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List of extant papal tombs

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This articleis missing information about the dates some of the monuments were created which, in some cases, is long after the pope's death. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on thetalk page.(March 2020)
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A procession in theCatacomb of Callixtus, a site of several ancient papaltombs. ByAlberto Pisa, 1905

Apope is theBishop ofRome and the leader of theCatholic Church. Approximately 100 papaltombs are at least partiallyextant, representing fewer than half of the 266 deceased popes, fromSaint Peter toPope Francis.[1]

For the first few centuries in particular, little is known of the popes and their tombs, and available information is often contradictory. As with other religious relics, multiple sites claim to house the same tomb. Furthermore, many papal tombs that recycledsarcophagi and other materials from earlier tombs were later recycled for their valuable materials or combined with other monuments. For example, the tomb ofPope Leo I was combined withLeos II,III, andIV circa 855, and then removed in the seventeenth century and placed under his own altar, belowAlessandro Algardi's relief,Fuga d'Attila. The style of papal tombs has evolved considerably throughout history, tracking trends in the development ofchurch monuments.[2] Notable papal tombs have been commissioned from sculptors such asMichelangelo andGian Lorenzo Bernini.

Most extant papal tombs are located inSt. Peter's Basilica, other majorchurches of Rome (especiallyArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran,Santa Maria sopra Minerva andBasilica di Santa Maria Maggiore), or other churches ofItaly,France, andGermany.[3]

Papal tombs by century of the pontificate
Non-extant · Antipopes


Note on non-extant tombs

[edit]
Main article:List of non-extant papal tombs

Many early tombs no longer exist due to repeatedtranslations or destruction. This list does not include non-extant papal tombs. Information about these tombs is generally incomplete and uncertain. Locations of destroyed or lost papal tombs include:

Other tombs not included in this list are:

1st–5th centuries

[edit]

1st century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
30–67
(as Head of the Church)		Peter
Saint Peter		Gian Lorenzo Bernini (baldachin)St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City (Rome)SeeSaint Peter's tomb
post42 /ante57–64/67(?)
(as Bishop of Rome)

2nd century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
c. 157–168Anicetus
Saint Anicetus		Palazzo Altemps (Piazza Navona), RomeRemains transferred from Vatican Hill to theCemetery of Callixtus and possibly again thereafter;[9] sarcophagus which may once have contained remains is extant in the Palazzo Altemps[10]

3rd century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
25 June 253 – 5 March 254Lucius I
Saint Lucius		Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, RomeTransferred from theCatacomb of Callixtus to one or more of: Santa Cecilia in Trastevere,San Silvestro in Capite, andSanta Prassede;[11] sarcophagus that once held remains is extant in the crypt of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere[10]
17 December 283 – 22 April 296Caius
Saint Caius		Sant'Andrea della Valle (Barberini chapel), RomeTranslated from the crypt of St. Eusebius in the Cemetery of Callixtus toSan Silvestre in Capite, then to another church, then to the private chapel of theBarberini princes inSant'Andrea della Valle[12]

4th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
18 January 336 – 7 October 336Mark
Saint Mark		San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio, RomeTranslated from theCatacomb of Balbina, one of theCatacombs of Rome, to an urn below the main altar of San Marco[13]

5th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
29 September 440 – 10 November 461Leo I
Saint Leo
Leo the Great		Alessandro Algardi (relief)St. Peter's Basilica, Chapel of the Madonna of PartorientiFirst pope buried on the porch of Old St. Peter's Basilica; translated multiple times, combined with Leos II, III, and IV circa 855; removed in the seventeenth century and placed under his own altar, below Algardi's relief,Fuga d'Attila (pictured)[14]

6th–10th centuries

[edit]

6th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
3 September 590 – 12 March 604Gregory I,O.S.B.
Saint Gregory
Gregory the Great		UnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally buried in the portico of Old St. Peter's, partly transferred toSoissons; during the demolition of St. Peter's, transferred toSant'Andrea della Valle thenCappella Clementina, near the entrance of the modern St. Peter's[15]

7th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
13 September 604 – 22 February 606SabinianUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginal monument in the atrium of Old St. Peter's destroyed during the demolition of Old St. Peter's;[16] small fragment of the original epitaph remains in the crypt of St. Peter's Basilica[17]
25 August 608 – 8 May 615Boniface IV,O.S.B.
Saint Boniface		UnknownSt. Peter's BaslicaOriginally buried in the portico of Old St. Peter's; translated to the interior; one arm translated toSanta Maria in Cosmedin; other relics translated to the Chapel of St. Sylvester beside the Church of theQuattro Coronati; remainder translated to another chapel of St. Peter's;[18] oratory which once contained the tomb is extant, as well as a sketch of the tomb byCiampini[17]
December 681 – 3 July 683Leo II
Saint Leo II		UnknownSt. Peter's Basilica, Chapel of the Madonna of PartorientiOriginally buried in Old St. Peter's; translated under the altar of the Chapel of the Madonna della Colonna; combined with Leo I in the early seventeenth century; for centuries believed to be under the altar of the Church of San Stefano in Ferrara; combined remains of Leos I, II, and IV found during the demolition of Old St. Peter's[19]

