marie Sophie Hingst, a German woman who claimed to be the Jewish descendant of Holocaust survivors.^[11]
• TheHitler Diaries, purportedly written byAdolf Hitler.
• "Hold on Tight!", a hoax episode of the British TV comedyInside No. 9 which was advertised to be broadcast, but was never actually made.
• TheHorn Papers, agenealogical hoax.
• Hunting for Bambi, a fictional competition tohunt semi-naked women withpaintball guns in the deserts ofLas Vegas.^[12]
• Hurricane Shark or Street Shark, a recurring hoax appearing to show a shark swimming in a flooded urban area, usually after ahurricane. A 2022 video of such a shark or large fish, however, proved to be real.^[13]
• I, Libertine, a hoax perpetrated byJean Shepherd to manipulateThe New York Times Best Seller list, which was later developed into a real book.
• TheiOS 8 "Apple Wave" microwave charging online hoax, claiming thatmicrowaving an iPhone would charge it.
• TheIreland Shakespeare forgeries, a collection ofShakespeare-related documents supposedly discovered byWilliam Henry Ireland and published in 1795 by his father,Samuel Ireland; the discoveries included a "lost" play,Vortigern and Rowena.
• Clifford Irving'sbiography ofHoward Hughes.

• Thejackalope, a legendary animal described as ajackrabbit withantlers.
• TheJacko hoax, a supposedgorilla orsasquatch caught nearYale,British Columbia, in 1884.
• TheTrevor Jacob plane crash, which Jacob deliberately staged in 2021 forYouTube views, claiming it was an accident caused by engine failure.
• Pope Joan, a woman who allegedly served as pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 855–857 while posing as a man, and was reportedly killed after unexpectedly giving birth.^[14]
• Kryakutnoy, the purported Russian inventor of thehot air balloon.
• TheLady Hope Story, a claim ofCharles Darwin's deathbed conversion to evangelical Christianity.
• Lenin was a mushroom, a television hoax by Soviet musician Sergey Kuryokhin and reporter Sergey Sholokhov. It was first broadcast on 17 May 1991 on Leningrad Television.
• TheLigma-Johnson hoax, hatched by two amateur actors pretending to be recently firedTwitter employees.
• Lucy Lightfoot, a supposed legend from theIsle of Wight about a girl who disappeared in 1831; she was later admitted to have been made up in the 1960s by the vicar ofSt Olave's Church, Gatcombe.
• Llandegley International Airport, a non-existent airport indicated by a real roadside sign inWales since 2002.
• TheMajestic 12 papers documenting a secret US government committee investigating UFO activity in the 1950s. The existence of the committee remains disputed, but the papers are broadly agreed to be forgeries produced by ufologistBill Moore or supplied to him as a prank.^[15]
• Ern Malley, a fictitious poet.
• TheMars hoax (also called the Two Moons hoax), a yearly hoax started in 2003 that falsely claims that at a certain date,Mars will appear as large as afull moon.^[16]
• The Masked Marauders, a non-existent album "reviewed" as a prank byRolling Stone magazine. The album was alleged to feature a jam session betweenBob Dylan,Mick Jagger,John Lennon, andPaul McCartney. Shortly thereafter,Rolling Stone hired several celebrity impersonators and session musicians to record the album.
• Eva and Franco Mattes have perpetrated a number of hoaxes, including the fakeVatican web site "vaticano.org" and the fictitious artist Darko Maver.
• TheMaury Island incident, a 1947 flying saucer hoax thatFred Crisman and Harold Dahl concocted to sell to a science fiction magazine.^[17] The men initially said that a mysterious stranger in a dark suit warned them to keep quiet; this may be the first report ofmen in black, later a common element in UFO folklore.^[18]
• Han van Meegeren, a prolific Dutch art forger who revealed his craft to defend himself from criminal charges in the Netherlands for having sold a fakeVermeer to Nazi leaderHermann Göring; the painting appeared so authentic that he had to paint another fake Vermeer in prison to prove his skill.^[19]
• TheMicrosoft acquisition hoax, a 1994 hoax claiming thatMicrosoft had acquired the Roman Catholic Church. The hoax is considered to be the first hoax to reach a mass audience on the Internet.^[20] Despite debunking by Microsoft, similar stories about Microsoft and other companies implementing unrealistic acquisitions continued.
• TheMiscovich emeralds hoax, an attempt by a diver to pass modern emeralds off as treasures from a sunken Spanishgalleon.
• TheMomo Challenge, a fake social media challenge supposedly encouraging children toinjure andkill themselves.
• TheMonster of Lake Fagua, an 18th-century hoax about a dragon-like monster supposedly found inSpanish Peru.
• TheRobert Mueller sexual assault hoax, perpetrated by far-right conspiracy theoristsJack Burkman andJacob Wohl.
• TheMaggie Murphy hoax, a hoax that claimed that a farmer grew an oversized potato.

• Naked Came the Stranger: a 1969 novel by a group of American journalists attempting to satisfy, and thus expose, what they perceived as degraded standards in popularAmerican literature; it succeeded, selling about 90,000 copies before the hoax was revealed.
• Nibiru cataclysm: arogue planet and doomsday theory involving a planet collision withEarth. Debunked byNASA and others as a hoax.
• TheNiger uranium forgeries, false documents suggestingSaddam Hussein was to purchaseuranium from Niger.
• Nullarbor Nymph, a hoax perpetrated inAustralia between 1971 and 1972 that involved supposed sightings of a half-naked woman living amongstkangaroos on theNullarbor Plain.
• Ompax spatuloides, a "fish" supposedly discovered in 1872 in Australia as a practical joke onKarl Theodor Staiger, which also fooledFrancis de Laporte de Castelnau into writing a scientific description of the "species". It was made of a mullet, an eel, and the head of a platypus.
• The Works of Ossian, "translated" byJames MacPherson.
• Our First Time, an early popularized Internet hoax involving two purported 18-year-olds who claimed they would live broadcast themselves losing theirvirginity.
• Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World, a fake document alleging Jewish superiority overGentiles by a non-existentrabbi named Emmanuel Rabinovich.
• Edward Owens, a fictitious fisherman turnedpirate whose story was perpetrated on the English-language Wikipedia in 2008 by a class atGeorge Mason University.
• Pan Am Flight 914, a hoax about a flight that disappeared and landed thirty years later.
• Paul is dead, which claims thatPaul McCartney died in 1966 and was secretly replaced.
• Pé de Chinesa, a fictionalBrazilian soap opera.
• ThePepsi needle hoax, a series of fraudulent claims about finding needles in cans ofPepsi made in 1993.
• Theperpetual motion engines built byJohn Ernst Worrell Keely andCharles Redheffer.
• ThePersian Princess, a mummy of an alleged princess which surfaced in October 2000. It proved to be an archaeological forgery and possibly a modern murder victim.
• ThePiltdown Man, whose remains were purported to be "themissing link" between apes and humans.
• Plainfield Teachers College, a fictitious school whose football scores ended up in major newspapers in 1941.
• Platinum Weird, a deliberate hoax byDave Stewart andKara DioGuardi about a fictitious band from 1974 promoted usingfalse advertising.
• ThePompey stone, a stone carved as a hoax in the 1820s and dated to 1520, revealed 1894.^[21]
• Cornelis Poortman, a Dutch official of theDutch East Indies who supposedly recovered 2 Chinese chronicles fromPalembang,Sumatra andCirebon,Java.
• The Poppy Fields, a made-up band that earned a number 24 hit for "45 RPM", a song they had not recorded.
• Prester John, fictitious 12th-century king of a powerful but vaguely described and non-existent Christian empire in Asia, and the alleged writer of a famous forged letter likely written to build support for theCrusades.^[22]
• Princess Caraboo, also known as Mary Baker, a woman in England who alleged to be a princess from a far-off land.
• ThePriory of Sion, a made-up secret society that plays a prominent role inThe Da Vinci Code.^[23]
• Progesterex, a fictitious date-rape drug.
• Prophecy of the Popes, a Latin document predicting the next Popes.
• The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a book instrumental in the surge ofantisemitism during the twentieth century.^[24]
• George Psalmanazar, who claimed to come from "Formosa".
• Psychic surgery, a pseudoscientific medical practice where the practitioner pretends to perform surgery on the patient.

