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List of heads of state of Panama

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President of the Republic of Panama
Presidente de la República de Panamá
Presidential standard
Coat of arms of Panama
since 1 July 2024
ResidencePalacio de las Garzas,Panama City
Term lengthFive years
renewable once non-consecutively
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Panama (1972)
Inaugural holderManuel Amador Guerrero
FormationFebruary 20, 1904
(121 years ago) (1904-02-20)
DeputyVice President of Panama
Salary7,000 USD per month[1]
WebsitePresidencia de la República

This article lists theheads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from theRepublic of New Granada in 1840 and the finalseparation fromColombia in 1903. Since 1904 thehead of state ofPanama has been the President of Panama.

List of officeholders

[edit]
Political parties
  Conservative Party (PC)
  National Liberal Party (PLN)
  National Revolutionary Party (PNR)→Panameñista Party (PP)
  Authentic Revolutionary Party (PPA)
  National Patriotic Coalition (CPN)
  Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD)
  Republican Party (PR)
  Democratic Change (CD)
  Realizing Goals (RM)
Other affiliations
  Independent
  Military (National Guard andPanama Defense Forces)
Status
  Denotes acting or provisional president
Symbols

† Died in office

Free State of the Isthmus (1840–1841)

[edit]
No.PortraitPresident
(Birth–Death)		Term of officeTitle
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1Tomás de Herrera
(1804–1854)		18 November 18408 June 1841202 daysSuperior Chief of State
(1)8 June 184131 December 1841206 daysPresident

Republic of Panama (1903–present)

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President of the Municipal Council of Panama and de facto President (1903)
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical Party
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
3Demetrio H. Brid
(1859–1917)		3 November 19034 November 19031 dayPC
Members of the Provisional Government Junta (1903–1904)
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical Party
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
4José Agustín Arango
(1841–1909)		4 November 190320 February 1904108 daysPLN
5Tomás Arias
(1856–1932)		Independent
6Federico Boyd
(1851–1924)		PLN
7Manuel Espinosa Batista
(1857–1919)		9 November 19037 December 190328 daysPLN
Presidents of Panama (1904–present)
No.PortraitPresident
(Birth–Death)		ElectedTerm of officePolitical Party
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1Manuel Amador Guerrero
(1833–1909)
First tenure		190420 February 190423 June 1907[2]3 years, 123 daysPC
2José Domingo de Obaldía
(1845–1910)
First tenure		—24 June 1907[2]27 December 1907[2]186 daysPLN
(1)Manuel Amador Guerrero
(1833–1909)
Second tenure		—29 December 1907[2]1 October 1908277 daysPC
(2)José Domingo de Obaldía
(1845–1910)
Second tenure		19081 October 19081 March 1910[†]1 year, 151 daysPLN
—Carlos Antonio Mendoza
(1856–1916)
Acting president		—1 March 19101 October 1910214 daysPLN
—Federico Boyd
(1851–1924)
Acting president		—1 October 19105 October 19104 daysPLN
—Pablo Arosemena
(1836–1920)
Acting president		—5 October 19101 October 19121 year, 362 daysPLN
3Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
First tenure		19121 October 19121 October 19164 yearsPLN
4Ramón Maximiliano Valdés
(1867–1918)		19161 October 19163 June 1918[†]1 year, 245 daysPLN
—Ciro Luis Urriola
(1863–1922)
Acting president		—3 June 19181 October 1918120 daysPLN
—Pedro Antonio Díaz
(1852–1919)
Acting president		—1 October 191812 October 191811 daysPC
(3)Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
Second tenure		191812 October 191830 January 19201 year, 110 daysPLN
—Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre
(1876–1922)
Acting president		—30 January 19201 October 1920245 daysPLN
(3)Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
Third tenure		19201 October 19201 October 19244 yearsPLN
5Rodolfo Chiari
(1869–1937)		19241 October 19241 October 19284 yearsPLN
6Florencio Harmodio Arosemena
(1872–1945)		19281 October 19283 January 1931
(Deposed in a coup)		2 years, 94 daysPLN
—Harmodio Arias Madrid
(1886–1963)
Acting president		—3 January 193116 January 193113 daysIndependent
7Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované
(1882–1971)		—16 January 19315 June 19321 year, 141 daysPLN
8Harmodio Arias Madrid
(1886–1963)		19325 June 19321 October 19364 years, 118 daysPNR
9Juan Demóstenes Arosemena
(1879–1939)		19361 October 193616 December 1939[†]3 years, 76 daysPLN
—Ezequiel Fernández
(1886–1946)
Acting president		—16 December 193918 December 19392 daysPNR
—Augusto Samuel Boyd
(1879–1957)
Acting president		—18 December 19391 October 1940288 daysPNR
10Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
First tenure		19401 October 19409 October 1941
(Deposed in a coup)		1 year, 8 daysPNR
11Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango
(1899–1969)		—9 October 194115 June 19453 years, 249 daysIndependent
—Enrique Adolfo Jiménez
(1888–1970)
Provisional president		194515 June 19457 August 19483 years, 53 daysPLN
12Domingo Díaz Arosemena
(1875–1949)		19487 August 194828 July 1949
(Resigned)		355 daysPLN
13Daniel Chanis Pinzón
(1892–1961)		—28 July 194920 November 1949115 daysPLN
14Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
First tenure		—20 November 194924 November 19494 daysPLN
(10)Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
Second tenure		—24 November 19499 May 19511 year, 166 daysPP
15Alcibíades Arosemena
(1883–1958)		—9 May 19511 October 19521 year, 145 daysPPA
16José Antonio Remón Cantera
(1908–1955)		19521 October 19522 January 1955
(Assassinated)		2 years, 93 daysCPN
17José Ramón Guizado
(1899–1964)		—2 January 195529 March 195586 daysCPN
18Ricardo Arias
(1912–1993)		—29 March 19551 October 19561 year, 186 daysCPN
19Ernesto de la Guardia
(1904–1983)		19561 October 19561 October 19604 yearsCPN
(14)Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
Second tenure		19601 October 196017 March 19632 years, 167 daysPLN
—Bernardino González Ruiz
(1911–2012)
Acting president		—17 March 196323 March 19636 daysPAD
(14)Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
Third tenure		—23 March 19631 October 19641 year, 192 daysPLN
20Marco Aurelio Robles
(1908–1990)		19641 October 19641 October 19684 yearsPLN
(10)Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
Third tenure		19681 October 196811 October 1968
(Deposed in a coup)		10 daysPP
—José María Pinilla Fábrega
(1919–1979)
Chairman of the Provisional Junta
Ruled jointly with Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla		—12 October 196818 December 19691 year, 67 daysNational Guard
21Colonel
Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla
(1918–2005)
Ruled jointly with José María Pinilla Fábrega		—12 October 196818 December 19691 year, 67 daysNational Guard
—Demetrio B. Lakas
(1925–1999)
Chairman of the Provisional Junta
from 1969 to 1972		—19 December 196911 October 19722 years, 297 daysIndependent
22197211 October 197211 October 19786 years
23Arístides Royo
(born 1940)		197811 October 197831 July 19823 years, 293 daysIndependent
(until March 1979)
—PRD
24Ricardo de la Espriella
(born 1934)		—31 July 198213 February 19841 year, 197 daysPRD
25Jorge Illueca
(1918–2012)		—13 February 198411 October 1984241 daysIndependent
26Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino
(born 1938)		198411 October 198428 September 1985352 daysPRD
—Eric Arturo Delvalle
(1937–2015)
Acting president		—28 September 198526 February 19882 years, 151 daysPR
—Manuel Solís Palma
(1917–2009)
Acting president		—26 February 19881 September 19891 year, 187 daysPRD
—Francisco Rodríguez
(born 1938)
Provisional president		—1 September 198920 December 1989
(Deposed in the US invasion)		110 daysPRD
27Guillermo Endara
(1936–2009)		198920 December 19891 September 19944 years, 255 daysPP
28Ernesto Pérez Balladares
(born 1946)		19941 September 19941 September 19995 yearsPRD
29Mireya Moscoso
(born 1946)		19991 September 19991 September 20045 yearsPP
30Martín Torrijos
(born 1963)		20041 September 20041 July 20094 years, 303 daysPRD
31Ricardo Martinelli
(born 1952)		20091 July 20091 July 20145 yearsCD
32Juan Carlos Varela
(born 1963)		20141 July 20141 July 20195 yearsPP
33Laurentino Cortizo
(born 1953)		20191 July 20191 July 20245 yearsPRD
34José Raúl Mulino
(born 1959)		20241 July 2024Incumbent
(Term ends on 1 July 2029)		1 year, 148 daysRM

Military dictators of Panama (1968–1989)

[edit]

From 1968 to 1989 amilitary junta exerted a dictatorship over the country and nominated the president, who himself held little power. The following individuals were leaders of the junta.

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officeMilitary affiliationNotes
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1Brigadier-General
Omar Torrijos
(1929–1981)		11 October 196831 July 1981[†]12 years, 293 daysNational GuardAssumed power in the1968 coup d'état.
Styled asMaximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution from 11 October 1968.
Killed in anair crash.
2Colonel
Rubén Darío Paredes
(born 1933)		3 March 198212 August 19831 year, 162 daysNational Guard
3General
Manuel Noriega
(1934–2017)		12 August 198320 December 19896 years, 130 daysNational GuardStyled asMaximum Leader of the National Liberation from 15 December 1989.
Deposed in theUS invasion.
Panama Defense Forces
(from 29 September 1983.)

Timeline

[edit]

Latest election

[edit]
Main article:2024 Panamanian general election
CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
José Raúl MulinoRealizing Goals–AllianceRealizing Goals668,52729.39
Alliance Party110,2454.85
Total778,77234.23
Ricardo LombanaAnother Way Movement559,43224.59
Martín TorrijosPeople's Party364,57616.03
Rómulo RouxFor a Better PanamaDemocratic Change138,2746.08
Panameñista Party120,5445.30
Total258,81811.38
Zulay RodríguezIndependent150,3386.61
José Gabriel CarrizoVamos con todo PanamaDemocratic Revolutionary Party126,4545.56
Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement7,3370.32
Total133,7915.88
Maribel GordónIndependent24,5311.08
Melitón ArrochaIndependentPAIS2,4420.11
Independent2,2180.10
Total4,6600.20
Total2,274,918100.00
Valid votes2,274,91897.53
Invalid votes38,5441.65
Blank votes19,1010.82
Total votes2,332,563100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,004,08377.65
Source: Tribunal Electoral[3][4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage". Latin Post. 22 June 2017.Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved4 November 2019.
  2. ^abcd".:: SomosPanama.com ::" (in Spanish). 2 April 2016. Archived fromthe original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved7 April 2018.
  3. ^"General Election 2024, Election of the President".Tribunal Electoral (in Spanish). Retrieved6 May 2024.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^"TE Presents Final Electoral Census" (in Spanish). 29 January 2024.Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved6 May 2024.
Commanders of thePanamanian Defense Forces (1968–1989)
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