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Most of these black slurs and all these African slurs apply also toCape Coloureds. People of mixed races inSouth Africa are referred to asColoured with no derogatory connections.[1][2]
(South Africa)Khoisans. Historically used against the Khoisan people in Southern Africa, referring to their nomadic lifestyle and reliance on the bush for survival.[10]
(US) a black person. Once generally accepted as inoffensive, this word is now considered disrespectful by some. TheNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) continues to use its full name unapologetically. This is not to be confused with the term "person of color" which is the preferred term for collectively referring to all non-white people.
Cotton picker
(US) Individuals of Black African descent.[11][12]
Coon
(US and UK) originally used by Europeans/white people as a pejorative term for a black person. Possibly from Portuguesebarracos, a building constructed to hold slaves for sale (1837).[13] The term (though still also used in its original sense) is commonly used today by African or Black Americans towards members of the same race who are perceived to pander/kowtow to white people; to be a 'sellout'; tohate themselves; or to "collud[e] with racism for personal gain."[14] It is often used againstblack conservatives or Republicans (similar toUncle Tom andcoconut).[15][16][17] Also used to slurCape Coloureds orColoureds in South Africa. The association of the term "coon" with thecoloured group expresses ambivalent feelings about their mixed-race ancestral background, and signifiesself-deprecation, subordination, and marginalization of the underprivileged.[18]
(US) a black person;[29] also the name for thesegregation laws prevalent in much of the United States until thecivil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.[30]
(International) a black person. From the wordnegro, which means the color black in numerous languages. Diminutiveappellations includeNigg andNigz. Over time, the termsnigga andniggaz (plural) have come to be frequently used between someAfrican or black diaspora without the negative associations ofnigger. Consideredvery offensive and typically censored as "the n-word" even in reference to its use. The termsniggress,negress, andnigette are feminized formulations of the term.
(Australia) Chinese people, used in the late 1900s, a reference to their coming from the "Celestial Empire" (i.e.China).
Charlie
(US) A term used by American troops during theVietnam War as a shorthand for communist guerrillas: it was shortened from "Victor Charlie", theradio code designation for theViet Cong, or VC.[49]
(North America) unskilled Asian laborer, usually Chinese (originally used in the 19th century for Chinese railroad laborers). Possibly from Mandarinku li (苦力) or Hindikuli, 'day laborer'.[53] Also racial epithet forIndo-Caribbean people, especially inGuyana andTrinidad and Tobago.[54]
East Asian people, particularly aimed towardsKoreans.[55][56] The term originates from theKorean War and comes from the Korean word for country. The Korean word for the United States of America isMee Hap Joon Gook, which is shorten to the more familiarMee Gook.Dae Han Min Gook or the People's Republic of Korea is similarly shortened toHan Gook. The word was given a derogatory slant by American service men who used it to refer to Koreans. It was also used prominently during the Vietnam War, particularly towards the Viet Cong.[56]
(Predominantly US, used elsewhere) Refers to an East Asian person (of theOrient) and/or their ethnicity.[58][59][60] In 2016, US PresidentBarack Obama signed a bill to remove the termOriental, together with some others, as a reference to a person from federal laws.[61]
Slope
(Australia) a person of East Asian descent.
Yellow, Yellowman, or Yellowwoman
designating or pertaining to an East Asian person, in reference to those who have a yellowish skin complexion.[62]
(US) used by South-Asian diaspora for American-born South Asians, including Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi (mainly Indians, as they are the largest number of South Asians in the US) who are confused about theircultural identity. This is often used humorously without any derogatory meaning.
Brownie
a brown-skinned person of South Asian, Arab, or Hispanic descent. Rarely used as someone of Native American or Pacific Islander descent.[63]
Chee-chee
a Eurasian half-caste, probably from Hindichi-chi fie, literally 'dirt'.[64]
(UK) pejorative for a person from South Asia (particularly Pakistan) and mainly used in the United Kingdom. First recorded in 1964[66] during increased immigration of Pakistanis to the United Kingdom and popularized during a heightened era of Paki-bashing.[67] Although considered the 'P-Word'[66] in the United Kingdom, it is colloquially used by Pakistanis in North America and elsewhere to refer to themselves and is not commonly perceived as derogatory when referred to as Paki by others.