8th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
1 February 772 – 26 December 795Adrian IUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginal monument in the Oratory of Cathedra Petri destroyed during the demolition of Old St. Peter's;[20] inscription, composed byCharlemagne, remains in the portico of modern St. Peter's[21][22]
26 December 795 – 12 June 816Leo III
Saint Leo		UnknownSt. Peter's Basilica, Chapel of the Madonna of PartorientiOriginally buried in Old St. Peter's; combined with Leo II and IV by Pope Paschal II; combined sarcophagus destroyed during the demolition of Old St. Peter's; combined with Leo I in 1601 and placed in a sarcophagus under the altar of our Savior della Colonna in new St. Peter's[23]

9th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
January 847 – 17 July 855Leo IV,O.S.B.
Saint Leo		UnknownSt. Peter's Basilica, Chapel of the Madonna of PartorientiCombined with Leos I, II, and III[24]
24 April 858 – 13 November 867Nicholas I
Saint Nicholas
Nicholas the Great		UnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally buried in the atrium of Old St. Peter's; epitaph partially preserved during the demolition of Old St. Peter's, extant in the Vatican grottoes[25]
14 December 867 – 14 December 872Adrian IIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally buried in Old St. Peter's; epitaph partially preserved during the demolition of Old St. Peter's, still visible in the Vatican grottoes[25]
17 May 884 –c.September 885Adrian III
Saint Adrian		UnknownNonantola Abbey,ModenaCrypt altar[26]

10th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
October 974 – 10 July 983Benedict VIIUnknownSanta Croce in GerusalemmeFunerary inscription embedded in the wall near the entrance[27]
3 May 996 – 18 February 999Gregory VUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaTomb discovered on August 14, 1607 under the pavement of St. Peter's; exhumed and reburied on January 15, 1609 in afourth/fifth century sarcophagus[28]
2 April 999 – 12 May 1003Sylvester IIGzila Nalder andGiuseppe DamkoArchbasilica of Saint John LateranDestroyed in the Lateran fire of 1308; charred remains were collected and buried in a polyandrum in the same basilica; epitaph reingraved on a cenotaph in the same basilica; modern monument created in 1910[29]

11th–15th centuries

[edit]

11th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012Sergius IVFrancesco BorrominiArchbasilica of Saint John LateranOriginal destroyed in a fire in either 1308 or 1361; remains collected in a polyandrum in the same basilica; new cenotaph placed on the right side of the main nave by Borromini in the seventeenth century[30]
24 December 1046 – 9 October 1047Clement II"Reims workshop"[31]Bamberg CathedralOnly extant papal tomb outside of Italy and France;[32][33][34] original completed circa 1237, dismantled in the seventeenth century, separating the tomb-chest and effigy; tomb-chest constructed with marble fromKärnten[31][35]
17 July 1048 – 9 August 1048Damasus IIUnknownSan Lorenzo fuori le MuraSarcophagus in the portico[36][37]
12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054Leo IX
Saint Leo		UnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally buried in the east wall of Old St. Peter's, close to the altar of Gregory I; coffin opened on January 11, 1606 during the demolition of Old St. Peter's and parts were taken as relics; remainder reburied under the altar of Saints Marziale and Valeria,[38] now dedicated to the Crucifixion of St. Peter.
22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085Gregory VII,O.S.B.
Saint Gregory		UnknownSalerno CathedralOriginally buried in the Church of St. Matthew; discovered in 1573, opened in 1578, reburied beneath the Salerno altar; opened again in 1605 (head taken toCathedral of Soana; corpse translated to chapel of theCrociata); original sarcophagus placed in transept in 1954[39]
24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087Victor III,O.S.B.
Blessed Victor		UnknownAbbey ofMonte CassinoTranslated in 1515 to the altar in the chapel of St. Bertharius, then the chapel of St. Victor; transferred from Monte Cassino during World War II toSan Paolo fuori le Mura, avoiding theaerial bombing that destroyed the original chapel;[40] returned to the rebuilt basilica of Monte Cassino in 1963[41]

