Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

List of sovereign states by research and development spending

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromList of countries by research and development spending)

World map by research and development spending, according to Our World in Data[1]
World map of sovereign states by research and development spending per capita, according to OECD[2]
  $2000-$2249
  $1750-$1999
  $1500-$1749
  $1250-$1499
  $1000-$1249
  $750-$999
  $500-$749
  $250-$499
  $0-$249
  No data

This is alist of countries by research and development (R&D)spending inreal terms, based on data published by theWorld Bank, theUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and theOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

According toWorld Bank, ″Gross domestic expenditures onresearch and development (R&D) include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.″[3]

According toUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe, ″Research and development (R&D) expenditure as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is defined as the total intramural expenditure on research and experimental development (R&D) performed in the national territory during a specific reference period expressed as a percentage of national gross domestic product (GDP).″[4]

According to theOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ″Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy.″[2]

As of 2022,Israel leads the world in R&D spending as a percentage ofGDP, followed bySouth Korea, theUnited States,Japan,Belgium andSweden.

List

[edit]

The following table provides information on R&D spending, based on data published byWorld Bank,[5]United Nations Economic Commission for Europe,[6] and theOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.[2] The indicator is measured in USD constant prices using 2015 base year andpurchasing power parities (PPPs) by OECD and as percentage of GDP.