Someone of Southeast Asian origin, particularly aimed towards aVietnamese person. Also used as a disparaging term for a North Vietnamese soldier or guerrilla in the Vietnam War. Origin: 1965–70, Americanism.[68]
(US) a racial term used to refer to Filipino guerillas during thePhilippine–American War. The term came fromgugo, theTagalog name forEntada phaseoloides or the St. Thomas bean, the bark of which was used by Filipinas to shampoo their hair. The term was a predecessor to the termgook, a racial term used to refer to all Asian people.[70]
Hokkien word for foreigner, used to refer to non-Chinese Southeast Asian people andTaiwanese aborigines, considered offensive by most non-Chinese speakers.[71][72]
pejorative term used by the US military forIraqis,[74] may also be used for other Muslims.[75][76] Derived from the honorificAl-Hajji, the title given to a Muslim who has completed the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
A Muslim, Arab, Sikh, or member of any group that traditionally wears headdress such as aturban,keffiyeh, orheadscarf.
Turco
(Argentina, Brazil, Chile) an Arab, or less commonly a Jew or Armenian.[77][78][79] Used after theOttoman nationality that early Palestinian, Lebanese and Syrian immigrants had on their passports[77]
(Malaysia and Singapore)Hokkien for "red hair" referring toDutch people from the 17th century and expanded to allwhite people by the 19th century, has become a neutral term in the 21st century.[80]
(Japan) westerners, especially Europeans and Americans; literally "butter-smelling". The term originates from the 19th century, as following theOpening of Japan, westerners were believed to smell ofdairy products (including butter), which were not widely eaten in Japan at the time.[82] The term survives in the present day as a descriptor for things that are 'obnoxiously western',[83] or to refer to things of western origin.[84]
(Indonesia) white people; literally, "albino", but used to mean any white person, in the same way that "colored" might be used to refer to a black person.[85]
(UK) white people, especially older white men – based on the reddish appearance of their faces whenflushed.
Gora (गोरा,گورا), Goro (गोरो)
(India) a person of European descent or other light skinned person inHindi and other Indo-Aryan languages. However, it has recently been connected to racism. "Gori" is the feminine form.[90][91][92][93]
(Hong Kong and South China) A White man.Gwei orkwai (鬼) means 'ghost', which the color white is associated with in China; and the termlo (佬) refers to a regular guy (i.e. a fellow, a chap, or a bloke). Once a mark ofxenophobia, the word was promoted byMaoists as insulting but is now in general, informal use.[96]
(Hawaii) Usually not offensive, can be derogatory if intended to offend. Used by modern-dayNative Hawaiians to refer to anyone of European descent whether native born or not. Use has spread to many other islands of the Pacific and is known in modern pop culture.[97]
(US) ACentral European laborer. It originated in the coal regions of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, where Poles and other immigrants from Central Europe (Hungarians [Magyar],Rusyns,Slovaks) came to perform hard manual labor on the mines.[98]
Land thief
(South Africa) a white person from South Africa. The term implies that white people stole land from black people during the Apartheid era, and are therefore responsible for the current economic and social inequalities in the country.[47]
Mangiacake
(Canada) used byItalian Canadians for those ofAnglo-Saxon orNorthwestern European descent.Mangiacake literally translates to 'cake eater', and one suggestion is that this term originated from the perception of Italian immigrants that Canadian or North American white bread is sweet as cake in comparison to the rustic bread eaten by Italians.[99]
(US especially)Greaseball generally refers to a person ofItalian descent. Meanwhile, though it may be used as a shortening ofgreaseball to refer to Italians,greaser has been more often applied to Hispanic Americans orMexican Americans. However,greaseball (and to a lesser extent,greaser) can also refer to any person ofMediterranean/Southern European descent orHispanic descent, including Greeks, Spaniards, and the Portuguese, as well as Latin Americans.[110][111]Greaser also refer to members of a1950-1960s subculture whichItalian Americans andHispanic Americans were stereotyped to be a part of.