12th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
24 January 1118 – 28 January 1119Gelasius II,O.S.B.UnknownCluny AbbeyTuscan-style bright marble tomb destroyed in 1792 during theFrench Revolution;[42] fragments remain[43]
14 February 1130 – 24 September 1143Innocent II,Can. Reg.Vespignani (design)Santa Maria in TrastevereOriginally buried in the porphyry sarcophagus of EmperorHadrian in the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran; damaged during the fire of 1308 and moved to the vestibule; moved to a simple slab in the fifteenth century; moved to Santa Maria Trastevere[44]
8 July 1153 – 3 December 1154Anastasius IVUnknownVatican MuseumReusedthe sarcophagus ofHelena of Constantinople, Constantine's mother; only tomb to survive the Lateran fires of 1308 and 1361 (restored fully in 1509); moved to the treasury of theVatican Museum in the nineteenth century[45]
4 December 1154 – 1 September 1159Adrian IV,Can. Reg.UnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaReused anEarly Christian sarcophagus[46]
7 September 1159 – 30 August 1181Alexander IIIFrancesco BorrominiArchbasilica of Saint John LateranRuined by mob graffiti and then destroyed in the Lateran fire of 1308 or 1361; new cenotaph raised in seventeenth century[47]
1 September 1181 – 25 November 1185Lucius IIIUnknownVerona CathedralOriginally buried in a marble sarcophagus in front of the high altar; moved beneath the pavement under a redVeronese marble slab during the reign of bishop Gilberti (1524–1543); damaged during a storm on February 25, 1879; recovered with marble thereafter and original slab hung on the wall of the Cathedral[48][49]
25 November 1185 – 19 October 1187Urban IIIG.B. Boffa (modern cenotaph)Ferrara CathedralMoved several times; original tomb replaced with cenotaph in fifteenth century[50]
8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216Innocent IIIGiuseppe LucchettiArchbasilica of Saint John LateranOriginally buried in thePerugia Cathedral; moved several times within the Cathedral, and temporarily combined with Urban IV and Martin IV, before being transferred to Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in 1891[51]

13th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254Innocent IVTommaso MalvitoNaples CathedralOriginal, commissioned by archbishop Humbert of Montauro, almost completely destroyed; the recumbent figure (with the anachronistic round top tiara) and above reliefs were added in the sixteenth century[52]
29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264Urban IV[53]Giovanni Pisano (original)Perugia CathedralDestroyed in the late fourteenth century, save the epitaph which is currently in the Civic Museum of Perugia; combined with Innocent III and Martin IV in 1587 and interred in the sacristy;[54] Innocent III's remains were transferred to the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in the late nineteenth century, but the iron casket is extant in the sacristy of the Perugia Cathedral;[10] possibly translated to theTroyes Cathedral in 1901[55]
5 February 1265 – 29 November 1268Clement IVPietro OderisiSan Francesco (Viterbo)Translated from Santa Maria in Gradi[56][57]
1 September 1271 – 10 January 1276Gregory X
Blessed Gregory		Margaritone d'ArezzoArezzo CathedralOriginal body and sarcophagus are extant[43][58]
11 July 1276 – 18 August 1276Adrian VArnolfo di Cambio (possiblyPietro Vassalletto)San Francesco (Viterbo)Modified in 1994[57][59]
8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277John XXIFilippo GnaccariniViterbo CathedralOriginal destroyed in the sixteenth century, no longer extant;[57] new monument constructed in the 19th century and damaged during World War II,[60] of which a sarcophagus and other fragments remain[10][61]
25 November 1277 – 22 August 1280Nicholas IIIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginal destroyed during the demolition of Old St. Peter's; combined with two Rainaldo Orsinis in 1620[62]
22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285Martin IV[53]Giovanni PisanoPerugia CathedralOriginal tomb destroyed by 1375; reconstructed and redestroyed by the end of the fourteenth century; combined with Popes Urban IV and Innocent III in 1587; Innocent III's remains were transferred to the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in the late nineteenth century, but the iron casket containing Martin IV and possibly Urban IV is extant in the sacristy of the Perugia Cathedral[10]
2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287Honorius IVArnolfo di Cambio (disputed)[63]Santa Maria in AracoeliOriginal destroyed early in the demolition of Old St. Peter's; baldecchio destroyed and replaced in 1727[64][65]

Relocated from Old St. Peter's to Santa Maria in Ara Coeli in 1545; the inscription dates it to 1288.[63]

Its attribution to Arnolfo di Cambio has been contested, and according to Cellini is a result of the confusion with Honorius III's tomb.[66]

22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292Nicholas IV,O.F.M.Domenico Fontana (design)
Leonardo da Sarzana (sculptor)
Leonardo Sormani (figures)		Basilica di Santa Maria MaggioreOriginally buried in a simple urn; mausoleum commissioned in the late sixteenth century[67]
5 July 1294 – 13 December 1294Celestine V,O.S.B.
Saint Celestine		Girolamo Pittoni da VicenzaSanta Maria di Collemaggio (L'Aquila)Originally buried in Church of St. Anthony; moved to Church of St. Agatha; stolen in 1327 by L'Aquilan friars;[68] damaged in the2009 L'Aquila earthquake[69]
24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303Boniface VIIIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginal tomb chapel, into which Boniface VIII had moved the relics of Boniface IV, destroyed[70][71]

