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List of food plants native to the Americas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A number of popular and commercially importantfood plants are native to theAmericas. Some areendemic, meaning they occur naturally only in the Americas and nowhere else, while others occur naturally both in the Americas and on other continents as well.

When complete, the list below will include all food plants native to the Americas (genera marked with a dagger^† are endemic), regardless of when or where they were first used as a food source. For a list of food plants and other crops which were only introduced toOld World cultures as a result of theColumbian Exchange touched off by the arrival ofChristopher Columbus in 1492, seeNew World crops.^[1]

Grains

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Quinoa is native only to a relatively small region of theAndes mountains in South America

Corn/Maize^[2] (Zea^†)
Quinoa^[3] (Chenopodium)
Several (though not all) species ofamaranth^[4] (Amaranthus)
Some species ofwild rice (Zizania)
Indian Corn (Flint Corn)

Legumes

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Peanut^[5] (Arachis^†)
Pinto,tepary,black,kidney,navy,scarlet runner^[6] (Phaseolus coccineus) andlima beans^[7] (Phaseolus^†)

Nightshades

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Potato^[8] (Solanum)
Tomato^[9]^[10] (Solanum)
Bell andchili peppers^[11] (Capsicum^†)
Tomatillo^[12] (Physalis philadelphica)

Fruits

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Pineapple^[13] (Ananas^†)
Guava^[14] (Psidium^† andAcca^†)
Passion fruit^[15] (Passiflora)
Papaya^[16] (Carica^† andVasconcellea^†)
Cherimoya,^[17]sugar-apple,^[18] hog plum, andsoursop^[19] (Annona)
Pawpaw^[20] (Asimina^†)
Dragonfruit/pitaya^[21]^[22] (Hylocereus^† andStenocereus^†)
Avocado
Sapodilla
Lucuma
Acerola
Concord grape^[23] (Vitis)
Huckleberry^[24]^[25] (Vaccinium andGaylussacia^†)
Several (though not all) species of:
- Strawberry^[26] (Fragaria)
- Blueberry^[27] (Vaccinium)
- Cranberry^[28] (Vaccinium)
- Raspberry^[29] (Rubus)
- Salmonberry (Rubus)
- Oregon grape (Mahonia)
- Thimbleberry (Rubus)
- Mayhaw (Crataegus)
- Blackberry^[30] (Rubus)
- Plum^[31] (Prunus)
- Black cherry^[32] (Prunus)
Chokecherry^[33] (Prunus virginiana)
Hawthorn Berry^[34] (Crataegus)
Staghorn Sumac^[35] (Rhus typhina)
Prickly Pear^[36]^[37] orCactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica)

Allegheny Barberry
Bearberry (Manzanita, Kinnikinnick)
Black Chokeberry (often called Aronias, due to confusion with chokecherry)
Deerberry
Lingonberry
Swamp dewberry (various species of Rubus, distinct from Raspberry, Blackberry, Salmonberry, Thimbleberry & Cloudberry)
Several native species ofRibes, comprising Red Currants, Black Currants, Golden Currants and Gooseberries
Hackberry
Multiple edible species ofViburnum, including Highbush Cranberry (Trilobum), Blackhaw (Prunifolium), Nannyberry (Lentago), and Mooseberry (Edule)
Various species in theProsartes line, usually called Fairybells.
Mayapple
Virginia Persimmon and Texas Persimmon
Rosehips, or fruit of various wildRosa species.
Sand Cherry
Fruit of select species ofAralia, also usually known as Spikenards, such as Racemosa. Not all species have safely edible fruit.
fruits of theGaultheria plants. Procumbens fruit is known as Teaberry, whereas Shallon is known as Salal and Hispidula is called Moxie Plum.
Ogeechee Fruit. Most prized species of Tupelo for edibility, though all native Tupelo species have edible fruit.
Gum Bully Olives, aka American Olives
Beautyberry
Buffaloberry
MultipleSambucus species- particularly Canadensis and Cerulea. Red Elderberry species are not considered safely edible.
Red Mulberry
Honeyberry is the only known edible species of Honeysuckle

Nuts

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Peanut^[38] (Arachis^†) commarode Peanuts
Cashew^[39] (Anacardium^†)
American chestnut
Pecan^[40] (Carya)
Black walnut^[41] (Juglans)
Brazil nut^[42] (Bertholletia^†)
Butternut^[43] orWhite Walnut (Juglans cinerea)
Many species ofAcorns – seeds of the genusQuercus Oak
American Hazelnut

Root Vegetable

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Camas – several species ofCamassia, also known as Hyacinths.
Cassava – also known as Manioc or Tapioca. Native to Amazon. Domesticated and cultivated in South America, Central America and Caribbean.
Indian Potato – roots of two native species-Apios americana andApios priceana
Jerusalem artichoke – specific species of sunflower with large, edible root.
Lily Bulbs- several species inLilium family
Oca – specific species of Oxalis, or Wood Sorrel with large edible root.
Tobacco Root – (species of Velerian, not actual tobacco)
Wapato – several species ofSagittaria
Wild Onion – several native species, such as Ramps and Meadow Garlic
Wild Sweet Potato – roots of several native species ofIpomoea, also known as Morning Glory
Yampah – several plants in thePerideridia family. Leaves also used as spice.