(Australia) used for the first wave of Southern European immigrants to Australia and their descendants that contrasted with the dominant Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Celtic colonial stock. Used mostly for Mediterraneans and Southern Europeans, including the Spanish, Italians, Greeks, Macedonians, Lebanese, Arabs, Croatians and Serbians.
term used by Chilean officers to refer to Peruvians and Bolivians during theWar of the Pacific (1879–1883).[113]
Greaseball
(US) Can refer to a person of Italian or Hispanic descent.[114] More generally, it can also refer to anyone of Mediterranean or Latin American descent.[111]
A person of Hispanic descent. First recorded use in 1915. Theories include it originating from "no spik English" (originally "spiggoty", from "no speak-o t'e English"). Also used for someone who speaks the Spanish language. In the early 20th century, "spic", "spig", and "spigotty" were also similarly used against Italian immigrants in the United States and Italians in general, as well as Portuguese people.[115]
Originally used by Venezuelans duringVenezuela's oil boom to refer to Colombian immigrants who settled in the country and their descendants, being aportmanteau of 'Venezuelan' and 'Colombian'. Over timeits meaning changed to refer to Venezuelans.[118]
A Latin American person. Originally applied specifically to Mexican migrant workers who had crossed the Rio Grande border river illegally to find work in the United States, its meaning has since broadened.
A brown-skinned person, or someone of Indigenous Australian, American, or Canadian descent, as well as of those of Hispanic or South Asian descent.[63]
Chug
(Canada) refers to an individual ofaboriginal descent.[119] From the native peopleChugach.
Eskimo, Eskimo Pie
an indigenous person from theArctic. Once a common term in Canada,Eskimo has come to be considered offensive andInuit (orInuk) is now preferred.Eskimo Pie has also been used against Inuk persons.[120]
People indigenous to the Americas, termed by Columbus due to the fact he thought he arrived in the East Indies. The term is considered offensive by few, but is still used within theCanadian legal system.[121]
refers specifically to Native American children, although sometimes used to refer to children in general. From the Algonquian language family and generally inoffensive when used in such contexts.[122]
(US and Canada) a female Native American.[125] Derived from the lower East-CoastAlgonquian languageMassachusett termussqua,[126] which originally meant 'young woman', but which took on strong negative connotations in the late 20th century.
a term used by modernMapuche as an insult for Mapuche considered to be subservient to non-indigenous Chileans, 'sellout'.[129] Use of the wordyanacona to describe people have led legal action in Chile.[129]
(Australia) anAboriginal Australian. Originally, this was simply an informal term forAborigine, and was in fact used by Aboriginal people themselves until it started to be considered offensive in the 1950s. In remoter areas, Aboriginal people still often refer to themselves (quite neutrally) asBlackfellas (and white people asWhitefellas). AlthoughAbo is still considered quite offensive by many, the pejorativeboong is now more commonly used when the intent is deliberately to offend, as that word's status as an insult is unequivocal.[130]
Boong / bong / bung
(Australia) an Aboriginal Australian.[131]Boong, pronounced withʊ (like the vowel inbull), is related to theAustralian-English slang wordbung, meaning 'dead', 'infected', or 'dysfunctional'. Frombung comes the phraseto go bung, "to die, then to break down, go bankrupt, cease to function [Ab.bong dead]."[132] The term was first used in 1847 by J. D. Lang inCooksland.[133] The (Oxford)Australian National Dictionary gives its origin in theWemba word for 'man' or 'human being'.[134]
People ofmixed race of African, Asian & European descent.[140] While the term "coloured" may be seen as offensive in some other western countries, such as Britain and the United States of America,[141] it is currently treated as a neutral description in Southern Africa for people of mixed race.[142]
mildly derogative term forwhite South Africans, especially those ofAfrikaner descent. From the Afrikaans termplaasjapie, meaning 'farm boy',[143] and from the common Afrikaans first nameJapie, a diminutive of Jacobus.
