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List of earthquakes in Myanmar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map showing a number of Myanmar's most notable earthquakes

Myanmar is one of the most seismically active countries inSoutheast Asia. As it is on the Indian and Eurasian plate boundary, it is notorious for devastating earthquakes. Obliquesubduction, block rotation, and atransform margin have been responsible for the seismic activities of the country. TheSagaing Fault is one of the largest sources of earthquakes in the country, having produced deadly quakes in the past centuries. Along the western coast, offshoreRahkine State, theSunda Megathrust, where theIndian plate dives beneath theBurma plate is capable of producing large events and tsunamis like the2004 earthquake. Intermediate depth earthquakes east of theChin Range also pose a risk to people. TheShan Plateau is another source of earthquakes, hosting many activestrike-slip faults that accommodate block rotation of theSunda plate.[1] The latest earthquake happened on March 28, 2025.

Earthquakes

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Notableearthquakes in the history of Myanmar include the following:

DateLocationMag.MMIDepth (km)DeathsInjuriesNotesRef.
2025-07-15Mandalay4.7 MwV32.01An aftershock of the2025 Myanmar earthquake.[2][3]
2025-05-17Mandalay5.1 MwVI10.02An aftershock of the2025 Myanmar earthquake.[4][5]
2025-03-28Mandalay6.7 MwIX10.0The strongest aftershock of the2025 Myanmar earthquake. Struck 11 minutes after.[6]
2025-03-28Sagaing7.7–7.9 MwX10.05,35211,366Widespread damage. Affected parts of Thailand.
see2025 Myanmar earthquake		[7][8]
2023-06-07Ayeyarwady4.8 mb VII10.03Several buildings and a pagoda damaged in Ma-ubin.[9]
2023-05-31Mohnyin5.9 Mw VIII10.0Many structures damaged inHopin and ground effects in theIndawgyi Lake area.[10]
2022-07-21Kengtung5.9 Mww VII5.0Damage in Kengtung. Also felt inChina,Thailand, andLaos.[11]
2021-11-26Hakha6.2 Mww VIII42.5Minor damage and an injury also occurred in Bangladesh.[12]
2018-01-11Bago6.0 Mww VII9.0Felt strongly in many places.[13]
2017-03-13Yangon5.1 mb VI10.0236[14]
2016-08-24Magway6.8 Mw VI84.1420Several temples were damaged
2016-04-13Sagaing6.9 Mw VI134.8Deaths and damage in India and Bangladesh
2012-11-11Sagaing6.8 Mw VIII9.826Many12 missing
2011-03-24Shan6.9 Mw X12.8151212
2011-02-04Monywa6.4 Mw VI85.01[15]
2009-08-11Coco Islands7.5 Mw VII24.0
2007-12-25Kachin4.8 Mw IV35.019Severe damage[16]
2004-12-26Coco Islands9.2–9.3 Mw -30.070–800Rupture extended to the Coco Islands
2003-09-21Magway6.6 Mwb VII15.81043Damage at Taungdwingyi
1995-07-11Shan6.8 Mw VIII12.511[17]
1991-01-05Sagaing7.0 Mw VII19.72[18]
1988-11-06Shan7.2 Ms X15.9Aftershock of the Lancang earthquake.
1988-11-06Shan7.7 Mw IX17.87003,900[19]
1988-08-06Sagaing7.3 Mw VIII98.1330Caused some damage in India and was felt in the Soviet Union. At least 30 injured or missing in Bangladesh.[20]
1976-05-29Yunnan7.0 Mw 10.0982,400+
1975-07-08Mandalay7.0 Mw VIII106.8215
1970-07-29Sagaing7.0 Mw 76.1Damage at Assam.[21]
1956-07-16Sagaing7.1 Mw VIII34.338
1954-03-21Sagaing7.4 mb 180.0Some damage reported in India.[22]
1952-06-19Shan6.7 Mw VIII10.0Homes collapsed and landslides occurred in Yunnan.[23]
1950-08-15Assam8.6 Mw XI15.04,800Rupture partially extended to Burma and was felt strongly[24]
1946-09-12Sagaing7.8 Mw 15.00Doublet earthquake
1946-09-12Sagaing8.0 Mw 15.00
1943-10-23Chin7.2[25]
1941-12-26Shan7.2 Mw 10.0>6[26]
1938-08-16Chin7.2 Ms 75.0[27]
1932-08-14Sagaing7.0 Ms 110.0Damage at Assam[28]
1931-01-27Kachin7.6 Mw IX15.00
1930-12-03Bago7.3 MwX10.036
1930-07-18Irrawaddy50[29][30]
1930-05-05Bago7.5 Mw X35.0500204+Tsunami
1929-08-08Naypyidaw6.6–7.1 Mw 10.0–15.0Caused some damage.[31]
1929-01-19Kachin5.5 Ms IXDamage at Htawgaw.[32]
1927-12-17Yangon~7.0 Mw Severe damage in northern Yangon[33]
1923-06-22Shan7.2 Mw 25.0[34]
1922-05-02Shan6.7 Mw 35.0[35]
1917-07-05BagoShwemawdaw Pagoda fell.
1912-05-23Shan7.8Mw IX15–25.01(?)Several cities damaged[36]
1908-12-12Kachin7.2 Mw 15.0[37][38]
1908-12-12Kachin7.2 Mw 15.0[39]
1906-08-31NorthernSagaing Fault7.0 Mw [40][41]
1906-06-24Coco Islands7.3 Muk [1]60.0 km0[1][42]
1895/1896YangonDestroyed many buildings in Rangoon.
1858-08-24Magway7.7 Mw ?An island disappeared.[43][44][45][1]
1843-10-30RahkineMay have triggered a tsunami.[45]
1842-11-11RahkineTsunami recorded atCheduba Island.[45]
1848-01-03Rahkine6.8–7.2 Mw ?Severe shaking atRamree Island.[46][47]
1839-03-23Mandalay8.1–8.2 Mw XI12-15.0500+Former capital cityInwa destroyed and abandoned.
1762-04-02Chittagong-Rahkine8.8 Mw XI200+Tsunami
1757-06-04Bago[33]
1750Rahkine[48]
1714-08-04SagaingWaves from a river flooded a nearby city.[49]
1620-06-06MandalayFishes in theIrrawaddy River were killed.[33]
1564-09-13BagoMahazedi Pagoda destroyed.[33]
1485-07-24SagaingSeveral pagodas fell.[33]
1467Innwa[50]
1429Innwa[50]
Note: Only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.

