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List of crewed lunar landers

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This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(July 2020)

This is a list of designs for crewedlunar landers, spacecraft intended to land on the Moon. A key aspect is achieving asoft landing, and for an ascent stage to successfully escape theMoon's gravity.[1] Another aspect is how many stages the design has to undergo to achieve its objective, and the number of passengers and amount of payload it can carry.[1]

NameManufacturerOperator (program and operational timeline)StagesCrewPayload MassStatusImage
AltairNorthrop GrummanNASA (Constellation, 2005–2009)Descent, Ascent414,500 kg (32,000 lb)Canceled
Apollo Lunar ModuleGrummanNASA (Apollo, 1969–1972)Descent, Ascent2Retired
Boeing Lunar LanderBoeingBoeing,NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)Descent, AscentRejected[1]
Dynetics HLSDyneticsDynetics,NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)Single-stage with drop tanks2-4Rejected[2]
Blue Moon Mark 2Blue Origin,Lockheed Martin,Northrop Grumman,Draper LaboratoryBlue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory,NASATransfer, Lander/Ascent4Planned[3]
Lanyue Lunar Lander CASTCMSA (CLEP)Descent propulsion stage, Lander/Ascent2Planned
LKRSC Energia/Yuzhnoye Design OfficeSoviet Union (N1-L3, 1969-1974)Descent, Ascent1Canceled
Lockheed Martin Lunar LanderLockheed MartinLockheed Martin,NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)Single-stage41,000 kg (2,200 lb)Rejected
(elements incorporated into Blue Moon Mk 2)
[4]
StarshipSpaceXSpaceXSingle-stagePlanned[5]
Starship HLSSpaceXNASA (Artemis, 2017–present), SpaceXSingle-stage4100–200 t (220,000–440,000 lb)Planned[6]
BIS Lunar Lander[2]British Interplanetary SocietySingle-stage3Studies (1939, 1947)
Von Braun Lunar Lander[3]US (1977)Single-stage with drop tanks20259 metric tons (with a crew of 10)Study (1952)
Horizon LERV[4]US Army (Project Horizon, 1966)Descent, Ascent10 - 162,700 - 22,000 kgStudy (1959)
Lunex Lunar Lander[5]US Air Force (Lunex Project, 1967)Descent, Ascent320,500 kgStudy (1958–1961)
Gemini lunar landerNASA Langley Research Center, (Project Gemini, 1963)Single1Canceled
LEK[6]Soviet Union, (Zvezda Moon base, 1974)Descent, Ascent, Reentry3Canceled
FLO Eagle landerNASA (Space Exploration Initiative, 1992–93)Descent, Ascent45,000 kgCanceled

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"NASA studying three-stage approach to human-class lunar landers".SpaceNews.com. 2018-11-20. Retrieved2019-11-08.
  2. ^"BIS Lunar Lander".www.astronautix.com. Archived fromthe original on August 20, 2016.
  3. ^"Von Braun Lunar Lander".www.astronautix.com. Archived fromthe original on August 20, 2016.
  4. ^"Horizon LERV".www.astronautix.com. Archived fromthe original on December 28, 2016.
  5. ^"Lunex Lunar Lander".www.astronautix.com. Archived fromthe original on December 28, 2016.
  6. ^"LEK".www.astronautix.com. Archived fromthe original on 16 March 2006. Retrieved12 January 2022.

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