(Australia) used for the first wave of Southern European immigrants in Australia and their descendants, contrasting with the dominant Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Celtic colonial stock. Originally used mostly forMediterraneans and Southern Europeans, including the Spanish, Italians, Greeks, and Macedonians, expanded to include Mediterranean people of the Middle East or Levantine, including the Lebanese.
EthnicVisayans, "Visayan" is theanglicization of thehispanized termBisayas (archaicBiçayas), in turn derived from VisayanBisaya.Kabisay-an refers both to the Visayan people collectively and the islands they have inhabited since prehistory, theVisayas. The exact meaning and origin of the nameBisaya is unknown. The first documented use of the name is possibly by Song-era Chinese maritime officialZhao Rugua who wrote about the "Pi-sho-ye", who raided the coasts ofFujian andPenghu during the late 12th century using iron javelins attached to ropes as their weapons.[148][149][150]
Promdi
From a pronunciation spelling of English "from the (province)". This term can be offending or stereotypical of people who come from countryside.[151]
(mostly US) used forAshkenazi Jews. Possibly from Yiddishkikel, 'circle', as immigrant Jews who could not read English often signed legal documents with an "O" (similar to an "X", to which Jews objected because such also symbolizes a cross).[153]
term for Jews, derived from its use as an endonym among Yiddish-speaking Jews.[154] In English,yid can be used both as a neutral or derogatory term,[154] whereas the Russianzhyd came to be a pejorative term banned by the Soviet authorities in the 1930s.[155][156] However, in most otherSlavic languages (e.g. Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Croatian), the term simply translates to 'Jew' (e.g. Polish:żyd) and is thus not a pejorative.
Argentine term for British people, meaning 'pirate' in English. Used before and during theFalklands conflict.[158]
Scots
Jock
(UK) used inSouthern England,[159] occasionally used as an insult. The term became an offensive word during the war of succession with England when all Scots were referred to asJocks.[160]
(Wales) an anglicised Welsh person, an individual who speaks English and refuses to speak Welsh, or someone who turned their back on the Welsh nation.[164]
a Welsh person, arose during the industrial revolution, when many Welsh families settled in mining towns outside of Wales, or even English miners settled in Wales for work, thus; expressed a distrust for people who spoke a different language to the English.[166]
Dutch
Kaaskop
Literally translates to "Cheesehead". Can also refer specifically to people from theHolland region when used by people in the southern Netherlands andBelgium[167]
Tatta
Dutch person of native descent. The term originated from Dutchstraattaal[nl], a type of urban slang. It is derived from theSranan Tongo word for potatoes (patata), which the Dutch are known to eat. Sometimes used to generically mean "person".[168]
Apheresis of the wordalboche, which in turn is a blend ofallemand (French forGerman) andcaboche (slang for 'head'). Used mainly during the First and Second World Wars, and directed especially at German soldiers.[169]
Chleuh
a term with racial connotations, derived from the name of theChleuh, a North African ethnicity. It also denotes the absence of words beginning inSchl- in French. It was used mainly in World War II, but is also used now in a less offensive way.
From serbocroation "kruh"=Bread. In WW I used for austro-ungarian prisoners of croatian nationality in Italian camps because, when hungry, they begged for "kruh". In WW II applied to german soldiers by italian soldiers fighting with them in the USSR and later by italian partisans.[170]
Hermans, Herms
Based on the common German nameHermann, pronounced to rhyme with "German".[171]
Initially seen on Allied war propaganda duringWorld War I. An allusion to the legendary savagery ofAttila the Hun, referenced byKaiserWilhelm II in a speech given in 1900, exhorting his troops to be similarly brutal and relentless in suppressing theBoxer Rebellion inChina.
Jerry, Gerry
Rhyming slang (i.e.,Jerry the German), primarily used in the First and Second World Wars by the British and other English-speaking nations. Based on the common given nicknameJerry, short for Jeremiah, Gerald, and other similar-sounding names.[citation needed]
a German, used in Anglophone nations since World War II. The term is probably based onsauerkraut, which is popular in various South-German cuisines but traditionally not prepared in North Germany.
