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List of highly toxic gases

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"Toxic gas" and "Poison gas" redirect here. For the munition, seeChemical weapon. For other uses, seePoison Gas.
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Manygases havetoxic properties, which are often assessed using theLC50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned anNFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/orexposure limits (TLV,TWA/PEL,STEL, orREL) determined by theACGIH professional association. Some, but by no means all, toxic gases are detectable byodor, which can serve as a warning. Among the best known toxic gases arecarbon monoxide,chlorine,nitrogen dioxide andphosgene.

Definitions

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  • Toxic: a chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200parts per million (ppm) but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.[1][2]
  • Highly Toxic: a gas that has a LC50 in air of 200 ppm or less.[2]
  • NFPA 704: Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury are given a Health Hazard rating of 3. Their acute inhalation toxicity corresponds to those vapors or gases having LC50 values greater than 1,000 ppm but less than or equal to 3,000 ppm. Materials that, under emergency conditions, can be lethal are given a Health Hazard rating of 4. Their acute inhalation toxicity corresponds to those vapors or gases having LC50 values less than or equal to 1,000 ppm.

List

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Chemical name[3]Chemical
formula		CAS numberNIOSH
IDLH
(ppm)		OSHA PEL /NIOSHREL /ACGIHTLV[4]NFPA 704 RatingsLC50 (ppm)[5]Odor threshold (ppm)[5]
HealthSpecial
Hazard
AmmoniaNH37664-41-73003COR4230 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
Arsenic pentafluorideAsF57784-36-35NIOSH PEL TWA 0.001 ppm;
REL Ceiling 0.0002 ppm (15 min)		4
Arsine[4]AsH37784-42-13NIOSH REL (C) (15 min): 0.002 mg/m3;
OSHA PEL: 0.05 ppm;
ACGIH (2006) TWA-TLV 0.05 ppm		4120 (rat, 10 min)
Bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxideC2F6O2927-84-410
Boron tribromide[6]BBr310294-33-450ACGIH (1990) / PEL Ceiling limit 1 ppm;
AEGL-1: 0.33 ppm,
AEGL-2: 1.7 ppm,
AEGL-3: 5 ppm		3W
Boron trichloride[7]BCl310294-34-525No exposure limits have established;
2500 (TQ)		4W2541 (rat, 1 h)[8]
Boron trifluorideBF37637-07-225OSHA, ACGIH (1962) 1 ppm ceiling4436 (4 h)[8]
BromineBr27726-95-63OSHA PEL 8-hr TWA: 0.1 ppm;
ACGIH (1991) STEL-TLV 0.3 ppm		3OX174 (mice)<0.01
Bromine chlorideBrCl13863-41-71500 (TQ)3OX
BromomethaneCH3Br74-83-9250NIOSH PEL 20 ppm3302 (Rat, 8 h)[9]
Carbon monoxideCO630-08-01,200
(moderately
toxic)		ACGIH (1989) TWA TLV 25 ppm;
NIOSH 35 ppm;
NIOSH 200 ppm Ceiling limit		34600/5000[10]
ChlorineCl27782-50-510ACGIH (1986) STEL-TLV 1 ppm3OX433 (10 min),
250 (30 min)		1
Chlorine pentafluorideClF513637-63-3AEGL-2: 0.33 ppm,
AEGL-3: 2.7 ppm		194 (Rat)
Chlorine trifluorideClF37790-91-212ACGIH (1979) Ceiling limit 0.1 ppm4W+OX95 (Rat, 4 h)Inadequate odor
Chloropicrin[note 1]CCl3NO276-06-22ACGIH (1990) TWA-TLV 0.1 ppm49.7 (Mouse, 4 h)
CyanogenC2N2460-19-5ACGIH (1966) TWA-TLV 10 ppm4
Cyanogen chlorideCNCl506-77-4ACGIH (1977) ceiling limit 0.3 ppm4
DiazomethaneCH2N2334-88-32ACGIH (1970) TWA-TLV 0.2 ppm4175 (Cat, 10 min)
DiboraneB2H619287-45-715ACGIH (1990) TWA-TLV 0.1 ppm4W40 (Rat, 4 h)Inadequate odor
Dichloroacetylene[note 2]C2Cl27572-29-4NIOSH REL 0.1 ppm Ceiling
DichlorosilaneH2Cl2Si4109-96-02500 (TQ)4W1785-2092
DimethylmercuryHgC2H6593-74-84
Ethylene oxide (anhydrous)C2H4O75-21-8800REL TWA <0.1 ppm, 5 ppm Ceiling390 mg/L (fish, 24 h)
FluorineF27782-41-4ACGIH (1970) STEL-TLV 2 ppm4OX20 ppb
Formaldehyde (anhydrous)CH2O50-00-020NIOSH REL 0.016 ppm, Ceiling limit 0.1 ppm3333 (mouse, 2 h)
GermaneGeH47782-65-2NIOSH REL 0.2 ppm4440 (mice 2 h)
Hydrogen azideHN37782-79-8NIOSH REL: 0.1 ppm Ceiling4
Hydrogen cyanideHCN74-90-850PEL TWA 10 ppm;
REL ST 4.7 ppm		4503 (Rat, 5 min)
Hydrogen fluorideHF7664-39-330PEL TWA 3 ppm;
REL TWA 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3);
TWA 3 ppm		4POILCLo 313 (rabbit, 7 hr)
Hydrogen selenideH2Se7783-07-51ACGIH (1990) TWA-TLV 0.05 ppm41.8 (G.Pig, 47 h)
Hydrogen sulfideH2S7783-06-4100NIOSH PEL: Ceiling 20 ppm;
REL Ceiling 10 ppm;
ACGIH (1990) STEL-TLV 15 ppm		44440.3
Hydrogen tellurideH2Te7783-09-74
Nickel tetracarbonylNi(CO)413463-39-32NIOSH TWA PEL 0.001 ppm;
ACGIH (1980) TWA-TLV 0.05 ppm		49.642[11]
Nitrogen dioxideNO210102-44-013NIOSH PEL Ceiling 5 ppm;
REL ST 1 ppm		3OX99 (mice, 1 h)4
Osmium tetroxideOsO420816-12-00.001NIOSH PEL TWA 0.0002 ppm;
REL TWA 0.0002 ppm, ST 0.0006 ppm		3OX40 (rat, 4 h)0.0019
Oxygen difluorideOF27783-41-70.5NIOSH PEL TWA 0.05 ppm;
REL Ceiling 0.05 ppm;
ACGIH (1983) ceiling limit 0.05 ppm		4OX26.067 (Rhesus monkeys, 1 h)0.5
Perchloryl fluorideClFO37616-94-6100NIOSH PEL TWA 3 ppm;
REL TWA 3 ppm, ST 6 ppm;
ACGIH (1962) STEL-TLV 6 ppm		3OX385 (Rat, 4 h)
PerfluoroisobutyleneC4F8382-21-81.2 ppm17 (Rat, 10 min)
PhosgeneCCl2O75-44-52NIOSH PEL TWA 0.1 ppm;
REL TWA 0.1 ppm, Ceiling 0.2 ppm;
ACGIH (1992) TWA-TLV 0.1 ppm		40.5 to 1.5
PhosphinePH37803-51-250NIOSH 0.3 ppm time weighted average;
ACGIH (1992) STEL-TLV 1 ppm		40.44 (Rat, 4 h)
Phosphorus pentafluoride[12]PF57647-19-025TLV - TWA 0.25 ppm ACGIH & OSHA4
Selenium hexafluorideSeF67783-79-12OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL, ACGIH (1992) TWA-TLV 0.05 ppm3
Silicon tetrachloride[13]SiCl410026-04-7OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL 5 ppm;
ACGIH TLV 2 ppm		3W8000 (Rat, 4 h)1 - 5
Silicon tetrafluorideSiF47783-61-13W922 (Rat, 1 h)
Stibine[14]H3Sb7803-52-35OSHA PEL/NIOSH REL/ACGIH TLV: 0.1 ppm4
Disulfur decafluorideS2F105714-22-71ACGIH (1962) ceiling limit 0.01 ppm4OX2 (Rat, 10 min)
Sulfur tetrafluorideSF47783-60-0OSHA PEL/NIOSH REL/ACGIH (1992) ceiling limit 0.1 ppm[15]3W40 (Rat, 1 h)[15]
Tellurium hexafluorideTeF67783-80-41NIOSH REL/ACGIH (1992) TWA-TLV 0.02 ppm
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate[note 1]C8H20O7P2107-49-35ACGIH (2006) TWA-TLV 0.01 mg/m34
SulfotepC8H20O5P2S23689-24-510NIOSH PEL TWA 0.2 ppm438 (Rat, 4 h)
Trifluoroacetyl chlorideC2ClF3O354-32-5
Tungsten hexafluoride[16]WF67783-82-6OSHA PEL TWA 2.5 ppm;
ACGIH TLV TWA 3 ppm		3W218 (Rat, 1 h)

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^abDecomposes in gaseous form.
  2. ^Explodes in gaseous form.

References

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  1. ^"California Fire Code California Code of Regulations,Title 24, Part 9, Chapter 2 - Definitions"(PDF).
  2. ^ab"Environmental Health and Radiation Safety Department at the University of Pennsylvania".
  3. ^"Chemical Name Search".webbook.nist.gov. Retrieved2021-11-10.
  4. ^ab"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)".www.cdc.gov. Retrieved2021-11-10.
  5. ^ab"Principles for the safe handling and distribution of highly toxic gases and mixtures"(PDF). Asia Industrial Gases Association. 2011-07-16. AIGA 026/06. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved2021-09-22.
  6. ^"1988 OSHA PEL Project - Boron Tribromide | NIOSH | CDC".www.cdc.gov. 2020-02-25. Retrieved2021-11-10.
  7. ^PubChem."Boron trichloride".pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved2021-11-10.
  8. ^ab"Boron Tribromide".Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 17. 2014.doi:10.17226/18796.ISBN 978-0-309-30476-4.
  9. ^Methyl bromide - OECD HPVMETHYL BROMIDE CAS N°: 74-83-9
  10. ^Levin, B. C.; Paabo, M.; Gurman, J. L.; Harris, S. E.; Braun, E. (1987-12-01). "Toxicological interactions between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide".Toxicology.47 (1–2):135–164.Bibcode:1987Toxgy..47..135L.doi:10.1016/0300-483x(87)90165-x.ISSN 0300-483X.PMID 3120355.
  11. ^Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 6(PDF).Environmental Protection Agency. 2007.ISBN 978-0-309-11214-7.
  12. ^"Phosphorus(V) fluoride Safety Data Sheet".ThermoFisher Scientific. January 6, 2023.
  13. ^"Silicon Tetrachloride Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet"(PDF).New Jersey Department of Health. October 2010.
  14. ^"Stibine Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet"(PDF).New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. August 2001.
  15. ^ab"Sulfur Tetrafluoride Safety Data Sheet"(PDF).Airgas.
  16. ^"Tungsten Hexafluoride Safety Data Sheet"(PDF).Airgas.

External links

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