• Q33 NY, an Internet hoax based on the 9/11 attacks.
• Thequiz show scandals of the 1950s, wherein game shows were presented as legitimate contests despite being fixed or completely scripted.
• A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century, an antisemitic fake document.
• Tamara Rand's prediction of the 1981 assassination attempt onRonald Reagan, which was actually made after the fact (Randi 1982:329).
• Redcore, a Chinese browser purported to be developed in-house, but was revealed to be based onChromium.^[25]
• "Rejecting Jane", an article that chronicles publishing houses' rejection of the opening chapters ofJane Austen novels submitted to them under a pseudonym by British writerDavid Lassman.
• The Report from Iron Mountain, a literary hoax claiming that the United States government had concluded that peace was not in the economy's best interest.
• TheRosenhan experiment, involving the admission of healthy "pseudopatients" to twelve psychiatric hospitals.
• Rosie Ruiz, who cheated in the 1980Boston Marathon.
• Sally the Dunstable Witch, a fictional spirit devised by a local headmaster to shame the vicar into tidying up the churchyard.
• Science Femme, aTwitter hoax in which a white male science professor posed as an immigrantwoman of color and postedanti-LGBTQ rhetoric and criticism ofdiversity, equity, and inclusion.^[26]
• "Seriously McDonalds", a viral photograph apparently showing a racist policy introduced byMcDonald's.^[27]
• Michael Shrimpton, who perpetrated a hoax that German intelligence was planning a nuclear attack on the2012 Summer Olympics.
• Theskvader, a form of winged hare supposedly indigenous to Sweden.
• TheSloot Digital Coding System, a method ofdata compression claimed by inventor Jan Sloot to be capable of compressing digital video into far less memory than is believed to be mathematically possible. Sloot died and his design notes were never found, but the device he used for demonstrations was found to have been rigged.^[28]
• TheJussie Smollett hate crime hoax, a supposedanti-gay,anti-black attack on theEmpire actor in Chicago.
• The Songs of Bilitis, supposed ancient Greek poems "discovered" byPierre Louÿs.
• TheSouthern Television broadcast interruption, a hoax message inserted into anIBA broadcast in the United Kingdom on 26 November 1977.
• Space Cadets, a 2005 TV programme byChannel 4 in which participants were deceived into believing they were on a five-day trip inlow Earth orbit.^[29]
• Spectra, a 1916 publication heralding a hoax poetry movement.
• TheSpringfield pet-eating hoax, an online,far-rightanti-immigration hoax fromSpringfield, Ohio, that claimed thatHaitian immigrants were eating pets, specifically cats and dogs.
• Stardrive 2000, a 1986 radio advertising hoax inPortland, Oregon to promote the effectiveness of radio advertising by advertising a fictional automobile.
• James Vicary's "subliminal" advertising .^[30]
• The "surgeon's photograph" of theLoch Ness Monster.
• TheSweden sex competition hoax, which stated thatSweden had officially declared sex a sport and was hosting Europe's first-ever sex competition.