Marmeladinger
From Southern German/Austrianmarmelade, 'jam'. The origins can be traced to the trenches of World War I: while Austrian infantry rations included butter and lard as spread, German troops had to make do with cheaper marmelade asersatz, which they disdainfully calledHeldenbutter ('Hero's butter') orHindenburgfett.[172]
Mof
Germans, reflecting Dutch resentment of the German occupation of the Netherlands during the Second World War. It is the second most common term in Dutch for the German people, after the regular/official term (Duitse).[173]
Nazi
Used against any German or German-American without regard to their politics or family history, even towards those who suffered under the Nazi regime.
Piefke
a German, used byAustrians, derived from the name of Prussian military composer and band-leaderJohann Gottfried Piefke. Like its Bavarian counterpartSaupreiß ('sow-Prussian'), the termPiefke historically characterized the people of Prussia only.[174]
Irish, especially rural, derived from the widespread occurrence ofpeat bogs in central Ireland (remote areas considered isolated and backwards, often under the influence of landlords and theChurch) and the attendant Irish practice ofpeat cutting for fuel.[177]
Mick
(US and UK) an Irishman. Like Mickey, Mike, and Mikey, Mick is a common abbreviation or nickname for Michael (in English) or Mícheál (its equivalent inIrish), which are common names for Irish males (such asMick McCarthy).[178][179]
Paddy
an Irish man, derived from a nickname forPádraig, a common Irish name for males afterSt. Patrick, thepatron saint ofIreland. The term is not always intended to be derogatory – for instance, it was used byTaoiseach-in-waitingEnda Kenny in February 2011.[180]
Prod
abbreviation forProtestant, especiallyNorthern Ireland Protestants, often used alongsideTaig (Irish Catholics) in expressions such asboth Taigs and Prods. Like other such abbreviations everywhere, it is often used for convenience, as a friendly nickname, or as self-description, usually without any offense being intended, and usually without any offense being taken.
(Italy) a neutral term used by people fromSardinia andSicily to indicate someone's origin from theItalian peninsula;[182][183] in Sardinia, the word has taken on the general meaning of "non-Sardinian."[184]
(US) a person of Italian descent. Possibly originally from the common Spanish first nameDiego.
Eyetie
(US) a person of Italian descent, derived from the mispronunciation ofItalian aseye-talian.[185][186]
Gino / Gina
(Canada) A person of Italian descent who exhibits certain exaggerated "ethnic" characteristics such as excessive jewellery, big hair, and open shirts (for males).[187]
(US) a person of Italian or Hispanic descent.[114] In particular,greaser also referred tomembers of the 1950s subculture that Italians were stereotyped to be a part of.
(US) an Italian American male. Used mostly in theNortheastern United States as a stereotype for working-class urban Italian-Americans. Derives from theItalian given nameGuido.[189]
Guinea
(US) someone of Italian descent, most likely derived from "Guinea Negro", implying that Italians are dark or swarthy-skinned like the natives ofGuinea.[190]
Macaronar
(Romania) used for Italians in general, roughly meaning "macaroni eater/maker".[191]
(Aus) the first wave of Southern European immigrants in Australia and their descendants, contrasting with the dominant Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Celtic colonial stock. Used mostly for Mediterraneans and Southern Europeans, including the Spanish, Italians, Greeks, Macedonians, Lebanese, Arabs, Croatians and Serbians.
(US) an ethnic term for anyone of Italian descent, derived from theNeapolitan wordguappo, close to 'dude, swaggerer' and other informal appellations.[194][195] Some etymologies popularly, but inaccurately, provided that it stands for "With Out Passport/Papers or "Working On Pavement", supposedly derived from Italians that arrived to North America as immigrants without papers and worked in construction and blue collar work. These acronyms are dismissed asfolk etymology orbackronyms by etymologists.