Research and development expenditure
CountryWB[7]UNECE[8]OECD[9][10]
Research and development expenditureResearch and development expenditureGross domestic spending on R&D
% of GDPYear% of GDPYear% of GDPmil USD PPCYear
 Albania0.15%2008
 Algeria0.53%2017
 American Samoa0.40%2006
 Angola0.03%2016
 Argentina0.52%2021
 Armenia0.21%20220.21%2022
 Australia1.83%2019
 Austria3.26%20213.26%20213.20%15,247.242022
 Azerbaijan0.15%20220.15%2022
 Bahrain0.10%2014
 Belarus0.48%20220.48%2022
 Belgium3.43%20213.43%20213.41%19,815.992022
 Bermuda0.23%2020
 Bolivia0.16%2009
 Bosnia and Herzegovina0.19%20220.19%2022
 Botswana0.56%2013
 Brazil1.15%2020
 Brunei0.28%2018
 Bulgaria0.77%20210.77%2021
 Burkina Faso0.25%2021
 Burundi0.21%2018
 Cabo Verde0.07%2011
 Cambodia0.12%2015
 Canada1.55%20221.55%20221.71%32,444.092022
 Chad0.30%2016
 Chile0.33%2020
 China2.43%2021
 Colombia0.29%2020
 Costa Rica0.28%2021
 Croatia1.24%20211.24%2021
 Cuba0.32%2021
 Cyprus0.83%20210.83%2021
 Czech Republic2.00%20212.00%20211.96%8,065.572022
 Côte d'Ivoire0.07%2016
 Democratic Republic of the Congo0.41%2015
 Denmark2.81%20212.81%20212.89%9,482.752022
 Ecuador0.44%2014
 Egypt1.02%2022
 El Salvador0.16%2021
 Estonia1.75%20211.75%20211.78%851.982022
 Eswatini0.27%2015
 Ethiopia0.27%2017
 Faroe Islands0.85%2003
 Finland2.99%20212.99%20212.96%7,630.492022
 France2.22%20212.22%20212.18%63,972.562022
 Gabon0.58%2009
 Gambia0.07%2018
 Georgia0.24%20220.24%2022
 Germany3.14%20213.14%20213.13%131,833.552022
 Ghana0.38%2010
 Greece1.46%20211.46%20211.49%4,673.542022
 Greenland0.65%2004
 Guam0.26%2005
 Guatemala0.06%2021
 Honduras0.06%2019
 Hong Kong1.07%2022
 Hungary1.64%20211.64%20211.39%4,632.642022
 Iceland2.81%20212.81%20212.60%533.652022
 India0.65%2020
 Indonesia0.28%2020
 Iran0.79%2019
 Iraq0.04%2021
 Ireland1.13%20211.13%20210.96%5,346.652022
 Israel5.56%20215.56%20216.02%24,338.762022
 Italy1.45%20211.45%20211.32%31,678.332022
 Jamaica0.06%2002
 Japan3.30%20213.41%180,459.432022
 Jordan0.70%2016
 Kazakhstan0.12%20220.12%2022
 Kenya0.41%2022
 Kuwait0.08%2022
 Kyrgyzstan0.08%20220.08%2022
 Laos0.04%2002
 Latvia0.74%20210.74%20210.76%441.572022
 Lesotho0.05%2015
 Lithuania1.11%20211.11%20211.02%1,086.652022
 Luxembourg1.04%20211.04%20210.98%715.642022
 Macau0.49%2022
 Madagascar0.01%2017
 Malaysia0.95%2020
 Mali0.17%2021
 Malta0.67%20210.67%2021
 Mauritania0.01%2018
 Mauritius0.31%2022
 Mexico0.27%2022
 Moldova0.23%20220.23%2022
 Monaco0.04%2005
 Mongolia0.00%2022
 Montenegro0.36%20190.36%2019
 Morocco0.66%2010
 Mozambique0.31%2015
 Myanmar0.04%2022
 Namibia0.35%2014
 Nepal0.30%2010
 Netherlands2.31%20212.31%20212.30%22,861.222022
 New Zealand1.45%2021
 Nicaragua0.11%2015
 Nigeria0.28%2019
 North Macedonia0.38%20220.38%2022
 Norway1.94%20211.94%20211.56%7,209.062022
 Oman0.28%2022
 Pakistan0.16%2021
 Palestine0.45%2013
 Panama0.18%2022
 Papua New Guinea0.03%2016
 Paraguay0.14%2021
 Peru0.16%2022
 Philippines0.32%2018
 Poland1.44%20211.44%20211.45%19,638.972022
 Portugal1.73%20221.73%20221.70%6,039.442022
 Puerto Rico0.43%2015
 Qatar0.68%2021
 Republic of the Congo0.41%2022
 Romania0.47%20210.47%2021
 Russia0.94%20220.94%2022
 Rwanda0.76%2019
 Saint Lucia0.27%1999
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.11%2002
 Saudi Arabia0.46%2022
 Senegal0.58%2015
 Serbia0.97%20220.97%2022
 Seychelles0.22%2016
 Singapore2.16%2020
 Slovakia0.92%20210.92%20210.98%1,843.372022
 Slovenia2.13%20212.13%20212.11%1,708.272022
 South Africa0.60%2020
 South Korea4.93%20215.21%119,643.782022
 Spain1.43%20211.43%20211.44%25,758.292022
 Sri Lanka0.12%2020
 Sudan0.22%2005
 Sweden3.42%20213.42%20213.41%19,031.002022
 Switzerland3.36%20213.36%2021
 Syria0.02%2015
 Tajikistan0.09%20200.09%2020
 Tanzania0.51%2013
 Thailand1.21%2021
 Togo0.20%2014
 Trinidad and Tobago0.05%2021
 Tunisia0.75%2019
 Turkey1.40%20211.40%20211.32%36,986.662022
 Uganda0.14%2014
 Ukraine0.33%20220.33%2022
 United Arab Emirates1.50%2021
 United Kingdom2.91%20212.91%2021
 United States Virgin Islands0.03%2007
 United States3.46%20213.46%20213.59%761,582.952022
 Uruguay0.63%2022
 Uzbekistan0.16%20220.16%2022
 Venezuela0.69%2016
 Vietnam0.43%2021
 Zambia0.28%2008
 European Union2.11%408,322.10 2022
OECD2.73%1,707,220.86 2022

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Our World in Data."Research and development spending as a share of GDP".ourworldindata.org. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  2. ^abcOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development."Gross domestic spending on R&D".data.oecd.org. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  3. ^World Bank."Metadata Glossary | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)".databank.worldbank.org. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  4. ^United Nations."Indicator 9.5.1: Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP".unstats.un.org. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  5. ^World Bank."Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)".data.worldbank.org. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  6. ^United Nations Economic Commission for Europe."Indicator 9.5.1 Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP, %".w3.unece.org. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  7. ^"Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  8. ^"Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP, %". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  9. ^"Gross domestic spending on R&D (% of GDP)". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved2024-10-16.
  10. ^"Gross domestic spending on R&D (Million US dollars)". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved2024-10-16.
Economic classification of countries
Three/Four-World Model
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Nominal
Purchasing
power parity (PPP)
Gross national income andIncome
Wages andsalary
Wealth
Othernational accounts
Human development
Digital divide
Net international
investment position (NIIP)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_by_research_and_development_spending&oldid=1289263979"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp