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List of counties in Wisconsin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Counties of Wisconsin
LocationState of Wisconsin
Number72
Populations4,286 (Menominee) – 924,740 (Milwaukee)
Areas231.98 square miles (600.8 km2) (Pepin) – 1,544.91 square miles (4,001.3 km2) (Marathon)
Government
Subdivisions
  • Cities, villages, towns, communities

There are 72counties in theUS state ofWisconsin. The land that eventually became Wisconsin was transferred from British to American control with the 1783 signing of theTreaty of Paris.[1] It was an unorganized part of theNorthwest Territory until 1802 when all of the land from St. Louis north to the Canadian border was organized asSt. Clair County.[1] WhenIllinois was admitted to the union in 1818, Wisconsin became part of theTerritory of Michigan and divided into two counties:Brown County in the northeast alongLake Michigan andCrawford County in the southwest along theMississippi River.[1]Iowa County was formed in 1829 from the Crawford County land south of theWisconsin River.[1] Brown County's southern portion was used to formMilwaukee County in 1834.[1] The state of Wisconsin was created fromWisconsin Territory on May 29, 1848, with 28 counties.

The most populous county in the state isMilwaukee County at 924,740 people at the 2024 Census estimate.[2] The county with the least population isMenominee County with 4,286 residents; theMenominee Indian Reservation is co-extensive with the county.[2]Pepin County is the smallest in area, with 231.98 square miles (600.8 km2);Marathon is the largest, having 1,544.91 square miles (4,001.3 km2).[2]

TheFederal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry.[3] Wisconsin's code is 55, which when combined with any county code would be written as 55XXX. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.[4]

Governance

[edit]

Each county has acounty seat, often a populous or centrally located community, where the county's governmental offices are located. Some of the services provided by the county include: law enforcement,circuit courts, social services, vital records and deed registration, road maintenance, and snow removal. County officials include sheriffs, district attorneys, clerks, treasurers, coroners, surveyors, registers of deeds, and clerks of circuit court; these officers are elected for four-year terms. In most counties, elected coroners have been replaced by appointed medical examiners. State law permits counties to appoint a registered land surveyor in place of electing a surveyor.

Counties in Wisconsin are governed by county boards, headed by a chairperson. Counties with a population of 500,000 or more must also have acounty executive. Smaller counties may have either a county executive or a county administrator.[5] As of 2011, 13 counties had elected county executives:Brown,Chippewa,Dane,Fond du Lac,Kenosha,Manitowoc,Milwaukee,Outagamie,Portage,Racine,Sawyer,Waukesha, andWinnebago. 23 had an appointed county administrator, 34 had an appointed administrative coordinator, and 2 had neither an executive nor an administrator. Waukesha County had both an executive and an administrator.[6]