Sardinians
Sardegnolo, sardignòlo, sardignuolo, sardagnòlo
(Italy) often used to refer to theSardinians by people from mainland Italy and Sicily; depending on the latter's local dialect, the term might also present itself in the form ofsardignòlo,sardignuolo,[196] orsardagnòlo.[197][198] In Italy, Sardinia used to be considered aplace of exile[199][200] andsardigna, by extension, ametonymy for 'place where to dump dead or infected animals'.[201][202] Being also employed in reference to animals indigenous to the island,[197] and especially to the donkeys to which the Sardinians were often associated in mockery by the Piedmontese rulers,[203] the term might be used in a derogatory fashion to imply some likening to them.[204][205][206]
Sheep shagger
(Italy) used in a variety of Italian renditions by people from mainland Italy and Sicily, to refer to the Sardinians as a people whose men rather engage inbestiality than in sexual intercourse with a fellow human.[207][208]
(Chile) used in Chile to refer to Spaniards given the perception that Spaniards recurrently use of the vulgar interjection coño ("cunt").[175]
Godo
(Chile) Spaniard, in reference to theirGoth ancestry[175]
Russians
Russki, Russkie
a term for "Russian" that is sometimes disparaging when used by foreigners.[218] However, in the Russian language, it is a neutral term that simply means anethnic Russian, as opposed to a citizen of theRussian Federation.
(US and New Zealand) a European person. Derived from an African American pronunciation ofhunky, the disparaging term for a Hungarian laborer. The first record of its use as an insulting term for a European-American person dates from the 1950s.[229] In New Zealand,honky is used by Māori to refer to New Zealanders of European descent.[230]
rural people. In the 1940s, the abbreviated versionwood entered California prison slang, originally meaning anOkie mainly from the San Joaquin Valley. This has caused the symbol of the woodpecker to be used bywhite power skinheads and other pro-European groups.
Uncontracted,Yankee remains in use in theAmerican South in reference toNortherners; contracted,Yank is employed internationally by speakers ofBritish English in a neutral reference to all Americans (first recorded 1778).[235] The term was first applied by the Dutch colonists ofNew Amsterdam toConnecticuters and other residents ofNew England, possibly from DutchJanke ('Johnny') or fromJan Kees ('John Cheese').[235]
a Chilean. The term is used with negative conotations in Bolivia and Peru, but in Chile itself it can be seen as positive reference to the ordinary and hardy Chilean.[241][242]
Cuban exiles. The term was coined byFidel Castro, who called Cubans leaving in theFreedom Flightsgusanos ('worms') and insisted the Cuban exiles were capitalists who had profited during the pre-Castro era.[247][248][249]
Eastern Cubans living in Havana, often with implication that they are black and/or an illegal migrant. The term "Palestino" means "Palestinian" in English. The term refers to the fact that Eastern Cubans are often refused entry intoHavana, and those who illegally migrate are compared toPalestinian refugees.[251]
Tally wop
black Cubans, used by Anglo Americans in 1900s Tampa.[244]
(US) first used as by white people, the pejorative term is commonly used by African Americans or Black Americans today towards African/Black Americans who are perceived to pander/kowtow to white people; to be a 'sellout'; tohate themselves; or to "collud[e] with racism for personal gain."[14] Often used againstblack conservatives or Republicans.[15][16][17] (Similar toUncle Tom andcoconut.)
(Americas, originally) a term used to refer to a person who is born from one white parent. The term is generally considered archaic by some and inadvertently derogatory, especially in the African American community. The term is widely used in Latin America and Caribbean usually without suggesting any insult. Historically in the American South, the termmulatto was applied also at times to persons with an admixture of Native Americans, and African Americans in general. In early American history, the termmulatto was also used to refer to persons of Native American and European ancestry.
Africans who practice white culture,referring to an oreo cookie: "black on the outside, white on the inside".