14th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
22 October 1303 – 7 July 1304Benedict XI,O.P.
Blessed Benedict		Giovanni PisanoBasilica of San Domenico (Perugia)Wall tomb andossuary[43][72]
5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314Clement VJehan de BonnevalCollegiate church (Uzeste)[73]
7 August 1316 – 4 December 1334John XXIIUnknownAvignon CathedralMoved several times within the Cathedral's chapels; all 60 statuettes have been stolen, head of effigy is originally from another bishop's tomb; damaged badly duringFrench Revolution[74][75]
20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342Benedict XII,O.Cist.Jean LavenierAvignon CathedralBust of Benedict XII in the St. Peter's Basilica grottoes;[76] fragments of original inFondation Calvet[43]
7 May 1342 – 6 December 1352Clement VIPierre Boye,Jean Sanholis, andJean DavidAbbey of La Chaise-DieuSculpted weepers in Musée Crozatier, Le Puy;[77][78] sculpted angel in Musée de Petit-Palais, Avignon[79]
18 December 1352 – 12 September 1362Innocent VIBeltran NogayrolChartreuse du Val de Bénédiction (Villeneuve-lès-Avignon)[80]
28 September 1362 – 19 December 1370Urban V,O.S.B.
Blessed Urban V		JoglariiAbbey of St. Victor (Marseille)Effigy in Musée de Petit-Palais, Avignon[81][82]
30 December 1370 – 26 March 1378Gregory XIPietro Paolo OlivieriSanta Francesca RomanaOriginal Olivieri relief carved in 1584(drawing above);[83] replica located inPalais des Papes
8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389Urban VIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaSaved during the deconstruction of Old St. Peter's; nearly dumped by workmen for use as a water trough[84][85]

15th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
17 October 1404 – 6 November 1406Innocent VIIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally buried in the Chapel of Saints Peter and Paul, moved to the Chapel of St. Thomas in 1455, moved into a mid-fifteenth century copy of the original sarcophagus on September 12, 1606[86]
30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415Gregory XIICamillo RusconiSan Flaviano (Recanati)Cardinal at the time of his death, due to his resignation during theCouncil of Constance; Moved in 1623, 1760, and 1793; illustrations of an "original" tomb(pictured) have been deemed fabrications by historians;[87] last papal tomb outside Rome (cf.Tomb of Antipope John XXIII); original sarcophagus extant[10]
11 November 1417 – 20 February 1431Martin VSimone GhiniArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran[88]Moved in front of the high altar in 1853[89]
3 March 1431 – 23 February 1447Eugene IV,Can. Reg.Iaia da Piso andPellegrino di Antonio da ViterboSan Salvatore in LauroMoved out of Old St. Peter's before its demolition[90]
6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455Nicholas V,O.P.Mino da FiesoleSt. Peter's BasilicaMoved from the left outer aisle of Old St. Peter's to the right outer aisle; monument (not sarcophagus) destroyed during the demolition of Old St. Peter's[91]
8 April 1455 – 6 August 1458Callixtus IIIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally located in Chapel of St. Mary della febbre; monument, but not sarcophagus, destroyed during the demolition of Old St. Peter's[92]
Filippio MoratillaSanta Maria in MonserratoRemains later combined with Alexander VI[92]
19 August 1458 – 15 August 1464Pius IIPaolo RomanoSant'Andrea della ValleHeart enshrined in theDuomo of Ancona; originally buried in the Chapel of St. Andrews in St. Peter's; moved to San Andrea della Valle in 1614[93]
30 August 1464 – 26 July 1471Paul IIGiovanni Dalmata (effigy)
Mino da Fiesole (figures and bas-reliefs)		St. Peter's BasilicaMonument moved in 1544 and torn down in seventeenth century; sarcophagus survived demolition of Old St. Peter's[94]
9 August 1471 – 12 August 1484Sixtus IV,O.F.M.Antonio del PollaiuoloTreasury Museum of St. Peter's BasilicaOriginally located in the choir chapel of Old St. Peter's; moved in 1610 to the sacristy; moved in 1625 to the Chapel del Coro in new St. Peter's; combined with Julius II in 1926; moved again in 1940s[95]
29 August 1484 – 25 July 1492Innocent VIIIAntonio del PollaiuoloSt. Peter's BasilicaFirst papal tomb to depict a live pope rather than a deathbed effigy; originally placed in the Oratory of Our Lady in Old St. Peter's.
11 August 1492 – 18 August 1503Alexander VIFilippio MoratillaSanta Maria di MonserratoOriginally located in the oratory of Saints Cosmas and Damian, in the round chapel of Santa Maria de Febribus; moved in the sixteenth century next to Calixtus III; combined in 1582 in the Chapel of Santa Maria della Febbre; survived demolition of Old St. Peter's but broken up in 1605; urns were taken to Santa Maria di Monserrato; monument in Chapel of St. Diego sculpted in 1881[96]

16th–21st centuries

[edit]