Tsunamis affecting Myanmar

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Gallery

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See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdYu Wang."Earthquake Geology of Myanmar"(PDF).Dissertation – via Caltech.
  2. ^ANSS."M 4.7 - 1 km W of Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) 2025".Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  3. ^Zaw, Thant (16 July 2025)."မန္တလေးတွင် ငလျင် ၃ ကြိမ်လှုပ်၊ ဒေသခံများစိုးရိမ်ထိတ်လန့်" [3 earthquakes shake Mandalay, residents panic].Mizzima (in Burmese). Retrieved16 July 2025.
  4. ^ANSS."M 5.1 - 22 km SSW of Kyaukse, Burma (Myanmar) 2025".Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  5. ^"ငလျင်လှုပ်ခတ်မှုကြောင့် သစ်ပင်လှဲပြီး သားအဖနှစ်ဦး သစ်ပင်ပိ သေဆုံးခဲ့ရ" (in Burmese). Myanmar National Post. 18 May 2025. Retrieved18 May 2025.
  6. ^ANSS."M 6.7 – Burma (Myanmar) 2025".Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  7. ^"Myanmar earthquake death toll more than 3300".www.surinametimes.com. Retrieved2025-04-08.
  8. ^"Death toll from 28 March earthquake in Myanmar rises above 3,500".www.surinametimes.com. Retrieved2025-04-08.
  9. ^"မအူပင်မြို့အနီးဗဟိုပြု ငလျင်လှုပ်ခတ် သီလရှင်နှစ်ဦးအပါအဝင် ၃ဦး အုတ်တံတိုင်းပိ၍သေဆုံးဟုကနဦးသတင်းရရှိ" (in Burmese). People's Spring. 7 June 2023. Retrieved7 June 2023.
  10. ^National Earthquake Information Center (31 May 2023)."M 5.9 - 121 km WSW of Myitkyina, Myanmar".United States Geological Survey. Retrieved1 June 2023.
  11. ^"M 5.9 – 53 km S of Kēng Tung, Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  12. ^"M 6.2 – 19 km SW of Hakha, Myanmar". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved26 November 2021.
  13. ^"M 6.0 – 40 km WSW of Pyu, Burma". United States Geological Survey.
  14. ^"M 5.1 – 34 km SE of Tharyarwady, Burma". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved2020-04-26.
  15. ^"Significant earthquakes in Burma".Worlddata.info. Retrieved2020-04-26.
  16. ^"M 4.8 – 46 km SE of Bhamo, Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  17. ^"M 6.8 – Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  18. ^"M 7.0 – Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  19. ^"M 7.7 – Myanmar-China border region".
  20. ^"M 7.3 – Myanmar". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved2020-10-26.
  21. ^"M 7.0 – Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  22. ^"ISC Bulletin Event 890450 Myanmar". International Seismological Centre.
  23. ^"M 6.7 – Myanmar-China border region". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved2021-02-22.
  24. ^A. Coudurier-Curveur, P. Tapponnier, E. Okal, J. Van der Woer, E. Kali, d, S. Choudhury, S. Baruah, M. Etchebes, Ç. Karakaş (1 February 2020)."A composite rupture model for the great 1950 Assam earthquake across the cusp of the East Himalayan Syntaxis".Earth and Planetary Science Letters.531 115928.Bibcode:2020E&PSL.53115928C.doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115928.hdl:10356/136999.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^"Significant Earthquake Information".NOAA NCEI.
  26. ^"Significant Earthquake CHINA: YUNNAN PROVINCE".NGDC. Archived fromthe original on July 9, 2021.
  27. ^"Event 902629 Myanmar-India border region". International Seismological Centre.
  28. ^National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972)."Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved22 March 2024.
  29. ^National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972)."Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved22 March 2024.
  30. ^Nutalaya, Prinya; Sodsri, Sopit (1983).Earthquakes data of Thailand and adjacent areas: 624 B.C. – 1983 A.D.(PDF). Thailand: Geological Society of Thailand.