Aunt Jemima / Aunt Jane / Aunt Mary / Aunt Sally / Aunt Thomasina
(US) a term, used by black people, for a black woman who "kisses up" to white people; a "sellout"; a female counterpart ofUncle Tom. (Similar toCoconut.)[254] The term is taken from thepopular syrup of the same name, wherein the titular Aunt Jemima is represented as a black woman.[255]
Afro-Saxon
(North America) a young white male devotee of black pop culture.[256]
a term used by black people to either denote a white woman or a black woman who acts too much like a white one. WhileMiss Ann (or just plainAnn) is a derisive reference to the white woman, by extension it is applied to any black woman who puts on airs and tries to act like Miss Ann.[257][258]
a slang term for a white person whoallophilically emulates mannerisms, slangs (ebonics), and fashions stereotypically associated with urban African Americans; especially in relation to hip hop culture.
used in theWeimar Republic and Nazi Germany to refer toAfro-German children of mixed German and African parentage, who were fathered by Africans serving as French colonial troops occupying the Rhineland after World War I.
(Americas, originally) a person who is born from one white parent. The term is generally considered archaic by some and inadvertently derogatory, especially in the African American community. The term is widely used in Latin America and Caribbean usually without suggesting any insult. Historically in the American South, the term mulatto was applied also at times to persons with an admixture of Native Americans, and African Americans in general. In early American history, the term mulatto was also used to refer to persons of Native American and European ancestry.
are racial terms used in the Spanish and Portuguese Empires and occasionally today to identify individuals in the Americas who are of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry (the analogous English term, considered a slur, is sambo).
(US) a term used for American-born South Asian, such as Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis, who are confused about their cultural identity. This is often used humorously without any derogatory meaning.
Banana
(North America, UK, and Malaysia) an East Asian person living in a Western country (e.g. East Asian American) who is "yellow on the outside, white on the inside". Used primarily by East Asian people to indicate someone who has lost touch with the cultural identity of his or her parents.[259]
Coconut
(US, UK, Australia, and New Zealand) Named forcoconuts, which are brown on the outside and white on the inside, the term is used globally for a person of color who adapts to, or is adopted by, European society. This term is used in the United States for a person of Hispanic or South Asian descent,[260] in the United Kingdom forBritish Asian people,[261][262][263] and in Australia and New Zealand for aPacific Islander.[264]
(Americas, originally) a term used to refer to a person who is born from one white parent. The term is generally considered archaic by some and inadvertently derogatory, especially in the African American community. The term is widely used in Latin America and Caribbean usually without suggesting any insult. Historically in the American South, the term mulatto was applied also at times to persons with an admixture of Native Americans, and African Americans in general. In early American history, the term mulatto was also used to refer to persons of Native American and European ancestry.
Apple
(North America) aNative American who is "red on the outside, white on the inside". First used in the 1970s, the term is primarily employed by other Native Americans to indicate someone who has lost touch with their cultural identity.[265]
Derived from "Egyptian", Egypt being mistakenly considered these people's origin. The name gypsy is embraced by some Romani and rejected by others.[266][267][268]
Cigan, Zigeuner
(Serbia) derives fromAthinganoi, Greek for "untouchable", on the belief they were connected to aManichean sect.[269][270] The German equivalent is Zigeuner.[271] The related Russian word цыгане (tsygane), however, is used in a neutral manner, but is becoming dated and replaced with the Russian equivalent of Romani.[272]
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^abChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)."Cracker" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 359; see last four lines.In the southern states of America, "cracker" is a term of contempt for the "poor" or "mean whites," particularly of Georgia and Florida
^Warman v. Beaumont, CHRT (Canadian Human Rights Commission 2007) ("I haven't seen the new $50 bills, but the $20s and $100s I have seen. I have talked with a few people about them (who aren't WN) but they don't like the fact that there is native stuff on the bills. I mean, who wants to pay for something and be reminded of a chug? Not me!"), archived from the original.
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^Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice (2011)."Coloured".Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Luxury Edition. Oxford University Press. p. 283.ISBN978-0-19-960111-0.