16th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
22 September 1503 – 18 October 1503Pius IIIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally built in Old St. Peter's; last papal mausoleum erected in Old St. Peter's[97]
Sebastiano FerrucciSant'Andrea della ValleMoved to Sant'Andrea della Valle by Paul V[97]
31 October 1503 – 21 February 1513Julius IIMichelangelo
Possible assistants include:
Antonello Gagini
Giacomo del Duca		San Pietro in VincoliOriginal, planned tomb—intended for the Cappella Maggiore of St. Peter's—never completed and moved to San Pietro in Vincoli[98]
SeeTomb of Pope Julius II,Moses andDying Slave
UnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaActual remains deposited in a simple sarcophagus, combined with Sixtus IV, his uncle[97]
9 March 1513 – 1 December 1521Leo XBaccio Bandinelli (design)
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (monument)
Raffaello da Montelupo (statue)		Santa Maria sopra MinervaTranslated from Old St. Peter's in 1536[99]
9 January 1522 – 14 September 1523Adrian VIBaldassare Peruzzi (design)
Michelangelo of Sieno andNiccolò Tribolo (carved)		Santa Maria dell'AnimaTranslated from Old St. Peter's in 1533 to the national church of theHoly Roman Empire[100]
26 November 1523 – 25 September 1534Clement VIINanni di Baccio BigioSanta Maria sopra MinervaOriginally buried in a brick tomb in Old St. Peter's; tomb is across from that of Leo X, another Medici pope[101]
13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549Paul IIIGuglielmo della PortaSt. Peter's BasilicaMoved in 1599[102]
7 February 1550 – 29 March 1555Julius IIIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally buried in St. Peter's Basilicasans monument in a red stone sarcophagus in the chapel of San Andrea; reinterred in an ancient sarcophagus in 1608, which was reopened two years later during the demolition of Old St. Peter's;[103] sometimes cited as buried in the Del Monte chapel ofSan Pietro in Montorio along with his adoptedcardinal-nephew,Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte[104]
9 April 1555 – 30 April or 1 May 1555Marcellus IIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaNo monument; fourth century sarcophagus, bearing atraditio legis[105]
23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559Paul IVPirro Ligorio (design)
Giacomo da Castignola,Tommaso della Porta,Gian Pietro Annon, andRocco da Montefiascone (sculpted)		Santa Maria sopra Minerva[106]
26 December 1559 – 9 December 1565Pius IVUnknownSanta Maria degli Angeli e dei MartiriMoved from Old St. Peter's in 1583; buried under the altar with a nearby wall plaque[107]
7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572Saint
Pius V,O.P.		Domenico Fontana (design)
Leonardo Sormani (effigy)
Nicholas Cordier (left and right bas-reliefs)
Silla Longhi da Viggiu (center bas-relief)
Pierre Le Gros the Younger (design and execution of thesarcophagus)		Basilica di Santa Maria MaggioreTranslated from Old St. Peter's in 1583[108]
After thecanonisation process was started byAntonin Cloche, the sarcophagus with the body of the saint was added in 1697–98. A flap of gilded bronze, showing the effigy of the pope in shallow relief, is hinged and can be opened to venerate the body of the saint.[109]
13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585Gregory XIIICamillo RusconiSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginal monument destroyed; new monument built in eighteenth century[110]
24 April 1585 – 27 August 1590Sixtus V,O.F.M. Conv.Domenico Fontana (design)
Vasoldo (sculpted)		Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore[111]
15 September 1590 – 27 September 1590Urban VIIAmbrogio BuonvicinoSanta Maria sopra Minerva[112]
5 December 1590 – 15 /16 October 1591Gregory XIVProspero AntichiSt. Peter's Basilica[113]
29 October 1591 – 30 December 1591Innocent IXUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaNo monument[113]
30 January 1592 – 3 March 1605Clement VIIIFlaminio Ponzio (design)Basilica di Santa Maria MaggioreMoved in 1646 to the Borghese Crypt in the Paulline Chapel in Santa Maria Maggiore; figure of Clement VIII was carved bySilla da Viggiu and the cornice figures byPietro Bernini; features "The Peace of Henry IV and Philip III byIppolito Buzzi and "The Coronation of Clement VIII" by Bernini, "The Canonization of St. Giacinto and St. Raimondo" byGiovanni Antonio Valsolde, "The Occupation of Ferrara" byAmbriogo Bonvicino, and "Invitation of the Troops in Hungary" byCamillo Mariani[114]