List of counties

[edit]
County
FIPS code[4] County seat[7] Est.[8] Formed from[9] Etymology[9]Population[2]Area[2]Map
Adams County001Friendship1848Portage CountyJohn Quincy Adams(1767–1848),President of the United States(1825–29)21,352645.65 sq mi
(1,672 km2)		State map highlighting Adams County
Ashland County003Ashland1860La Pointe CountyAshland,Henry Clay's estate inKentucky16,1961,045.04 sq mi
(2,707 km2)		State map highlighting Ashland County
Barron County005Barron1859Polk CountyHenry D. Barron,state senator andcircuit court judge.46,810862.71 sq mi
(2,234 km2)		State map highlighting Barron County
Bayfield County007Washburn1845St. Croix CountyHenry Bayfield,Royal naval officer and first to surveyGreat Lakes area16,8381,477.86 sq mi
(3,828 km2)		State map highlighting Bayfield County
Brown County009Green Bay1818unorganized territoryMajor GeneralJacob Brown(1775–1828), commanding general of theUnited States Army during theWar of 1812273,909529.71 sq mi
(1,372 km2)		State map highlighting Brown County
Buffalo County011Alma1853Jackson CountyTheBuffalo River, which flows through the county.13,464671.64 sq mi
(1,740 km2)		State map highlighting Buffalo County
Burnett County013Siren1856Polk CountyThomas P. Burnett,state legislator17,187821.85 sq mi
(2,129 km2)		State map highlighting Burnett County
Calumet County015Chilton1836Brown CountyThe French word for aMenomineeCeremonial pipe.53,602318.24 sq mi
(824 km2)		State map highlighting Calumet County
Chippewa County017Chippewa Falls1845Crawford CountyChippewa Indians67,3231,008.37 sq mi
(2,612 km2)		State map highlighting Chippewa County
Clark County019Neillsville1853Crawford CountyGeorge Rogers Clark(1752–1812),Revolutionary Wargeneral34,8011,209.82 sq mi
(3,133 km2)		State map highlighting Clark County
Columbia County021Portage1846Portage CountyChristopher Columbus (1451–1506), navigator and explorer58,113765.53 sq mi
(1,983 km2)		State map highlighting Columbia County
Crawford County023Prairie du Chien1818unorganized territoryWilliam Harris Crawford(1772–1834),United States Senator from Georgia(1807–13) andSecretary of the Treasury(1816–25)16,008570.66 sq mi
(1,478 km2)		State map highlighting Crawford County
Dane County025Madison1836Crawford, Iowa, and Milwaukee CountiesNathan Dane(1752–1835), delegate to theFirst Continental Congress(1785–88)588,3471,197.24 sq mi
(3,101 km2)		State map highlighting Dane County
Dodge County027Juneau1836Brown and Milwaukee CountiesHenry Dodge(1782–1867),Territorial Governor of Wisconsin(1845–48)88,635875.63 sq mi
(2,268 km2)		State map highlighting Dodge County
Door County029Sturgeon Bay1851Brown CountyA dangerous water passage nearDoor Peninsula known asPorte des Morts or "door of the dead" inFrench30,512481.98 sq mi
(1,248 km2)		State map highlighting Door County
Douglas County031Superior1854La Pointe CountyStephen Douglas(1813–61),United States Senator from Illinois(1847–61)44,2761,304.14 sq mi
(3,378 km2)		State map highlighting Douglas County
Dunn County033Menomonie1854Chippewa CountyCharles Dunn,state senator andchief justice ofWisconsin Territory46,135850.11 sq mi
(2,202 km2)		State map highlighting Dunn County
Eau Claire County035Eau Claire1856Chippewa CountyCity of Eau Claire French for "clear water"108,830637.98 sq mi
(1,652 km2)		State map highlighting Eau Claire County
Florence County037Florence1882Marinette and Oconto CountiesFlorence Hulst (1851-1942), the first white woman to settle in the area4,673488.20 sq mi
(1,264 km2)		State map highlighting Florence County
Fond du Lac County039Fond du Lac1836Brown CountyFrench for "bottom of the lake"104,269719.55 sq mi
(1,864 km2)		State map highlighting Fond du Lac County
Forest County041Crandon1885Langlade and Oconto CountiesForest which covered the area when it was settled9,5061,014.07 sq mi
(2,626 km2)		State map highlighting Forest County
Grant County043Lancaster1837Iowa CountyProbably a trader named Grant who made contact with area natives in 1810 but about whom little else is known52,3301,146.85 sq mi
(2,970 km2)		State map highlighting Grant County
Green County045Monroe1837Iowa County and unorganized territoryNathanael Greene(1742–86),quartermaster general during theAmerican Revolutionary War37,183583.96 sq mi
(1,512 km2)		State map highlighting Green County
Green Lake County047Green Lake1858Marquette CountyGreen Lake located within the county19,370349.44 sq mi
(905 km2)		State map highlighting Green Lake County
Iowa County049Dodgeville1829Crawford CountyIowa tribe ofIndians23,963762.58 sq mi
(1,975 km2)		State map highlighting Iowa County
Iron County051Hurley1893Ashland and Oneida CountiesLocaliron deposits6,235758.17 sq mi
(1,964 km2)		State map highlighting Iron County
Jackson County053Black River Falls1853La Crosse CountyAndrew Jackson(1767–1845),President of the United States(1829–37)21,027987.72 sq mi
(2,558 km2)		State map highlighting Jackson County
Jefferson County055Jefferson1836Milwaukee CountyThomas Jefferson(1743–1826),President of the United States(1801–09)86,245556.47 sq mi
(1,441 km2)		State map highlighting Jefferson County
Juneau County057Mauston1857Adams CountySolomon Juneau(1793–1856), founder of what would becomeMilwaukee26,590766.93 sq mi
(1,986 km2)		State map highlighting Juneau County
Kenosha County059Kenosha1850Racine CountyIndian word meaning "place of thepike"168,754271.99 sq mi
(704 km2)		State map highlighting Kenosha County
Kewaunee County061Kewaunee1852Door CountyEither aPotawatomi word meaning "river of the lost" or anOjibwe word meaning "prairie hen" "wildduck" or "to go around"20,751342.52 sq mi
(887 km2)		State map highlighting Kewaunee County
La Crosse County063La Crosse1851Crawford CountyIndian game oflacrosse121,060451.69 sq mi
(1,170 km2)		State map highlighting La Crosse County
Lafayette County065Darlington1846Iowa CountyGilbert du Motiermarquis de La Fayette(1757–1834), a Frenchgeneral in theAmerican Revolutionary War17,306633.59 sq mi
(1,641 km2)		State map highlighting Lafayette County
Langlade County067Antigo1879Oconto CountyCharles de Langlade(1729 –c. 1800),American Revolutionary War veteran andUnited States Indian Agent in Green Bay19,535870.64 sq mi
(2,255 km2)		State map highlighting Langlade County
Lincoln County069Merrill1874Marathon CountyAbraham Lincoln(1809–65),President of the United States(1861–65)28,461878.97 sq mi
(2,277 km2)		State map highlighting Lincoln County
Manitowoc County071Manitowoc1836Brown CountyMunedoo-owk, an Ojibwe word meaning "the place of the good spirit"81,513589.08 sq mi
(1,526 km2)		State map highlighting Manitowoc County
Marathon County073Wausau1850Portage CountyMarathon, Greece139,0911,544.98 sq mi
(4,001 km2)		State map highlighting Marathon County
Marinette County075Marinette1879Oconto CountyMarie Antoinette Chevalier, Indian wife of an early fur trapper42,3431,399.35 sq mi
(3,624 km2)		State map highlighting Marinette County
Marquette County077Montello1836Brown CountyJacques Marquette(1637–75), missionary and explorer15,743455.60 sq mi
(1,180 km2)		State map highlighting Marquette County
Menominee County078Keshena1959Menominee Indian Reservation, Shawano, and Oconto CountiesMenominee Indians4,286357.61 sq mi
(926 km2)		State map highlighting Menominee County
Milwaukee County079Milwaukee1834Brown CountyMahnawaukee-Seepe, an Indian word meaning "gathering place by the river"924,740241.40 sq mi
(625 km2)		State map highlighting Milwaukee County
Monroe County081Sparta1854La Crosse CountyJames Monroe(1758–1831),President of the United States(1817–25)46,370900.78 sq mi
(2,333 km2)		State map highlighting Monroe County
Oconto County083Oconto1851Brown CountyAn Indian settlement and theOconto River, whose name means "plentiful with fish"40,037997.99 sq mi
(2,585 km2)		State map highlighting Oconto County
Oneida County085Rhinelander1887Lincoln CountyOneida Indians38,1751,112.97 sq mi
(2,883 km2)		State map highlighting Oneida County
Outagamie County087Appleton1851Brown CountyOutagamie Indians195,390637.52 sq mi
(1,651 km2)		State map highlighting Outagamie County
Ozaukee County089Port Washington1853Washington CountyTheOjibwe word for theSauk nation93,956233.08 sq mi
(604 km2)		State map highlighting Ozaukee County
Pepin County091Durand1858Dunn CountyPierre and Jean Pepin du Chardonnets, explorers7,555231.98 sq mi
(601 km2)		State map highlighting Pepin County
Pierce County093Ellsworth1853Saint Croix CountyFranklin Pierce(1804–69),President of the United States(1853–57)43,380573.75 sq mi
(1,486 km2)		State map highlighting Pierce County
Polk County095Balsam Lake1853Saint Croix CountyJames Polk(1795–1849),President of the United States(1845–49)45,831913.96 sq mi
(2,367 km2)		State map highlighting Polk County