^וייס, אבי כהן ואפרת (16 June 2009)."השר אהרונוביץ' לסוכן מלוכלך: "ערבוש אמיתי" – חדשות" [Minister of Public Security apologizes for using the offensive term 'Arabush'].Ynet (in Hebrew). Y-net News.Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved1 November 2013.
^Frances Antoinette Cruz, Nassef Manabilang Adiong (2020).International Studies in the Philippines Mapping New Frontiers in Theory and Practice. Taylor and Francis. p. 27.ISBN9780429509391.
^Richard Pearson (2022).Taiwan Archaeology Local Development and Cultural Boundaries in the China Seas. University of Hawaii Press. p. 119.ISBN9780824893774.
^Mally, Anton Karl. 1984. "Herkunft und Rolle eines österreichischen Spitznamens für den Preußen, den Nord-und den Reichsdeutschen."Muttersprache 4:257–86.
^The names Micheal and Mícheál are derived fromSt. Michael, variants of whose name (such as Michel in French, and Michelle in both English and French) are common for both genders throughout the Western world (not just for Irish males).
^""Paddy likes to know what the story is" – Ireland's Taoiseach-in-waiting promises to tell the truth".TheJournal.ie. February 26, 2011.Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. RetrievedJanuary 15, 2015.Enda Kenny says once he has the full facts about the economic crisis, he'll keep us informed. ... He promised that the Irish people would be kept informed of the economic situation, saying: The incoming government is not going to leave our people in the dark ...Paddy likes to know what the story is.
^<<L'impiego di continente e di continentale, diffuso in tutta l'area sarda, rivela un significato peculiare poiché (come nota Dettori 2007) con questi lessemi i sardi si riferiscono non solo alla penisola italiana e ai suoi abitanti, ma anche alla Sicilia e ai siciliani.>>Ines Loi Corvetto (2011)."Sardegna, italiano di in "Enciclopedia dell'italiano"". Treccani.Archived from the original on 2020-01-25. Retrieved2020-01-04.
^Battaglia, Salvatore (1961). Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, UTET, Torino, V. XX, pp. 961–962
^wop. Dictionary.com. Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian."Wop".Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved1 November 2007.
^Ant1 NewsArchived 2008-03-02 at theWayback Machine, Ώρα μηδέν για το Σκοπιανό (Time Zero for the Skopjan issue), Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
^eriot, P. (1997) "Faut-il que les langues aient un nom? Le cas du macédonien", in Andrée Tabouret-Keller (éd.) : Le nom des langues. L'enjeu de la nomination des langues, vol. 1, (Louvain : Peeters), pp. 167–190.
^Androitis, N. P. (1966) The Federative Republic of Skopje and its Language. (Athens)
^Plath, Oreste (1979).Folklore chileno (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Nascimiento. p. 61.
^Cañas Palacios, Gastón (20 September 2010)."Roto chileno"(ASP) (in Spanish). diario.elmercurio.com. Retrieved2 August 2013.
^Larraín Valdés, Gerardo (2001) [1996].Diego de Almagro (in Spanish). Luxemburgo.ISBN956-272-488-3.[...] los [españoles que volvieron] de Chile estaban en tan pobres condiciones, ya que nadie les daba trabajo ni posibilidades de desenvolverse en alguna actividad, que por sus ropas harapientas los llamaban losrotos chilenos.
^Aguirre, B.E. (1994). "Cuban Mass Migration and the Social Construction of Deviants".Bulletin of Latin American Research.13 (2):155–183.doi:10.2307/3338273.JSTOR3338273.
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Douglass, Joseph H., and Hiley H. Hill. The American Negro and the South African Cape Coloured: A Comparative Study of a Class of Human Phenomena. Association for the Study of African American Life and History. (Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 147–152) Available at:JSTOR44176680
Spears, Richard A. (2001).Slang and Euphemism: A Dictionary of Oaths, Curses, Insults, Ethnic Slurs, Sexual Slang and Metaphor, Drug Talk, College Lingo, and Related Matters. Signet.ISBN978-0-451-20371-7.
Hughes, Geoffrey. 2006.An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, And Ethnic Slurs in the English-speaking World. M.E. Sharpe.