17th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605Leo XIAlessandro Algardi (pope and sarcophagus)
Ercole Ferrata (Prudence)
Giuseppe Peroni (Liberty)		St. Peter's Basilica[115]
16 May 1605 – 28 January 1621Paul VFlaminio Ponzio (design)
Silla da Viggiu (figure of pope)
Stefano Moderna,Ambrogio Bonvicinio,Ippolito Buzzi,Cristoforo Stati, andAntonio Valsoldo (reliefs)
Pompeo Ferucci (cornice figures)		Basilica di Santa Maria MaggioreMoved from the Borghese Chapel of St. Peter's to the Pauline chapel of Santa Maria Maggiore[115]
9 February 1621 – 8 July 1623Gregory XVPierre Le Gros the Younger (design and execution)
Pierre-Étienne Monnot (sculpted the twoFamae from designs by Le Gros))		Sant'IgnazioUniquely combines the pope's tomb with that of hiscardinal-nephew,Ludovico Ludovisi.
According to Reardon[116] the pope was originally buried in theQuirinal Palace and his remains moved to Sant'Ignazio in 1634.
The monument was created c. 1709–14.[117]
6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644Urban VIIIGian Lorenzo BerniniSt. Peter's Basilica[118]
15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655Innocent XG. Valvassori and G.B. MainiSant'Agnese in AgoneCenotaph featuring the Virtues (left) and Strength (right) erected in 1730[119]
7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667Alexander VIIGian Lorenzo Bernini (monument)
Michele Maglia (figure of pope)
Giuseppe Mazzuoli (Charity)
Lazzaro Morelli andGiulio Catani (Truth)
Giuseppe Baratta andGiulio Cartari (Prudence)
Giulio Catani (Justice)		St. Peter's BasilicaSculpted between 1672 and 1678; Charity's breast's covered by Innocent XI[120]
SeeTomb of Pope Alexander VII
20 June 1667 – 9 December 1669Clement IXErcole FerrataBasilica di Santa Maria MaggioreMoved from St. Peter's in 1675; figures are Clement IX (byGirolamo Rainaldi), Charity (by Ferrata), and Truth (byCosimo Fancelli)[121]
29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676Clement XMattia de' Rossi (design)St. Peter's BasilicaFigures are Clement X (byErcole Ferrata), Clemency (byGiuseppe Mazzuoli), Goodness (byLazzaro Morelli), and twoputti (byFilippo Carcani)[122]
21 September 1676 – 11/12 August 1689Innocent XI
Blessed Innocent XI		C. Maratta (design)
Pierre Etienne Monnot (sculpted)		St. Peter's BasilicaFeatured the pope with the Virtue Truth and the Goddess Athena; bas-relief on the sarcophagus reads "The Liberation of Vienna"[123]
UnknownSeparate glass sarcophagus moved under the altar of the Transfiguration after his body was removed from the altar of Saint Sebastian in 2011[123]
6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691Alexander VIIIAngelo de RossiSt. Peter's Basilica[124]
12 July 1691 – 27 September 1700Innocent XIIFilippo della Valle andFerdinando FugaSt. Peter's BasilicaMoved from the tribune to the left transept in the late eighteenth century by Cardinal Giuseppe Spinelli; originally buried in a simple marble sarcophagus in the Chapel of the Sacrament; present monument completed in 1746; features the pope bestowing the benediction with Charity (left) and Justice (right)[125]

18th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721Clement XICarlo FontanaSt. Peter's BasilicaIn the Choir chapel; no monument;[126] cenotaph also placed inFerrara Cathedral[43]
8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724Innocent XIIIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaOriginally buried in a stucco sepulcher in the right nave of St. Peter's; reinterred in an ancient sarcophagus in 1836[127]
29 May 1724 – 21 February 1730Servant of God
Benedict XIII,O.P.		Pietro Bracci andCarlo MarchionniSanta Maria sopra MinervaRemains were originally with his monument in St. Peter's Basilica[127]
12 July 1730 – 6 February 1740Clement XIIGiovanni Battista MainiArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran[128]
17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758Benedict XIVPietro BracciSt. Peter's BasilicaTwo figures are Knowledge (by Bracci) and Temptation (byGaspare Sibilla)[129]
6 July 1758 – 2 February 1769Clement XIIIAntonio CanovaSt. Peter's Basilica[129]
19 May 1769 – 22 September 1774Clement XIV,O.F.M. Conv.Antonio CanovaSanti Apostoli, RomeMoved to Santi Apostoli in 1802[130]
15 February 1775 – 29 August 1799Pius VIAntonio CanovaCrypt of St. Peter's BasilicaMonument by Antonio Canova, circa 1822[43]
UnknownRemains placed in an ancient sarcophagus with a bas-relief of theAdoration of the Magi by Pius XII in 1949(below); original praecordia monument in theValence Cathedral sculpted byMassimiliano Laboureur and commissioned by Napoleon[43]
14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823Servant of God
Pius VII,O.S.B.		Bertel ThorvaldsenSt. Peter's BasilicaCommissioned at the expense of Cardinal Consalvi, Pius VII's Secretary of State, it depicts the pope blessing the angels of Time and History, with the onlooking figures of Fortitude (left) and Wisdom (right)[131]

19th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
28 September 1823
– 10 February 1829		Leo XIIGiuseppe FabrisSt. Peter's Basilica[132]
31 March 1829
– 1 December 1830		Pius VIIIPietro TeneraniSt. Peter's BasilicaMoved from the Vatican grottoes in 1857 to the Tenerani monument commissioned by Cardinal Albani; figures are the kneeling pontiff and seated Christ as well as Saints Peter (left) and Paul (right); base reliefs are Prudence (left) and Justice (right)[132]
2 February 1831
– 1 June 1846		Gregory XVI,O.S.B. Cam.Luigi AmiciSt. Peter's Basilica[133]
16 June 1846
– 7 February 1878		Blessed
Pius IX		UnknownSan Lorenzo fuori le Mura[134]
20 February 1878
– 20 July 1903		Leo XIIIGiulio TadoliniArchbasilica of Saint John LateranTomb monument.[10] Last pope entombed outside the Vatican untilFrancis.