Portage County097Stevens Point1836Brown, Crawford, Iowa, and Milwaukee CountiesPassage between theFox andWisconsin Rivers72,040800.68 sq mi
(2,074 km2)		State map highlighting Portage County
Price County099Phillips1879Chippewa and Lincoln CountiesWilliam T. Price(1824–86),Representative from Wisconsin(1883–86)14,0871,254.38 sq mi
(3,249 km2)		State map highlighting Price County
Racine County101Racine1836Milwaukee CountyRacine, the French word for "root", after theRoot River, which flows through the county198,651332.5 sq mi
(861 km2)		State map highlighting Racine County
Richland County103Richland Center1842Iowa CountyThe richsoil of the area17,123586.15 sq mi
(1,518 km2)		State map highlighting Richland County
Rock County105Janesville1836Milwaukee CountyRock River, which flows through the county165,461718.14 sq mi
(1,860 km2)		State map highlighting Rock County
Rusk County107Ladysmith1901Chippewa CountyJeremiah McLain Rusk(1830–93),Governor of Wisconsin(1882–89)14,168913.59 sq mi
(2,366 km2)		State map highlighting Rusk County
Sauk County111Baraboo1840Crawford, Dane and Portage CountiesSauk Indians66,486830.9 sq mi
(2,152 km2)		State map highlighting Sauk County
Sawyer County113Hayward1883Ashland and Chippewa CountiesPhiletus Sawyer(1816–1900),Representative(1865–75) andSenator(1881–93) from Wisconsin18,8351,257.31 sq mi
(3,256 km2)		State map highlighting Sawyer County
Shawano County115Shawano1853Oconto CountyAn Ojibwe word meaning "southern"41,299893.06 sq mi
(2,313 km2)		State map highlighting Shawano County
Sheboygan County117Sheboygan1836Brown CountyShawb-wa-way-kun, an Indian word meaning "great noise underground"118,331511.27 sq mi
(1,324 km2)		State map highlighting Sheboygan County
St. Croix County109Hudson1840Crawford County, and unorganized territoryAn early French explorer named St. Croix, about whom little is known97,954722.33 sq mi
(1,871 km2)		State map highlighting St. Croix County
Taylor County119Medford1875Clark, Lincoln, Marathon and Chippewa CountiesWilliam Robert Taylor(1820–1909),Governor of Wisconsin 1874–7620,167974.88 sq mi
(2,525 km2)		State map highlighting Taylor County
Trempealeau County121Whitehall1854Buffalo, Chippewa, Jackson, and La Crosse CountiesTrempealeau Mountain (from the French for "mountain with its foot in the water"), abluff located in a bend of theTrempealeau River,[10] which flows through the county30,801732.97 sq mi
(1,898 km2)		State map highlighting Trempealeau County
Vernon County123Viroqua1851Richland and Crawford CountiesMount Vernon, home ofGeorge Washington31,351791.58 sq mi
(2,050 km2)		State map highlighting Vernon County
Vilas County125Eagle River1893Oneida CountyWilliam Vilas(1840–1908), officer in theCivil WarUnited States Postmaster General(1885–88)United States Secretary of the Interior(1888–89) andSenator from Wisconsin(1891–97)23,948856.60 sq mi
(2,219 km2)		State map highlighting Vilas County
Walworth County127Elkhorn1836Milwaukee CountyReuben Hyde Walworth(1788–1867),jurist fromNew York106,029555.13 sq mi
(1,438 km2)		State map highlighting Walworth County
Washburn County129Shell Lake1883Burnett CountyCadwallader Washburn(1818–82),Governor(1872–74) andRepresentative from Wisconsin(1867–71)16,982797.11 sq mi
(2,065 km2)		State map highlighting Washburn County
Washington County131West Bend1836Brown and Milwaukee CountiesGeorge Washington(1732–99),American Revolutionary War leader(1775–83) and firstPresident of the United States(1789–97)138,727430.70 sq mi
(1,116 km2)		State map highlighting Washington County
Waukesha County133Waukesha1846Milwaukee CountyWaugooshance, aPottawatomi word meaning "littlefoxes"417,029549.57 sq mi
(1,423 km2)		State map highlighting Waukesha County
Waupaca County135Waupaca1851Brown and Winnebago Countieswau-pa-ka-ho-nak, aMenominee word meaning "white sand bottom" or "brave young hero"51,171747.71 sq mi
(1,937 km2)		State map highlighting Waupaca County
Waushara County137Wautoma1851Marquette CountyAn Indian word meaning "good earth"25,079626.15 sq mi
(1,622 km2)		State map highlighting Waushara County
Winnebago County139Oshkosh1840Brown, Calumet, and Fond du Lac CountiesWinnebago Indians173,307434.49 sq mi
(1,125 km2)		State map highlighting Winnebago County
Wood County141Wisconsin Rapids1856Portage CountyJoseph Wood(1809–90), state legislator(1856–58)73,943793.12 sq mi
(2,054 km2)		State map highlighting Wood County

