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List of defunct hard disk manufacturers

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article:History of hard disk drives § Manufacturing history
Diagram of consolidation

At least 218 companies have manufacturedhard disk drives (HDDs) since 1956. Most of that industry has vanished throughbankruptcy ormergers and acquisitions. None of the first several entrants (includingIBM, whoinvented the HDD) continue in the industry today. Only three manufacturers have survived—Seagate,Toshiba andWestern Digital (WD)—all of which grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions.[1]

Manufacturers

[edit]
This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(January 2024)

The following is a partial list of defunct hard disk manufacturers. There are currently119 manufacturers in this incomplete list.

NameCountry of originYear of market entryYear of market exitFateNotesReferences
3MUnited States19811983HDD assets sold toDisc Tech One[2]
Alps ElectricJapan?2008HDD assets sold toTDK[3]
AmcodyneUnited States19831986Acquired byCentury Data Systems[4][5]
AmpexUnited States1970??[6]
Anelex CorporationUnited States19641967Acquired byMohawk Data Sciences[7][8]
Areal TechnologyUnited States19871999Acquired byTomen Electronics andSanyo in 1993, dissolved in 1998Manufactured the first HDDs employingglass as the substrate for theirplatters[9]
Atasi CorporationUnited States19821987Acquired byTandon thenWestern Digital in 1987Considered a pioneer in the industry but had financial struggles throughout its lifetime[10][11][12]
Aura AssociatesUnited States1992??[13]
Avatar SystemsUnited States19911998Bankruptcy[14][15][16]
BASFGermany19701982HDD assets sold toKennedy Company[17][18]
Brand TechnologiesUnited States1986??[19]
Bryant Computer ProductsUnited States19591972DissolutionRenamed to XLO Computer Products in 1972[20]
Bull PeripheralUnited States19841989Acquired bySeagate TechnologyAmerican subsidiary ofCII-Honeywell-Bull[21]
BurroughsUnited States1964??[22]
C. ItohJapan1985??[23]
Castlewood SystemsUnited States19992004Bankruptcy
Caelus MemoriesUnited States19671969Acquired byElectronic Memories & Magnetics[24][25][26]
CalcompUnited States19721979HDD assets sold toXerox[27]
Calluna TechnologyScotland19922001Dissolution[28][29]
Cardiff PeripheralsUnited States1987??[30]
Century Data SystemsUnited States19681972Acquired byCalComp in 1972; later sold toXerox in 1979[27]
CII-Honeywell-BullFrance19751989HDD business acquired bySeagate TechnologyResold drives through partnership withMagnetic Peripherals; CII-Honeywell-Bull was itself a joint venture betweenCompagnie Internationale d'Informatique,Honeywell, andGroupe Bull[31]
Cogito SystemsUnited States19831985Dissolution[32][33]
ComportUnited States19881991Dissolution[34][35]
Computer Memories, Inc.United States19791986Exited the HDD business
Computer Memory DevicesUnited States19691971Dissolution[36][37][38]
Conner PeripheralsUnited States19851996Acquired bySeagate Technology
CorniceUnited States20002007Dissolution[39][40]
Data DiscUnited States19621977Acquired byDatapoint[41][42]
Data GeneralUnited States19761989?[43][44]
DatapointUnited States19771984HDD assets sold toXebec Corporation[42][45]
DataproductsUnited States1962?Exited the HDD business
Data Recording InstrumentUnited Kingdom19701988Acquired byFKIFirst company to manufacture HDDs in Europe[46][47][48]: 289 
Data-Tech MemoriesUnited States19861989Dissolution[49][50]: 133 
Diablo SystemsUnited States19691972Acquired byXerox[51]
Digital Equipment CorporationUnited States19691993Exited the HDD business[52]
Disc Tech OneUnited States19831984Acquired byLife Tech Industries[53][54]
DisctronUnited States19821983DissolutionSpin-off ofComputer & Communications Technology[55][56]
DMA SystemsUnited States19811985Dissolution[57]
DZU ADBulgaria19681999DissolutionOriginally a state-owned entity, later converted to private company; HDD assets dispersed between 1997 and 1999[48]: 289 [58]
Ecol. 2United States19901993DissolutionNever produced any drives beyond prototypes[59]
Electronic Memories & MagneticsUnited States19691985Acquired byTitan Systems[60][26]
EmulexUnited States19791992HDD assets spun off asQLogic
EpsonJapan19851987Left the HDD business[61][62]
EspertSouth Korea1990?Dissolution[63]
ExcelStor TechnologyChina20002008Dissolution
Fuji ElectricJapan19852011Exited the HDD business[64][65]
FujitsuJapan19632009HDD assets sold toToshiba[66][67]
General ElectricUnited States19621970HDD assets sold toHoneywell[68][69]
GS MagicstorChina2003?Dissolution[70]
Hewlett-PackardUnited States19791996Exited the HDD businessManufactured the first1.3-inch HDDs[71][72]
HGSTUnited States20032018Acquired byWestern DigitalHitachi's HDD business after acquiringIBM's HDD assets
HitachiUnited States19672018HDD assets sold toWestern Digital[66]
Hokushin Electric WorksJapan1980??[48]: 289 [73]
HyosungSouth Korea???[50]: 138 
IBMUnited States19562003HDD assets sold toHitachiInventors of the HDD; HDD assets briefly spun off toAdStar between 1992 and 1995