20th century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
4 August 1903
– 20 August 1914		Saint
Pius X		Pier Enrico Astorri
Florestano Di Fausto (architect)		St. Peter's Basilica[135]
3 September 1914
– 22 January 1922		Benedict XVPietro CanonicaSt. Peter's BasilicaMonument in St. Peter's[136]
Giulio Barbieri (bronze effigy)Tomb[136]
6 February 1922
– 10 February 1939		Pius XIGiannino CastiglioniSt. Peter's BasilicaCandoglia marble sarcophagus topped with a deathbed effigy[137] Located in the Basilica's grottoes in theChapel of Saint Sebastian.[138]
2 March 1939
– 9 October 1958		Venerable
Pius XII		Francesco Messina (bronze funeral monument)St. Peter's BasilicaFuneral monument in St. Peter's separate from sarcophagus in the Vatican grottoes.[139]
28 October 1958
– 3 June 1963		Saint
John XXIII		Emilio GrecoSt. Peter's BasilicaMoved from the Vatican grottoes to the Altar of Saint Jerome after his beatification on 3 September 2000.[140]
21 June 1963
– 6 August 1978		Saint
Paul VI		UnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaThree reliefs are from the fifteenth century; "as simple as possible [...] neither tomb nor monument" and buried in the ground per Paul VI's wishes.[141]
UnknownUpdated in October 2018 with "Sanctvs" for his canonisation.
26 August 1978
– 28 September 1978		Blessed
John Paul I		Francesco Vacchini (design)
Andrea Bregno (reliefs)		St. Peter's BasilicaReliefs are late fifteenth century; across the aisle fromMarcellus II, another short-reigning pope. Updated in September 2022 with "Beatvs" for his beatification.[142]

21st century

[edit]
PontificatePortraitCommon English nameImageSculptorLocationNotes
16 October 1978
– 2 April 2005		Saint
John Paul II		UnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaSeeDeath and funeral of Pope John Paul II. Tomb formerly occupied byJohn XXIII.
UnknownHis body was moved from the Vatican grottoes to the chapel of Saint Sebastian after his beatification on 1 May 2011. The inscription "Beatvs" was changed in April 2014 to "Sanctvs" for his canonization.
19 April 2005
– 28 February 2013

(d. 31 December 2022)

Benedict XVIUnknownSt. Peter's BasilicaSeeDeath and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI.

Burial site in the Vatican Grottoes at the same location as John Paul II before his beatification in 2011.[143]