Renamed counties

[edit]

Five counties in Wisconsin have been renamed, but otherwise kept their same borders.[11]

  • Bad Axe County existed from 1851 to 1862. It was named after theBad Axe River and theBattle of Bad Axe. It was renamed toVernon County in 1862.[12]
  • Dallas County existed for 10 years, from 1859 to 1869. It was named afterGeorge M. Dallas, the 11th vice president of the United States. It was named toBarron County in 1869.[13]
  • Gates County existed from 1901 to 1905. It was named after Milwaukee land speculator James L. Gates.[14] It was renamed toRusk County in 1905.[15]
  • La Pointe County existed from 1845 to 1866. In 1848, when Wisconsin achieved statehood, La Pointe County was split between Wisconsin and Minnesota. It was renamed toBayfield County in 1866.[16]
  • New County existed briefly between 1879 and 1880. It was formed from part ofOconto County. It was renamed to Langlade County in 1880.[17]

Proposed counties

[edit]

Two proposed counties were ultimately not established.

  • In 1850, Tuskola County was proposed as a new subdivision ofWashington County.[9] The proposed borders lie within the modern Washington and Ozaukee counties.[18]
  • In 1997, Century County was proposed, for creation after the year 2000, as a merger ofWood,Clark, andMarathon counties that would be centered around the city ofMarshfield. The name was selected to represent "a new county for a new century".[19] Problems associated withFrac Sand mining rekindled the idea in 2012.[20]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdeCurtiss-Wedge, Franklyn (1919).History of Buffalo and Pepin Counties, Wisconsin, Volume 1. Higginson Book Company. pp. 3–4.Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. RetrievedOctober 26, 2020.
  2. ^abcde"Wisconsin QuickFacts".U.S. Census Bureau.Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. RetrievedMarch 14, 2025. (2024 Census estimates)
  3. ^"FIPS Publish 6-4". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived fromthe original on September 29, 2013. RetrievedFebruary 11, 2008.
  4. ^ab"EPA County FIPS Code Listing".US Environmental Protection Agency. Archived fromthe original on October 7, 2013. RetrievedFebruary 11, 2008.
  5. ^Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau.State of Wisconsin 2011–2012 Blue BookArchived December 28, 2017, at theWayback Machine. Madison: Joint Committee on Legislative Organization, 2011, p. 736.
  6. ^Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau.State of Wisconsin 2011–2012 Blue BookArchived December 28, 2017, at theWayback Machine. Madison: Joint Committee on Legislative Organization, 2011, p. 732.
  7. ^"NACo – Find a county". National Association of Counties.Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 11, 2008.
  8. ^Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau.State of Wisconsin 2011–2012 Blue BookArchived December 28, 2017, at theWayback Machine. Madison: Joint Committee on Legislative Organization, 2011, p. 731.
  9. ^abcCarver, Jonathon (1910).Proceedings of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin at its Fifty-Seventh Annual Meeting (1st ed.). Madison WI: Democrat Printing Company. (WV County Founding Dates and Etymology). Other editions available atISBN 1130567257 andGoogle BooksArchived April 4, 2023, at theWayback Machine
  10. ^Elkins, Winston (1985).Trempealeau and the Mississippi River Dam. Trempealeau County, WI: Trempealeau County Historical Society.
  11. ^"Interactive Map of Wisconsin County Formation History".mapgeeks.org. Archived fromthe original on March 28, 2018. RetrievedSeptember 15, 2014.
  12. ^History of Vernon County, Wisconsin. Viroqua, WI: Union Publishing. 1884. p. 132. (Bad Ax County). Other editions available:ISBN 1178120341 andGoogle Books
  13. ^"Dictionary of Wisconsin History".Wisconsin Historical Society. Archived fromthe original on August 24, 2008. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2013.
  14. ^Gannett, Henry (1905).The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 135.
  15. ^Rusk County MuseumArchived October 22, 2013, at theWayback Machine
  16. ^"Wisconsin Historical Society-La Pointe County, Wisconsin (obsolete)".Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. RetrievedMarch 4, 2013.
  17. ^'History of Langlade County, Wisconsin from U.S. Government Survey to Present Time, With Biographical Sketches,' Robert Dessueran, Bernier Bros Publishing Co., Antigo, Wisconsin: 1922, History of Langlade County, Chapter V: Organization of Langlade County, pg. 12
  18. ^Wisconsin (1850)."Acts and Resolves Passed by the Legislature of Wisconsin".Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. RetrievedJune 25, 2021.
  19. ^Clark, Anita (September 28, 1997)."New county only solution to poor service, some say".The Journal Times.Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2017.
  20. ^Kirkby, Sean (March 4, 2012)."Professor advocates creating a new state county".Badger Herald. The Badger Herald.Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. RetrievedMarch 4, 2012.

Further reading

[edit]

External links

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