  31. ^"M 6.6 – Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  32. ^National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972)."Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved22 March 2024.
  33. ^abcdeSoe Thura Tun, Tint Lwin Swe (2009)."Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in Myanmar".Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami.3 (2):43–57.Bibcode:2009JETsu...3...43T.doi:10.1142/S1793431109000482.S2CID 128773603.
  34. ^"Event 911420 Myanmar-China border region". International Seismological Centre.
  35. ^"Event 911885 Myanmar". International Seismological Centre.
  36. ^"M 7.5 – Myanmar". Retrieved2020-10-14.
  37. ^"M 7.0 – Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  38. ^"Significant Earthquake Information".NOAA NCEI.
  39. ^"M 7.3 – 62 km S of Bhamo, Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  40. ^Soe Thura Tun & Watkinson, I. M. 2016. The Sagaing Fault. In: BARBER, A. J., Rido, M. F., Khin Zaw & Rangin, C. (eds.) Myanmar: Geology, Resources and Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Memoir.
  41. ^Xiong, X., B. Shan, Y. M. Zhou, S. J. Wei, Y. D. Li, R. J. Wang, and Y. Zheng (2017). "Coulomb stress transfer and accumulation on the Sagaing Fault, Myanmar, over the past 110 years and its implications for seismic hazard".Geophysical Research Letters.48 (10).American Geophysical Union:4781–4789.Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.4781X.doi:10.1002/2017GL072770.hdl:10220/46403.S2CID 55509712.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  42. ^"ISC Event 16957909". International Seismological Centre.
  43. ^Oldham, Thomas (1883)."A Catalogue of Indian Earthquakes from the earliest time to the end of AD 1869".Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. XIX, Part 3.
  44. ^"January to June 1859; Serampore, Friends of India Press, 1859 March 1859; Page 8".The Calcutta Review.XXXII.
  45. ^abcEdris Alam, Dale Dominey-Howes, Catherine Chagué (2011). "Tsunamis of the northeast Indian Ocean with a particular focus on the Bay of Bengal region—A synthesis and review".Earth-Science Reviews.114 (1–2): 175.Bibcode:2012ESRv..114..175A.doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.05.002.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. ^Bhaskar Kundu, V.K.Gahalaut (2011)."Earthquake occurrence processes in the Indo-Burmese wedge and Sagaing Fault region"(PDF).Tectonophysics.524:135–146.Bibcode:2012Tectp.524..135K.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.031.
  47. ^J. Bruce H. Shyu, Chung-Che Wang, Yu Wang, Chuan-Chou Shen, Hong-Wei Chiang, Sze-Chieh Liu, Soe Min, Oo Than, Soe Thura Tun (2018)."Upper-plate splay fault earthquakes along the Arakan subduction belt recorded by uplifted coral microatolls on northern Ramree Island, western Myanmar (Burma)".Earth and Planetary Science Letters.484.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ^Berninghausen, William H. (1966). "Tsunamis and seismic seiches reported from regions adjacent to the Indian Ocean".Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.56 (1): 69.Bibcode:1966BuSSA..56...69B.doi:10.1785/BSSA0560010069.
  49. ^"Tsunami Event Information".NOAA NCEI.
  50. ^abMacRae, G. A.; Myint, U. T.; Jain, S. K. (2011-06-30)."Steps in earthquake proofing a country: A case study of Myanmar".Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering.44 (2):87–98.doi:10.5459/bnzsee.44.2.87-98.ISSN 2324-1543.S2CID 203185319. Retrieved2022-08-02.
  51. ^Associated Press (January 4, 2005).Scientists question Burma's low toll.The Age.

Sources

Pre-20th century
20th century
21st century
Fault zones and tectonic plates
List of earthquakes in Asia
Sovereign states
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