13 March 2013
– 21 April 2025		Francis,S.J.UnknownBasilica di Santa Maria MaggioreSeeDeath and funeral of Pope Francis.

First Pope in a century to be buried outside the Vatican sinceLeo XIII, and the first to not have been entombed at all inside the Vatican sinceClement XIV. According to his spiritual testament, "The tomb should be in the ground; simple, without particular ornamentation, bearing only the inscription: Franciscus." The tomb is made of marble from the Italian Region ofLiguria, where his grandparents lived before emigrating to Argentina. A reproduction of the Pope's pectoral cross appears at his tomb.[144][145]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Mann, 2003, p. 1.
  2. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 5–12.
  3. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 269–271.
  4. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 23–26.
  5. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 23.
  6. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 10–11.
  7. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 272–277.
  8. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 70–109.
  9. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 25.
  10. ^abcdefgReardon, 2004, p. 270.
  11. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 30.
  12. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 31.
  13. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 34–35.
  14. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 40–41.
  15. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 46–48.
  16. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 48.
  17. ^abMann, 2003, p. 22.
  18. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 49–51.
  19. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 54–55.
  20. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 60.
  21. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 16.
  22. ^Mann, 2003, p. 24.
  23. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 61.
  24. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 62.
  25. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 64.
  26. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 66.
  27. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 74.
  28. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 76.
  29. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 77.
  30. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 80.
  31. ^abWilliamson, Paul. (1998).Gothic sculpture, 1140–1300. pp. 95–98.
  32. ^Beckwith, John. (1961). "Review: The Tomb of Pope Clement II at Bamberg".The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 103, No. 700, pp. 321–322.
  33. ^Turner, Jane. (1996).The dictionary of art. p. 139.
  34. ^Porter, Darwin. (2004).Frommer's Germany. p. 210.
  35. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 82–83.
  36. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 9.
  37. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 83.
  38. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 84.
  39. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 87.
  40. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 88.
  41. ^Thomas, Sarah Fawcett. (2000).Butler's Lives of the Saints: September / revised by Sarah Fawcett Thomas. Continuum International Publishing.ISBN 978-0-86012-258-6. p. 150.
  42. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 89.
  43. ^abcdefgReardon, 2004, p. 269.
  44. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 90–91.
  45. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 93.
  46. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 11.
  47. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 95.
  48. ^Mann, 2003, p. 32.
  49. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 12.
  50. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 98.
  51. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 100.
  52. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 102–103.
  53. ^abAn illustration of the iron casket can be seen in Reardon, 2004, p. 113.
  54. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 104.
  55. ^Keys to Umbria: City Walks. May 22, 2009 (retrieved). "Interior of the DuomoArchived 2009-01-07 at theWayback Machine ".
  56. ^Gardner, 1992, p. 36, ill. 21, 25–27, 31.
  57. ^abcFrothingham, A. L., Jr. (1891). "Notes on Roman Artists of the Middle Ages. III. Two Tombs of the Popes at Viterbo by Vassallectus and Petrus Oderisi".The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts,7(1/2): 38.
  58. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 132–135.
  59. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 34–38.
  60. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 109.
  61. ^An illustration of the nineteenth century Tomb of Pope John XXI can be found in: Daly, Walter J. (2004). "An Earlier De Motu Cordis[dead link]".Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, Vol. 115.
  62. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 111.
  63. ^abP. Cellini,Di Fra' Guglielmo e di Arnolfo, BArte, s. IV, 40, 1955, pp. 215-229
  64. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 97–99.
  65. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 115.
  66. ^P. Cellini,Di Fra' Guglielmo e di Arnolfo, BArte, s. IV, 40, 1955, pp. 215-229
  67. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 116.
  68. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 118.
  69. ^Kington, Tom (14 April 2009)."Italy earthquake focus shifts to saving Abruzzo's heritage".The Guardian.
  70. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 106–108, 111–112.
  71. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 120–121.
  72. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 88, 124–130.
  73. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 176–179.
  74. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 167–172.
  75. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 126.
  76. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 139.
  77. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 183–184.
  78. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 186.
  79. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 195–196.
  80. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 190–194.
  81. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 203. As seen inActa Sanctorum.
  82. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 204–207.
  83. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 133.
  84. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 147.
  85. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 137.
  86. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 141–142.
  87. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 145.
  88. ^Gardner, 1992, ill. 18.
  89. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 149.
  90. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 152.
  91. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 153.
  92. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 156.
  93. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 161.
  94. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 163.
  95. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 167.
  96. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 173.
  97. ^abcReardon, 2004, p. 177.
  98. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 177–178.
  99. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 179.
  100. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 182.
  101. ^Reardon, 2004, 182.
  102. ^Reardon, 2004, 185–186.
  103. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 186.
  104. ^Aldrich, Robert, and Wotherspoon, Garry. (2002).Who's who in gay and lesbian history. Routledge. p. 278.
  105. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 187–188.
  106. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 188.
  107. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 189.
  108. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 191.
  109. ^Gerhard Bissell,Pierre le Gros, 1666–1719,Reading, Berkshire 1997, pp. 42–44.
  110. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 195.
  111. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 195–197.
  112. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 198.
  113. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 199.
  114. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 201.
  115. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 204.
  116. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 206–207.
  117. ^Gerhard Bissell,Pierre le Gros, 1666–1719,Reading, Berkshire 1997, pp. 104–105. Reardon's statement (Reardon, 2004, p. 206–207) that the design was byOrazio Grassi is based on an unreliable source of more than a century ago and not correct; also, while it is correct, as she states, thatCamillo Rusconi created statues of theCardinal Virtues for the chapel, they were there decades before the monument and have nothing to do with it.
  118. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 207.
  119. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 208–209.
  120. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 211.
  121. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 211–213.
  122. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 213.
  123. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 215.
  124. ^Olszewski, Edward J. (2004).Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni (1667–1740) and the Vatican tomb of Pope Alexander VIII. Diane Publishing.ISBN 978-0-87169-252-8.
  125. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 218.
  126. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 218–219.
  127. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 219.
  128. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 221.
  129. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 223.
  130. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 224–225.
  131. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 227.
  132. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 229.
  133. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 229–232.
  134. ^Reardon, 2004, pp. 232–233.
  135. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 235.
  136. ^abReardon, 2004, p. 239.
  137. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 240.
  138. ^"The Tomb of Pius XI".
  139. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 243.
  140. ^Fodors. 2009, May 24 (accessed). "Basilica di San PietroArchived 2009-05-08 at theWayback Machine."
  141. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 246.
  142. ^Reardon, 2004, p. 249.
  143. ^"Pope Francis presides over funeral of predecessor Benedict XVI".France 24. 2023-01-05. Retrieved2023-01-05.
  144. ^"The pope says he wants to be buried in the Rome basilica, not in the Vatican".AP News. 2023-12-13. Retrieved2023-12-13.
  145. ^"Pope's tomb made of marble from the land of his Italian grandparents". 24 April 2025.

References

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