• TheTaughannock Giant, a petrified giant "discovered" inIthaca, New York, in 1879. This copycat hoax was inspired by theCardiff Giant ten years earlier.^[31][32]
• TheManti Te'o girlfriend hoax, in which the football player wascatfished.
• Thatchergate, a fake conversation with which the punk bandCrass fooled the governments of the US and UK.
• The slowing of satellites aboveTirunallar Saniswaran Temple due to mysterious UV rays fromSaturn, claimed to be "a miracle" by NASA.^[33]
• Mary Toft, an English woman who convinced doctors that she gave birth to rabbits.
• Toothing, an invented fad about people usingBluetooth-enabled mobile devices to arrange sexual encounters.
• Thetourist guy, a fake photo of a tourist at the top of theWorld Trade Center building on 9/11 with a plane about to crash in the background.
• Trodmore Racecourse, a fictitiousCornish race meeting.
• Taro Tsujimoto, a fictional Japanese ice hockey player selected by theBuffalo Sabres in the1974 NHL amateur draft. The Sabres' general manager,Punch Imlach, made the selection as a protest against the NHL's draft procedures.
• The Turk, achess-playing "automaton" that actually contained a person.
• Tuxissa, a computer virus hoax.
• Benjamin Vanderford's fakebeheading video.
• TheVillejuif leaflet, a pamphlet distributed in Europe with claims of variousfood additives having carcinogenic effects.
• David Weiss, a fictitious person that was used by theJerusalem Post as a source and was later revealed to be aNorwegian man.
• Laurel Rose Willson's claims to be a survivor ofSatanic ritual abuse (as Lauren Stratford), and of theHolocaust (as Laura Grabowski).
• TheWolpertinger, a Bavarian cousin of the jackalope.
• TheWhite House debate competition hoax, in which a virtual debate competition was supposedly dominated by aBangladeshi student.
• Zepotha, a non-existent movie created to promote the new album of a TikToker named Emily Jeffri
• Zzxjoanw, a fictitious word that fooledlogologists for 70 years.

• The2010 Georgian news report hoax, a hoax TV report aired on Georgian television.

• Beale ciphers, 19th century texts alleged to state the location of hidden treasure, but thought to be hoaxes by some researchers
• Confidence trick
• Fool's errand, a type ofpractical joke where a newcomer to a group, typically in a workplace context, is given an impossible or nonsensical task by older or more experienced members of the group.
• List of conspiracy theories
• List of common misconceptions
• List of fictitious people, people it was claimed really existed, unlike fictional characters
• List of hoax commemorative plaques
• List of religious hoaxes
• List of scholarly publishing hoaxes
• Literary forgery
• Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine, alleged location of hidden treasure
• Mummy forgeries
• Oak Island, alleged location of hidden treasure
• Platypus, an animal initially believed to be a hoax by some European scientists before additional specimens were examined
• Trap street, a common hoax of exposure consisting of a fictitious street deliberately included on a copyrighted map to expose plagiarists
• Wikipedia:List of hoaxes on Wikipedia, a list of hoaxes that occurred on Wikipedia

• Boese, Alex (2002),TheMuseum of Hoaxes: A Collection of Pranks, Stunts, Deceptions, and Other Wonderful Stories Contrived for the Public from the Middle Ages to the New Millennium,Dutton/Penguin Books,ISBN 0-525-94678-0,OCLC 50115701
• Boese, Alex (2006).Hippo Eats Dwarf: A Field Guide to Hoaxes and other B.S. Harvest Books.ISBN 0-15-603083-7.
• Hamel, Denis (November 2007), "The End of the Einstein-Astrology-Supporter Hoax",Skeptical Inquirer,31 (6):39–43
• Clark, Jerome (1998).The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink Press.ISBN 1-57859-029-9.
• Graff, Garrett M. (2023).UFO: The Inside Story of the US Government's Search for Alien Life Here–and Out There. New York City: Avid Reader Press.ISBN 978-1-9821-9678-3.
• Hines, Terence (1988),Pseudoscience and the Paranormal: A Critical Examination of the Evidence, Prometheus Books,ISBN 0-87975-419-2,OCLC 17462273
• Moseley, James W.; Pflock, Karl T. (2002),Shockingly Close to the Truth: Confessions of a Grave-Robbing Ufologist,Prometheus Books,ISBN 1-57392-991-3
• Curtis Peebles (1994).Watch the Skies: A Chronicle of the Flying Saucer Myth,Smithsonian Institution,ISBN 1-56098-343-4.
• Randi, James (1982),Flim-Flam!,Prometheus Books,ISBN 0-87975-198-3,OCLC 9066769

• Museum of hoaxes – A collection of hoaxes
• Snopes – A database about urban legends

• Hoaxes
• Society-related lists
• Lists of practical jokes
• Lists of hoaxes

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