Imprimis (CDC)United States19751989Acquired bySeagate TechnologyJoint venture betweenControl Data andCII-Honeywell-Bull; Internally known as Magnetic Peripherals, Inc
Information Storage SystemsUnited States19691973Acquired byItel Corporation; later sold toSperry Univac[74][75][76]
Intégral PeripheralsUnited States19901998Acquired by H&Q Asia PacificManufactured the first1.8-inch HDDs[77][78]
International MemoriesUnited States19771984Merged withOnyx Systems to become Dorado Micro Systems, later Onyx-IMI; left the HDD business in 1984; HDD business sold toFujhin Electronic Computer Co. in 1985[79][80][81][82][83]
IomecUnited States19691975Acquired byData 100[84][85]
IomegaUnited States19952008Acquired byEMC Corporation
ИЗОТ [ru](English:ISOT)Bulgaria19621991DissolutionState-owned entity
Josephine County TechnologyUnited States19841986Dissolution[86][87][88]
JT StorageUnited States19941999Dissolution
JVCJapan1986??[89]
KalokUnited States19871994Acquired byJT Storage[90][91]
KennedyUnited States19771988Dissolution[92][93]
KyoceraJapan19841991Exited the HDD business[94][95]
LaPine TechnologiesUnited States19841987Bankruptcy[96][97][98]
LibrascopeUnited States19611968Acquired bySinger Corporation[99]
Marshall LaboratoriesUnited States19681969Dissolution[100][101]
MatsushitaJapan19892000 ca.Exited the HDD businessOriginally as a licensee of Quantum[102]
MaxtorUnited States19822006Acquired bySeagate Technology
MemorexUnited States19681981Acquired byBurroughs Corporation; HDD assets later sold toToshibaManufactured the first HDD subsystems that were plug-compatible withIBM's
Microcomputer MemoriesUnited States19831986Bankruptcy[103][104]
MicropolisUnited States19861996HDD assets sold toSingapore Technology
Microscience InternationalUnited States19821993Bankruptcy[105][106]
MiniScribeUnited States19801990Acquired byMaxtor
MiniStor PeripheralsUnited States19911995BankruptcyManufactured the firstPC Card HDDs[107][108]
MitsubishiJapan19682002HDD assets sold toShowa Denko[66][109]
Mitsumi ElectricJapan???
NCRUnited States1964??[110]
NECJapan19652002Exited the HDD business[66][111]
Newbury DataUnited Kingdom19841988Acquired byFKI[112][113]
Nippon Electric IndustryJapan1983??[114]
Nippon PeripheralsJapan19711986Dissolution[115][116][117]
NomaïFrance19921998Acquired byIomega
Ohio ScientificUnited States19801980Acquired byM/A-COM[118]
OkidataJapan19731980HDD business acquired byOhio Scientific[119][120][121]
Olivetti OPEItaly1981?Left the HDD business[122][123]
Orca TechnologyUnited States19901992Bankruptcy; HDD assets sold toSamsung Electronics in 1995[124][125]
OtariJapan1985?Exited the HDD business[126]
Pertec ComputerUnited States19711987Acquired byTriumph-Adler[127][128]
PhilipsNetherlands???[48]: 289 
Plus DevelopmentUnited States19831993DissolutionInventors of thehardcard
Potter InstrumentUnited States19681975Bankruptcy[129][130][131]
PrairieTekUnited States19851991BankruptcyManufactured the first2.5-inch HDDs
PriamUnited States19781991HDD assets sold toPrima International
Peripheral TechnologyUnited States19851990Dissolution[132][133]
QuantumUnited States19802000HDD assets sold toMaxtor
RicohJapan1985?Exited the HDD business[134]
RodimeScotland19791991Exited the HDD businessManufactured the first3.5-inch HDDs
Rotating Memory SystemsUnited States19811982Acquired byComputer & Communications Technology[135][136]
SAGEMFrance??Exited the HDD business
Samsung ElectronicsSouth Korea19882011HDD assets sold toSeagate Technology[137][138]
SequelUnited States19891991BankruptcySpin-off ofMemorex's HDD business after the latter was acquired byUnisys[139][140]
Shugart AssociatesUnited States19791985Acquired byXerox in 1977; assets liquidated in 1985
SiemensGermany???[48]: 289 
Storage Technology CorporationUnited States19692005Acquired bySun Microsystems
SyQuest TechnologyUnited States19821999HDD assets sold toIomega
TandonUnited States19811988HDD assets sold toWestern Digital[141][142]
TEACJapan???
Texas InstrumentsUnited States1981?Exited the HDD businessFirst company tosecond-sourceSeagate'sST-506, the first5.25-inch HDD[143][144][145]
TokicoJapan???[50]: 166 
TulinUnited States19821991Dissolution[146][147]
Vertex PeripheralsUnited States19821985Acquired byPriam Corporation[148][149]
XebecUnited States1974??Originally named Microcomputer Systems Corporation; 1410 SCSI controller formed the basis of IBM PC's hard disk controller[150][151]
YE-DataJapan?1995Exited the HDD business[50]: 169–170 [152]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
General references
Specific references
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Wong, Poh-Kam (July 1999)."The Dynamics of the HDD Industry Development in Singapore"(PDF). Centre for Management of Innovation and Technopreneurship, National University of Singapore: The Information Storage Industry Center, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California. Report 99–03. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on July 17, 2012. RetrievedMarch 27, 2017.
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