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The National Football League (NFL) requires a franchise's controlling owner to hold a minimum 30% stake. It forbids groups of over 24 people as well as corporations, religious groups, governments, and non-profit organizations from owning stakes in teams.[1] One team, theGreen Bay Packers, is exempt from this under agrandfather clause and is owned by public shareholders. TheHouston Texans are also grandfathered in for their home county theHarris County, Texas, government which owns 5% of the team, as the rule forbidding governments from owning a team became effective in 2007. The NFL's constitution also forbids its owners from owning any other professional football teams, although an exception was made for teams from the now-defunctArena Football League located in the NFL team's home market. In addition, the controlling owners of NFL teams were previously only permitted to own major league baseball, basketball and hockey teams if they were in the NFL team's home market, or were not located in other NFL cities.[2] Institutional investors were historically forbidden from purchasing stakes in NFL teams until an August 2024 rule change; that December, it approved the sale of portions of the Dolphins andBuffalo Bills toprivate equity firms.[3]
Soccer has been exempt from these restrictions since 1982, when the league lost a lawsuit filed bythe original NASL stemming from the investments ofKansas City Chiefs ownerLamar Hunt and Elizabeth Robbie, the wife ofMiami Dolphins founderJoe Robbie in NASL teams;[4] as a result, NFL owners have owned teams in MLS in other NFL markets. In October 2018, the NFL owners voted to relax the cross-ownership rule, allowing controlling NFL owners to own other professional teams within NFL markets outside their home market.[5] The league also informally requires prospective owners to have highliquidity in their assets and positivecash flow; having a majority of one's wealth invested inreal estate is often grounds for rejection.[6]
| Franchise | Principal owner | Since | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona Cardinals | 2019 | Grandson ofCharles Bidwill, who acquired the team in1933 | [7] | |
| Atlanta Falcons | 2002 | Majority owner | [8] | |
| Baltimore Ravens | 2004 | Majority owner | [9] | |
| Buffalo Bills | 2014 | Principal owner. Minority stakes held by his daughter Laura Pegula, Arctos Partners LP,Theresia Gouw,Jozy Altidore,Tracy McGrady,Vince Carter, and others,[10] along with the estate of Pegula's incapacitated wifeKim Pegula, whose share is controlled by Terry Pegula and Bob Long in trust.[11] | [12] | |
| Carolina Panthers | 2018 | [13] | ||
| Chicago Bears | 2025 | Grandson ofGeorge Halas, whose family has owned the team since its founding in1920. McCaskey took over as principal owner following the death of his motherVirginia Halas McCaskey in 2025. | [14] | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | 1991 | Son ofPaul Brown, who founded the team in1968 | [15][16] | |
| Cleveland Browns | 2012 | Principal owner; his wifeDee Haslam owns roughly the same share | [17][18] | |
| Dallas Cowboys | 1989 | [19] | ||
| Denver Broncos | 2022 | Head of an ownership group that includesGreg Penner,Carrie Walton Penner,Mellody Hobson,Condoleezza Rice, andLewis Hamilton. | [20][21] | |
| Detroit Lions | Sheila Ford Hamp | 2020 | Daughter ofWilliam Clay Ford Sr., who acquired the team in1964 | [22] |
| Green Bay Packers | Green Bay Packers, Inc. | 1923 | Public corporation with a grandfathered exception to modern NFL ownership rules. The team is governed by a board of directors with president and CEOEd Policy representing the team. | |
| Houston Texans | Cal McNair | 2024 | Son of founding ownerBob McNair | [23] |
| Indianapolis Colts | Carlie Irsay-Gordon | 2025 | Principal owner and CEO; granddaughter ofRobert Irsay, who acquired the team in 1972. Vice chair under her fatherJim Irsay until his death in 2025. Gordon's sistersCasey Foyt andKalen Jackson hold equal ownership shares in addition to respectively serving as the team's executive vice president and chief brand officer. | [24][25] |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | 2012 | [26] | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | 2006 | Principal owner; son of team founderLamar Hunt. His siblings are also legal owners of the Chiefs. | [27][28][29] | |
| Las Vegas Raiders | 2011 | Son ofAl Davis of A. D. Football, Inc., which acquired the Raiders in1972. Principal owner; his motherCarol Davis owned roughly the same share prior to her death.Tom Brady became a limited partner in 2025. | ||
| Los Angeles Chargers | 1994 | Son ofAlex Spanos, who acquired the team in1984 | [30][31] | |
| Los Angeles Rams | 2010 | [32] | ||
| Miami Dolphins | 2008 | Principal owner. Minority stakes held byEmilio andGloria Estefan,Marc Anthony,Venus andSerena Williams, andStacy Ferguson. | [33][34] | |
| Minnesota Vikings | 2005 | Principal owner | [35] | |
| New England Patriots | 1994 | [36] | ||
| New Orleans Saints | 2018 | Wife ofTom Benson, who acquired the team in1985 | [37] | |
| New York Giants | 2005 | Principal owner; his grandfatherTim Mara founded the team in1925. Executive vice president and board chairmanSteve Tisch owns 50% of the team through his fatherPreston Robert Tisch, who acquired that share in1991. | [38] | |
| New York Jets | 2000 | Principal owner; his brotherChristopher Johnson served that role during Woody's time as the 66thUS Ambassador to the UK from November 2017 to January 2021. | [39] | |
| Philadelphia Eagles | 1994 | [40] | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | 2017 | Part of theRooney family, with his grandfatherArt Rooney founding the team in1933. | [41] | |
| San Francisco 49ers | 2009 | Principal owner; his motherDenise DeBartolo York is the daughter ofEdward J. DeBartolo Sr., who acquired the team in1977, and owns roughly the same share. | [42] | |
| Seattle Seahawks | Jody Allen | 2018 | Sister ofPaul Allen, who acquired the team in1997 | [43] |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | 2014 | Part of theGlazer family, with his fatherMalcolm Glazer acquiring the team in1995 | [44] | |
| Tennessee Titans | 2015 | Daughter ofBud Adams, who founded the team as theHouston Oilers in 1960. | [45][46] | |
| Washington Commanders | 2023 | Prominent limited partners includeMitchell Rales,Magic Johnson, andMark Ein. Other investors includedDavid Blitzer,Lee Ainslie,Eric Holoman, Michael Li,Marc Lipschultz, Mitchell Morgan,Doug Ostrover, theSanto Domingo family,Michael Sapir,Eric Schmidt, andAndy Snyder. | [47] |